Diferentes Configuraciones De Derechos De Exportaci N La Econom A Argentina Y El Sector Agropecuario Simulaciones Con El Modelo Mundial Del Ifpri
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Diferentes Configuraciones De Derechos De Exportaci N La Econom A Argentina Y El Sector Agropecuario Simulaciones Con El Modelo Mundial Del Ifpri
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Author : Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
language : es
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2022-09-28
Diferentes Configuraciones De Derechos De Exportaci N La Econom A Argentina Y El Sector Agropecuario Simulaciones Con El Modelo Mundial Del Ifpri written by Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-28 with Political Science categories.
Este documento es parte de una consultoría del IFPRI con el Banco Mundial para apoyar al gobierno de Argentina, y en particular al Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca (MAGyP), en el análisis de los derechos o impuestos de exportación (DEXs), llamados también retenciones en la Argentina. Este es un tema con importantes implicaciones políticas, económicas y sociales. Para varios grupos del sector agropecuario es una reivindicación sectorial central, aunque tiene repercusiones económicas y sociales diferentes (y no todas en la misma dirección) dentro de ese sector, como se verá más adelante. Las retenciones estuvieron en el centro del conflicto con el campo en 2008 en relación con la resolución 125 de DEXs móviles en función de los precios internacionales. El gobierno que se inició a fines de 2015, en línea con los pedidos de varios sectores de productores agropecuarios, redujo los DEXs pero luego tuvo que revertir, al menos parcialmente, esa medida debido a la crisis económica y los problemas fiscales que lo llevaron a recurrir al FMI en 2018. A partir de las necesidades de consolidación fiscal derivadas de la crisis de deuda por la que atraviesa el país, el actual gobierno de Argentina anunció una serie de medidas fiscales que impactan a diversos sectores de la economía, incluida la agricultura, a través de la aprobación, en diciembre de 2019, de la Ley de Solidaridad Social y Reactivación Productiva (Ley N ° 27.541). La tragedia económica y social generada por la pandemia actual está poniendo enorme presión sobre los recursos y servicios públicos, lo que puede requerir una reevaluación de las medidas fiscales tomadas. El sector agropecuario es el principal exportador de Argentina, y una fuente de vitalidad productiva que puede ser aún más relevante para el país en el actual contexto recesivo mundial. Por ende, es importante asegurar que pueda sostener su dinamismo productivo, para mantener el empleo y la seguridad alimentaria en el país. Al mismo tiempo los DEXs se han constituido en una fuente significativa de los ingresos del sector público, actualmente afectados por la pandemia. Además de los aspectos fiscales, las retenciones también tienen efectos relevantes en la asignación de recursos productivos y decisiones de inversión, alterando patrones de producción, ingresos, empleo, precios relativos, inversión e innovación no solamente en el sector, sino a nivel de toda la economía. Además, esas intervenciones tienen impactos en la pobreza nacional y la seguridad alimentaria, así como una serie de variables macroeconómicas, incluyendo el déficit fiscal y la sostenibilidad de la deuda, la balanza comercial, el tipo de cambio, y el nivel de precios. Tomando nota del complejo contexto político y de debates de políticas, este trabajo se centra estrictamente en los aspectos técnico-económicos y sociales. Se trata de evaluar los impactos de un impuesto, que, como toda intervención de política económica, debe ser analizada considerando a) la na-turaleza del problema que se trata de resolver; b) los objetivos buscados; c) la relación entre los instrumentos (en este caso el derecho de exportación) y esos objetivos buscados, y d) los costos y beneficios globales (sistémicos) de la intervención. El objetivo general de este análisis es aportar elementos cuantitativos que ayuden a una mejor comprensión de los efectos que tienen los DEXs sobre la economía argentina y el sector agropecuario, y así poder ser un insumo en las decisiones de política económica del gobierno. Aquí se analizan distintas configuraciones de los DEXs, dependiendo de los diferentes niveles de tasas y productos definidos por el Gobierno de Argentina para estos impuestos, mediante el uso de un modelo económico global (desarrollado por el IFRPI), que incluye una representación completa de la economía argentina y de sus relaciones internacionales de comercio y financieras. Los escenarios analizados se proyectan por diez años. Otro nivel de trabajo (por un equipo diferente de técnicos) se focaliza en el estudio microeconómico del impacto inmediato de los DEXs sobre diferentes tipos de productores y regiones. Estos son los impactos directos, sin considerar los efectos generales de los DEXs sobre la economía, que a su vez también afectan a los productores individuales en sucesivas rondas de causalidad. Ambos enfoques, el sistémico de este trabajo, y el basado en el análisis de una tipología de productores individuales, son complementarios y deben ser considerados en conjunto. Este documento está estructurado de la siguiente manera. Primero, se presentan algunos breves antecedentes sobre el uso de DEXs. Segundo, se hace una revisión de los estudios realizados para la Argentina sobre el impacto de los DEXs, explicando sus diferencias en metodologías, escenarios, y bases de datos. Tercero, se discuten diferentes argumentos que han sido utilizados para usar DEXs y de otras variables a considerar en los escenarios. Cuarto, se explican el modelo y las especificaciones utilizadas para una serie de variables claves y mecanismos de operación de mercados. Quinto, se muestran los resultados de las simulaciones. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones.
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017
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Author : WWAP
language : en
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
Release Date : 2017-03-15
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017 written by WWAP and has been published by UNESCO Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-15 with Education categories.
The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members and 38 Partners to publish The United Nations World Water Development Report, (WWDR) series. The annual World Water Development Reports focus on strategic water issues. UN-Water Members and Partners, all experts in their respective fields, contribute the latest findings on a specific theme. The 2017 edition of the World Water Development Report focuses on 'Wastewater' and seeks to inform decision-makers, inside and outside the water community, about the importance of managing wastewater as an undervalued and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable by-products, rather than something to be disposed of or a nuisance to be ignored. The report's title - Wastewater: The Untapped Resource - reflects the critical role that wastewater is poised to play in the context of a circular economy, whereby economic development is balanced with the protection of natural resources and environmental sustainability, and where a cleaner and more sustainable economy has a positive effect on the water quality. Improved wastewater management is not only critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), but also to other goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Financial Inclusion Of Small Rural Producers
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Author : Francisco G. Villarreal
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2017
Financial Inclusion Of Small Rural Producers written by Francisco G. Villarreal and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Political Science categories.
There is mounting empirical evidence that the responsible provision and use of formal financial services have a positive impact on household well-being and enterprise performance. At the individual level, financial inclusion benefits rural households and small producers by facilitating the safe accumulation of assets, enabling them to leverage those assets in order to invest in human and physical capital, and supporting better risk management. The positive effects at the aggregate level are associated with better allocation of scarce resources among different activities. Despite recent progress on different aspects of financial inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean, large gaps remain, especially in rural areas, which have been historically neglected by traditional providers of financial services. This book describes how these gaps have evolved recently in five countries --Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Mexico-- that are at different stages of designing and implementing comprehensive financial inclusion strategies. Then, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the institutional architecture available, it identifies the main barriers preventing small rural producers from accessing and making effective use of the various financial services on offer, with a view to making policy recommendations for overcoming these limitations.
Foreign Direct Investment For Development Maximising Benefits Minimising Costs
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2002-09-24
Foreign Direct Investment For Development Maximising Benefits Minimising Costs written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-24 with categories.
Provides a comprehensive review of the issues related to the impact of FDI on development as well as to the policies needed to maximise the benefits.
Dominant Elites In Latin America
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Author : Liisa L. North
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-18
Dominant Elites In Latin America written by Liisa L. North and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-18 with Political Science categories.
This volume examines the ways in which the socio-economic elites of the region have transformed and expanded the material bases of their power from the inception of neo-liberal policies in the 1970s through to the so-called progressive ‘pink tide’ governments of the past two decades. The six case study chapters—on Chile, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, El Salvador, and Guatemala—variously explore how state policies and even United Nations peace-keeping missions have enhanced elite control of land and agricultural exports, banks and insurance companies, wholesale and import commerce, industrial activities, and alliances with foreign capital. Chapters also pay attention to the ways in which violence has been deployed to maintain elite power, and how international forces feed into sustaining historic and contemporary configurations of power.
Reframing The Problem Of Climate Change
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Author : Klaus Hasselmann
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Reframing The Problem Of Climate Change written by Klaus Hasselmann and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Political Science categories.
This book provides an evaluation of the science and policy debates on climate change and offers a reframing of the challenges they pose, as understood by key international experts and players in the field. It also gives an important and original perspective on interpreting climate action and provides compelling evidence of the weakness of arguments that frame climate policy as a win-or-lose situation. At the same time, the book goes beyond providing yet another description of climate change trends and policy processes. Its goal is to make available, in a series of in-depth reflections and insights by key international figures representing science, business, finance and civil society, what is really needed to link knowledge to action. Different contributions convincingly show that it is time – and possible – to reframe the climate debate in a completely new light, perhaps as a system transformative attractor for new green growth, sustainable development, and technological innovation. Reframing the Problem of Climate Change reflects a deep belief that dealing with climate change does not have to be a zero sum game, with winners and losers. The contributors argue that our societies can learn to respond to the challenge it presents and avoid both human suffering and large scale destruction of ecosystems; and that this does not necessarily require economic sacrifice. Therefore, it is vital reading for students, academics and policy makers involved in the debate surrounding climate change.
Biofuel Support Policies An Economic Assessment
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2008-08-25
Biofuel Support Policies An Economic Assessment written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-25 with categories.
This report shows that the high level of policy support contributes little to reduced greenhouse-gas emissions and other policy objectives, while it adds to a range of factors that raise international prices for food commodities.
E Enterprise
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Author : Faisal Hoque
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-02-28
E Enterprise written by Faisal Hoque and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-02-28 with Business & Economics categories.
E-commerce is still a new and volatile industry, but each day a new enterprise pops up promising to be the next big thing. The real challenge is to understand what is involved in using the Internet as a means to building a successful business. Rather than coming up with marketing hooks and product innovations, e-Enterprise: Architecting Enterprises with E-Business Models and Components demystifies E-Commerce and describes how a business should determine its own future by taking the next step and becoming an agile "e-Enterprise." Faisal Hoque introduces the concept of high-level abstraction of business processes and application functionality that result in reusable business and technology components. He provides a methodology that is critical for all business leaders and technologists trying to build an enterprise on the Internet.
Inflation Stabilization
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Author : World Institute for Development Economics Research
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1988
Inflation Stabilization written by World Institute for Development Economics Research and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Business & Economics categories.
Rampant inflation is a major economic problem in many of the less developed countries; two out of three attempts to stabilize these economies fail. Inflation Stabilization provides a valuable description and a critical analysis of the disinflation programs introduced in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Israel in 1985-86, and discusses the possibility of such a program in Mexico. It documents the initial steps in stabilization as well as the reasons for failure.As architects of the programs, several of the authors are in key positions to assess which aspects were critical in getting the programs accepted and where to look for difficulties and failures. In Israel, inflation was halted without recession. The challenge to policy makers today is in shifting from stabilization to the revival of sustained growth. This experience is described fully by Michael Bruno and Sylvia Piterman, who examine the critical issue of exchange rates, and by Alex Cukierman, who uses modeling to analyze the interaction of money, wages, prices, and activity under rational expectations that take the government's policy objectives into account.Endemic inflation and a sudden increase in external debt burden Argentina's economy, raising the wider issues of high inflation economies and stabilization that are discussed in the chapter by José Luis Machinea and that by Guido Di Tella and Alfredo Canavese.Eduardo Modiano and Mario Simonsen take up issues of wages in Brazil, particularly the problem of finding an equitable way to deal with a wage freeze; Simonsen develops an ambitious game theoretic rationalization of incomes policy as a coordinating device for imperfectly competitive economies. Bolivia did reach hyperinflation (price increases of more than 50 percent each month) before stabilizing. Juan Antonio Morales shows how stabilizing the exchange rate, in an economy where all pricing was already geared to the dollar, achieved stabilization without a wage or price freeze. And Francisco Gil Diaz asks whether an incomes-policy based program could work to control ever increasing inflation in Mexico.
Business Politics And The State In Twentieth Century Latin America
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Author : Ben Ross Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-08-16
Business Politics And The State In Twentieth Century Latin America written by Ben Ross Schneider and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-16 with Business & Economics categories.
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