Development Of A Weigh In Motion System Using Acoustic Emission Sensors
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Development Of A Weigh In Motion System Using Acoustic Emission Sensors
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Author : Jeanne M. Bowie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Development Of A Weigh In Motion System Using Acoustic Emission Sensors written by Jeanne M. Bowie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Acoustic emission categories.
This dissertation proposes a system for weighing commercial vehicles in motion using acoustic emission sensors attached to a metal bar placed across the roadway. The signal from the sensors is analyzed by a computer and the vehicle weight is determined by a statistical model which correlates the acoustic emission parameters to the vehicle weight. Such a system would be portable and low-cost, allowing for the measurement of vehicle weights in much the same way commercial tube and radar counters routinely collect vehicle speed and count. The system could be used to collect vehicle speed and count data as well as weight information. Acoustic emissions are naturally occurring elastic waves produced by the rapid release of energy within a material. They are caused by deformation or fracturing of a solid due to thermal or mechanical stress. Acoustic emission sensors have been developed to detect these waves and computer software and hardware have been developed to analyze and provide information about the waveforms. Acoustic emission testing is a common form of nondestructive testing and is used for pressure vessel testing, leak detection, machinery monitoring, structural integrity monitoring, and weld monitoring, among other things (Miller, 1987). For this dissertation, acoustic emission parameters were correlated to the load placed on the metal test bar to determine the feasibility of using a metal test bar to measure the weight of a vehicle in motion. Several experiments were done. First, the concept was tested in a laboratory setting using an experimental apparatus. A concrete cylinder was mounted on a frame and rotated using a motor. The metal test bar was applied directly to the surface of the cylinder and acoustic emission sensors were attached to each end of the bar. As the cylinder rotated, a motorcycle tire was pushed up against the cylinder using a scissor jack to simulate different loads. The acoustic emission response in the metal test strip to the motorcycle tire rolling over it was detected by the acoustic emission sensors and analyzed by the computer. Initial examinations of the data showed a correlation between the force of the tire against the cylinder and the energy and count of the acoustic emissions. Subsequent field experiments were performed at a weigh station on I-95 in Flagler County, Florida. The proposed weigh-in-motion system (the metal test bar with attached acoustic emission sensors) was installed just downstream of the existing weigh-in-motion scale at the weigh station. Commercial vehicles were weighed on the weigh station weigh-in-motion scale and acoustic emission data was collected by the experimental system. Test data was collected over several hours on two different days, one in July 2008 and the other in April 2009. Initial examination of the data did not show direct correlation between any acoustic emission parameter and vehicle weight. As a result, a more sophisticated model was developed. Dimensional analysis was used to examine possible relationships between the acoustic emission parameters and the vehicle weight. In dimensional analysis, a dimensionally correct equation is formed using measurable parameters of a system. The dimensionally correct equation can then be tested using experimental data. Dimensional analysis revealed the possible relationships between the acoustic emission parameters and the vehicle weight: w=f (gE/v2, YA, rE/D[square root of A], cE/[square root of A], c[subscript p]E/[square root of A], E3/[square root of A][multiplication dot]AbsE, aE/[square root of A]) The defintions of these variables can be found in Appendix A. Statistical models for weight using the laboratory data and using the field data were developed. Dimensional analysis variables as well as other relevant measurable parameters were used in the development of the statistical models. The model created for the April 2009 dataset was validated, with only 27 lbs average error in the weight calculation as compared with the weight measurement made with the weigh station weigh-in-motion scale. The maximum percent error for the weight calculation was 204%, with about 65% of the data falling within 30% error. Additional research will be needed to develop an acoustic emission weigh-in-motion system with adequate accuracy for a commercial product. Nevertheless, this dissertation presents a valuable contribution to the effort of developing a low-cost acoustic emission weigh-in-motion scale. Future research needs that were identified as part of this dissertation include: [bullet] Examination of the effects of pavement type (flexible or rigid), vehicle speeds greater than 50 mph, and temperature [bullet] Determination of the best acoustic emission sensor for this system [bullet] Exploration of the best method to separate the data from axles which pass over the equipment close together in time (such as tandem axles) [bullet] Exploration of the effect of repeated measures on improving the accuracy of the system.
Handbook Of Measurement In Science And Engineering Volume 1
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Author : Myer Kutz
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-12-01
Handbook Of Measurement In Science And Engineering Volume 1 written by Myer Kutz and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurement tools, techniques, and applications Volume 1 "When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science." Lord Kelvin Measurement falls at the heart of any engineering discipline and job function. Whether engineers are attempting to state requirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to track progress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits, they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful, useful data. The Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineering measurements beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedic in scope, Volume 1 spans several disciplines Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, and Industrial Engineering and covers: New Measurement Techniques in Structural Health Monitoring Traffic Congestion Management Measurements in Environmental Engineering Dimensions, Surfaces, and Their Measurement Luminescent Method for Pressure Measurement Vibration Measurement Temperature Measurement Force Measurement Heat Transfer Measurements for Non-Boiling Two-Phase Flow Solar Energy Measurements Human Movement Measurements Physiological Flow Measurements GIS and Computer Mapping Seismic Testing of Highway Bridges Hydrology Measurements Mobile Source Emissions Testing Mass Properties Measurement Resistive Strain Measurement Devices Acoustics Measurements Pressure and Velocity Measurements Heat Flux Measurement Wind Energy Measurements Flow Measurement Statistical Quality Control Industrial Energy Efficiency Industrial Waste Auditing Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers in industry and government, Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering will also prove ideal for members of major engineering associations and academics and researchers at universities and laboratories.
The Development Of Portable Weigh In Motion Wim System
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Author : Ahmad Othman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Development Of Portable Weigh In Motion Wim System written by Ahmad Othman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Motor vehicle scales categories.
Cyber Physical Systems In The Construction Sector
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Author : Wesam Salah Alaloul
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-07-07
Cyber Physical Systems In The Construction Sector written by Wesam Salah Alaloul and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are mechanisms for monitoring and controlling processes using computer-based algorithms. In the construction industry, CPSs help to increase the viability of construction projects by reducing costs, time and management effort. This book aims to develop the fundamental concepts of construction project management associated with the CPSs and their applications within the modern construction industry in alignment with the scope of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0). The book has been structured in a systematic way for easy understanding by construction industry researchers and academic faculty. The first part of the book helps readers to develop a basic understanding of the fundamental concepts of construction project management and CPSs. Followed by the second part about the CPSs implementation framework and understanding the operational concepts associated with the notion of IoT and Digital Twins within the construction industry. The third part of the book describes modelling/simulation techniques to develop the customised CPSs for construction project management. The concluding part provides an in-depth review of applications of CPSs, associated threats and security.
Development Of A Low Cost Truck Weighing System Final Report
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Author : Wiley D. Cunagin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Development Of A Low Cost Truck Weighing System Final Report written by Wiley D. Cunagin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Latest Trends In Engineering And Technology
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Author : Sajjan Singh
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-06-28
Latest Trends In Engineering And Technology written by Sajjan Singh and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
We are very pleased to introduce the proceedings of the International Conference on Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology [ICLTET 2023]. Papers were well presented in the conference in the fields of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, IOT, Communication Networks, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Nano Material Research, Business Management and many more to arouse a high level of interest. The presented papers maintained the high promise suggested by the written abstracts and the program was chaired in a professional and efficient way by the session chair who were selected for their expertise in the subject. The number of delegates was also highly gratifying, showing the high level of interest in the subject. This Proceeding provides the permanent record of what was presented. They indicate the state of development at the time of writing of all aspects of this important topic and will be invaluable to all academicians and researchers in the field for that reason. Finally, it is appropriate that we record our thanks to our fellow members of the Technical Organizing Committee for encouraging participation from those areas. We are also indebted to those who served as session chair and reviewers, without their support, the conference could not have been the success that it was. We also acknowledge the authors themselves, without whose expert input there would have been no conference. Their efforts made a great contribution to its success.
Advanced Weigh In Motion System For Weighing Vehicles At High Speed
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Advanced Weigh In Motion System For Weighing Vehicles At High Speed written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
A state-of-the-art, Advanced Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) system has been designed, installed, and tested on the west bound side of Interstate I-75/I-40 near the Knox County Weigh Station. The project is a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and International Road Dynamics, Inc. (IRD) sponsored by the Office of Uranium Programs, Facility and Technology Management Division of the Department of Energy under CRADA No. ORNL95-0364. ORNL, IRD, the Federal Highway Administration, the Tennessee Department of Safety and the Tennessee Department of Transportation have developed a National High Speed WIM Test Facility for test and evaluation of high-speed WIM systems. The WIM system under evaluation includes a Single Load Cell WIM scale system supplied and installed by IRD. ORNL developed a stand-alone, custom data acquisition system, which acquires the raw signals from IRD's in-ground single load cell transducers. Under a separate contract with the Federal Highway Administration, ORNL designed and constructed a laboratory scale house for data collection, analysis and algorithm development. An initial advanced weight-determining algorithm has been developed. The new advanced WIM system provides improved accuracy and can reduce overall system variability by up to 30% over the existing high accuracy commercial WIM system.
Development Of Fiber Optic Dynamic Weigh In Motion System
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Author : P. J. Cosentino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Development Of Fiber Optic Dynamic Weigh In Motion System written by P. J. Cosentino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Rail Infrastructure Resilience
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Author : Rui Calcada
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2022-06-28
Rail Infrastructure Resilience written by Rui Calcada and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Economic growth, security and sustainability across Europe are at risk due to ageing railway infrastructure systems. At present, the majority of such systems are aging and some have even reached their initial design lives. These issues align with a major challenge in civil engineering: how to restore and improve urban infrastructure and built environments. Policy, environmental and physical barriers must be addressed and overcome. The complex and interconnected nature of the problem means that there is a need for academia, industry, communities and governments to work collaboratively. The challenges posed by extreme events from natural and man-made disasters are urgent. Rail Infrastructure Resilience: A Best-Practices Handbook presents developed improvement methods for rail infrastructure systems, toward resilience to extreme conditions. It shows how best to use new information in the engineering design, maintenance, construction and renewal of rail infrastructure resilience, through knowledge exchange and capability development. The book presents the outcome of a major European research project, known as the RISEN project. RISEN aimed to enhance knowledge creation and transfer using both international and intersectoral secondment mechanisms among European Advanced Rail Research Universities and SMEs, and Non-EU, leading rail universities, providing methodological approaches and practical tools for restoring and improving railway infrastructure systems for extreme events. Edited and written by members of this project, this book will be essential reading for researchers and practitioners hoping to find practical solutions to the challenges of rail infrastructure resilience. Offers a best-practices handbook for rail infrastructure resilience from the leaders in the field Paints a holistic picture of the rail transport system, showing that infrastructure maintenance intervention can be enhanced through advanced monitoring systems and resilience design Presents rail infrastructure resilience and advanced condition monitoring, allowing a better understanding of the critical maintenance, renewal and retrofit needs of railways Considers how academia, industry, communities and governments can work collaboratively in order to tackle aggregated problems in rail infrastructure resilience Presents the findings from the RISEN project, the leading European project on enhancing knowledge creation and transfer of expertise on rail infrastructure resilience
Integrative Oncology
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Author : Matthew P. Mumber
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2005-10-26
Integrative Oncology written by Matthew P. Mumber and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-26 with Medical categories.
Integrative Oncology explores a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to cancer care that addresses all individuals involved in the process, and can include the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies alongside conventional modalities such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. The number of integrative care programs is increasing worldwide and this book forms a foundation text for all who want to learn more about this growing field. This guide provides a thoughtful and generous perspective on integrative care, an outstanding overview of the exciting clinical opportunities these techniques can offer, and a guide to the new territories that all oncologists and CAM practitioners need to explore and understand.