Differences Between Politeness And Impoliteness Based On The Example Of Polish And English Speakers
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Differences Between Politeness And Impoliteness Based On The Example Of Polish And English Speakers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2022-09-14
Differences Between Politeness And Impoliteness Based On The Example Of Polish And English Speakers written by and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-14 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,7, University of Potsdam, language: English, abstract: In every culture, the individuals behave according to some cultural norms of the society. However, when it comes to politeness and impoliteness, those notions are dictated by the culture and language, but also personal feelings of an individual. The aim of this paper is to establish the differences between the forms of politeness and impoliteness between the Western and Eastern European culture. The representatives of Poland and United Kingdom tend to different linguistic and behavioral choices, when in particular circumstances. Speakers from Great Britain and Poland have been interviewed, in order to establish whether their idea of politeness and impoliteness is culture-based or depends rather on the individual himself. Moreover, the behavioral and linguistic pattern of the individuals was evaluated to find out, whether there are certain guidelines of politeness in the given culture.
Impoliteness In Language
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Author : Derek Bousfield
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-09-25
Impoliteness In Language written by Derek Bousfield and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-25 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The volume addresses the enormous imbalance that exists between academic interest in politeness phenomena when compared to impoliteness phenomena. Researchers working with Brown and Levinson's ([1978] 1987) seminal work on politeness rarely focused explicitly on impoliteness. As a result, only one aspect of facework/relational work has been studied in detail. Next to this research desideratum, politeness research is on the move again, with alternative conceptions of politeness to those of Brown and Levinson being further developed. In this volume researchers present, discuss and explore the concept of linguistic impoliteness, the crucial differences and interconnectedness between lay understandings of impoliteness and the academic concept within a theory of facework/relational work, as well as the exercise of power that is involved when impoliteness occurs. The authors offer solid discussions of the theoretical issues involved and draw on data from political interaction, interaction with legally constituted authorities, workplace interaction in the factory and the office, code-switching and Internet practices. The collection offers inspiration for research on impoliteness in many different research fields, such as (critical) discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics and stylistics, as well as linguistic approaches to studies in conflict and conflict resolution.
On Apologising In Negative And Positive Politeness Cultures
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Author : Eva Ogiermann
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2009
On Apologising In Negative And Positive Politeness Cultures written by Eva Ogiermann and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book investigates how speakers of English, Polish and Russian deal with offensive situations. It reveals culture-specific perceptions of what counts as an apology and what constitutes politeness. It offers a critical discussion of Brown and Levinson's theory and provides counterevidence to the correlation between indirectness and politeness underlying their theory. Their theory is applied to two languages that rely less heavily on indirectness in conveying politeness than does English, and to a speech act that does not become more polite through indirectness. An analysis of the face considerations involved in apologising shows that in contrast to disarming apologies, remedial apologies are mainly directed towards positive face needs, which are crucial for the restoration of social equilibrium and maintenance of relationships. The data show that while English apologies are characterised by a relatively strong focus on both interlocutors negative face, Polish apologies display a particular concern for positive face. For Russian speakers, in contrast, apologies seem to involve a lower degree of face threat than they do in the other two languages."
Politeness In German And In English Differences In The Everyday Language
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Author : Leonie Quicker
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2023-05-08
Politeness In German And In English Differences In The Everyday Language written by Leonie Quicker and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-08 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: In this term paper, the main differences between English and German in terms of politeness will be further explained and analysed, based on the use of the politeness markers "Bitte" and "Please". There appear to be an assumption that Germans use more often the direct and unfriendly approach while requesting something from someone, whereas English tend to indirectly ask the other person to do something by using a more formal and polite way. This possible difference may lead to problems especially for Germans while learning English, since they may appear rude without even knowing the reason. However, this term paper shall prove whether this thesis is true or not by analysing 100 samples from the English and German corpus each and comparing those results with different data and studies. In our everyday life, we try to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings as much as we possibly can to protect our own image and the one we are talking to. However, the inevitability of such problems causes people to be excessively tactful in order to maintain a positive communication with other people. But the tactfulness may differ depending on several circumstances, for example its cultural surroundings. While it is possible to use the third singular and third plural form "you" to speak to a higher standing person in English, there is a difference in German when using "Du" and "Sie". This issue and other different aspects can lead to difficulties of intercultural communication or even by starting to learn a new foreign language. This is why this subject is important to understand in order to talk to people appropriately and accordingly, so that miscommunication can be minimized as much as possible. Even if you can speak a language perfectly, there is still a possibility that you will be misunderstood.
Impoliteness In Interaction
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Author : Derek Bousfield
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2008-01-09
Impoliteness In Interaction written by Derek Bousfield and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-09 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role.
Politeness In The History Of English
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Author : Andreas Jucker
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-04-16
Politeness In The History Of English written by Andreas Jucker and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
From the Middle Ages up to the present day, this book traces politeness in the history of the English language.
The Politeness Impoliteness Divide
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Author : Saida Anssari-Naim
language : en
Publisher: Universitat de València
Release Date : 2016-06-13
The Politeness Impoliteness Divide written by Saida Anssari-Naim and has been published by Universitat de València this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Historical Im Politeness
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Author : Jonathan Culpeper
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang
Release Date : 2010
Historical Im Politeness written by Jonathan Culpeper and has been published by Peter Lang this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electronic books categories.
This edited collection investigates historical linguistic politeness and impoliteness. Although some research has been undertaken uniting politeness and historical pragmatics, it has been sporadic at best, and often limited to traditional theoretical approaches. This is a strange state of affairs, because politeness plays a central role in the social dynamics of language. This collection, containing contributions from renowned experts, aims to fill this hiatus, bringing together cutting-edge research. Not only does it illuminate the language usage of earlier periods, but by examining the past it places politeness today in context. Such a diachronic perspective also affords a further test-bed for current models of politeness. This volume provides insights into historical aspects of language, particularly items regularly deployed for politeness functions, and the social, particularly interpersonal, contexts with which it interacts. It also sheds light on how (social) meanings are dynamically constructed in situ, and probes various theoretical aspects of politeness. Its papers deploy a range of multilingual (e. g. English, Spanish, Italian and Chinese) diachronic data drawn from different genres such as letters, dramas, witch trials and manners books. --Book Jacket.
Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study
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Author : Svetla Rogatcheva
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2004-10-11
Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study written by Svetla Rogatcheva and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-11 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.7 (A-), University of Bayreuth (UB Bayreuth), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Almo st all linguistic research views politeness as a universal feature of civilized societies, regardless of their background culture, or their language. Politeness is thus seen as an important social or ‘urbane’ value, inherent to successful communication, although its realization may vary across the different speech communities. Politeness offers a good way of emotional control of the individual (House and Kasper, 1981: 158), and is typically means of preserving and maintaining good social relationship between the speakers of one or more cultures. Polite behaviour generally protects the individual, as well as their addressee, and often becomes subject matter of self- help books on etiquette, especially in cases when people belong to a specific hierarchy (roya l court, business company etc). The verbal realization of politeness poses even greater problems when the interlocutors belong to different cultures and try to communicate, transferring their pragmatic knowledge of polite behaviour into the foreign langua ge. Lack of practice and the learners’ concern with rendering correctly the foreign language’s grammatical structures in the first place often lead to misunderstandings, or the so-called ‘socio-pragmatic failures’ (Thomas, 1983)- ‘ errors resulting from no n- native speakers not knowing what to say or not saying the appropriate things as a result of transferring incongruent social rules, values and belief systems from their native languages and cultures’. These types of errors are likely to cause a downright insult for both the non- native and the native speakers of a certain language, the native speakers misunderstanding and misinterpreting the intentions of the non- native speaker, and the nonnative speakers being over-sensitive to ‘distinctions of grammatical form’ (Brown and Levinson 1996: 35), in a way the native speakers are not. In any case, being polite is essential to maintaining healthy social relations within a specific culture, and even more so, for the communication across cultures. Cross-cultural communication offers a wide field for research, as the socio-pragmatic failure of one speaker of a certain community tends to be stereotyped for the whole community (Knapp-Potthoff 1992: 203), consequently labeling a nation as rude, over-polite, insincere etc. [...]
Politeness Across Cultures
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Author : F. Bargiela-Chiappini
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-12-08
Politeness Across Cultures written by F. Bargiela-Chiappini and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-08 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This is the first edited collection to examine politeness in a wide range of diverse cultures. Most essays draw on empirical data from a wide variety of languages, including some key-languages in politeness research, such as English, and Japanese, as well as some lesser-studied languages, such as Georgian.