Developments In Valve Regulated Lead Acid Vrla Batteries
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Developments In Valve Regulated Lead Acid Vrla Batteries
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Author : P. G. Balakrishnan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Developments In Valve Regulated Lead Acid Vrla Batteries written by P. G. Balakrishnan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Lead-acid batteries categories.
Although Gaston Planté invented the lead-acid battery in 1859 in France, it took about a century to make it maintenance-free in the sense that there is no necessity for topping up the battery with water. This was made possible by the invention of a hermetically sealed nickel oxyhydroxide-cadmium battery. Though such batteries were variously called in the beginning as maintenance-free battery, sealed battery, starved electrolyte battery, absorbed electrolyte battery, etc., due to heavy litigation, particularly in the U.K., the term valve-regulated lead-acid battery (VRLAB) was coined to obviate the legal battle. The VRLAB operates on the principle of "internal oxygen cycle" without resorting to the use of catalytic recombination plugs. The binary alloys used in the initial periods of development of VRLAB had no aluminium or silver. After the introduction of Ca-Al master alloy for preparing the Pb-Ca-Al alloy, the grid casting problems were minimised. The introduction of tin to alleviate the problem of premature capacity loss helped to a very great extent in increasing the market share of VRLAB, particularly in the stationary market segment. Developments in the absorptive glass mat (AGM) separator also gave a great impetus to the popularisation of the VRLAB. The work done by the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) paved the way for increasing the Electric Vehicle (EV) market for VRLAB. Rapid charging of VRLAB not only helped in extending the range of EVs by reducing the down time of EVs, but also increased the life of fast-charged VRLAB. The VRLA battery technology being a comparatively new one, a lot of teething troubles were encountered in the initial periods of its introduction. A detailed analysis of the failure modes of VRLAB and remedial measures adopted by the industry is critically analysed. Extensive trials of VRLAB have been carried out to prove the utility of automotive VRLAB in Australia, Italy, Germany and Japan. Aircraft VRLAB have been proved immune to thermal runaway even though the temperature rises to 72°C. A new idea of a hybrid AGM-Gel VRLAB for use in high temperature operation is under investigation and field trial.
Developments In Valve Regulated Lead Acid Vrla Batteries
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Author : P. G. Balakrishnan
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2014-05-14
Developments In Valve Regulated Lead Acid Vrla Batteries written by P. G. Balakrishnan and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with Lead-acid batteries categories.
Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries
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Author : Patrick T. Moseley
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2004-02-24
Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries written by Patrick T. Moseley and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
For many decades, the lead-acid battery has been the most widely used energy-storage device for medium- and large-scale applications (approximately 100Wh and above). In recent years, the traditional, flooded design of the battery has begun to be replaced by an alternative design. This version - the valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery - requires no replenishment of the water content of the electrolyte solution, does not spill liquids, and can be used in any desired orientation. Since the VRLA battery operates in a somewhat different manner from its flooded counterpart, considerable technological development has been necessary to meet the exacting performance requirements of the full range of applications in which rechargeable batteries are used. The valve-regulated design is now well established in the industrial battery sector, and also appears set to be adopted widely for automotive duty. This book provides a comprehensive account of VRLA technology and its uses. In the future, all industrial processes - including the manufacture of batteries - will be required to conform to the conventions of sustainability. Accordingly, the crucial areas of the environmental impact associated with the production and use of VRLA batteries and the recycling of spent units are also treated thoroughly. Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries gives an essential insight into the science that underlies the development and operation of VRLA batteries and is a comprehensive reference source for those involved in the practical use of the technology in key energy-storage applications. Covers all major advances in the field Provides a comprehensive account of VRLA technology and its uses First book dedicated to this technology
Lead Acid Batteries For Future Automobiles
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Author : Jürgen Garche
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2017-02-21
Lead Acid Batteries For Future Automobiles written by Jürgen Garche and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles provides an overview on the innovations that were recently introduced in automotive lead-acid batteries and other aspects of current research. Innovative concepts are presented, some of which aim to make lead-acid technology a candidate for higher levels of powertrain hybridization, namely 48-volt mild or high-volt full hybrids. Lead-acid batteries continue to dominate the market as storage devices for automotive starting and power supply systems, but are facing competition from alternative storage technologies and being challenged by new application requirements, particularly related to new electric vehicle functions and powertrain electrification. Presents an overview of development trends for future automobiles and the demands that they place on the battery Describes how to adapt LABs for use in micro and mild hybrid EVs via collector construction and materials, via carbon additives, via new cell construction (bipolar), and via LAB hybrids with Li-ion and supercap systems System integration of LABs into vehicle power-supply and hybridization concepts Short description of competitive battery technologies
Vrla Battery Technology For Military Vehicle Applications
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Vrla Battery Technology For Military Vehicle Applications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries offer performance advantages for military vehicle applications. Thus the Army is looking for alternative sources of military-sized VRLA batteries.
Proceedings Of The Symposium On Advances In Lead Acid Batteries
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Author : Kathryn R. Bullock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Proceedings Of The Symposium On Advances In Lead Acid Batteries written by Kathryn R. Bullock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Electric batteries categories.
Proceedings Of The Symposium On Batteries And Fuel Cells For Stationary And Electric Vehicle Applications
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Author : Albert R. Landgrebe
language : en
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Release Date : 1993
Proceedings Of The Symposium On Batteries And Fuel Cells For Stationary And Electric Vehicle Applications written by Albert R. Landgrebe and has been published by The Electrochemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Automobiles, Electric categories.
Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2016 U S Corps Of Engineers Bureau Of Reclamation
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2016 U S Corps Of Engineers Bureau Of Reclamation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Federal aid to energy development categories.
Proceedings Of The Symposium On Exploratory Research And Development Of Batteries For Electric And Hybrid Vehicles
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Author : William Alfred Adams
language : en
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Release Date : 1996
Proceedings Of The Symposium On Exploratory Research And Development Of Batteries For Electric And Hybrid Vehicles written by William Alfred Adams and has been published by The Electrochemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Transportation categories.
Modern Batteries
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Author : C. Vincent
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1997-09-26
Modern Batteries written by C. Vincent and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Based on the successful first edition, this book gives a general theoretical introduction to electrochemical power cells (excluding fuel cells) followed by a comprehensive treatment of the principle battery types - covering chemistry, fabrication characteristics and applications. There have been many changes in the field over the last decade and many new systems have been commercialised. Since the recent advent of battery powered consumer products (mobile phones, camcorders, lap-tops etc.) advanced power sources have become far more important. This text provides an up-to-date account of batteries which is accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of chemistry and physics.