Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study
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Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study
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Author : Svetla Rogatcheva
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2004-10-11
Politeness In English And German A Contrastive Study written by Svetla Rogatcheva and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-11 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.7 (A-), University of Bayreuth (UB Bayreuth), course: Contrastive Linguistics, 7 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Almo st all linguistic research views politeness as a universal feature of civilized societies, regardless of their background culture, or their language. Politeness is thus seen as an important social or ‘urbane’ value, inherent to successful communication, although its realization may vary across the different speech communities. Politeness offers a good way of emotional control of the individual (House and Kasper, 1981: 158), and is typically means of preserving and maintaining good social relationship between the speakers of one or more cultures. Polite behaviour generally protects the individual, as well as their addressee, and often becomes subject matter of self- help books on etiquette, especially in cases when people belong to a specific hierarchy (roya l court, business company etc). The verbal realization of politeness poses even greater problems when the interlocutors belong to different cultures and try to communicate, transferring their pragmatic knowledge of polite behaviour into the foreign langua ge. Lack of practice and the learners’ concern with rendering correctly the foreign language’s grammatical structures in the first place often lead to misunderstandings, or the so-called ‘socio-pragmatic failures’ (Thomas, 1983)- ‘ errors resulting from no n- native speakers not knowing what to say or not saying the appropriate things as a result of transferring incongruent social rules, values and belief systems from their native languages and cultures’. These types of errors are likely to cause a downright insult for both the non- native and the native speakers of a certain language, the native speakers misunderstanding and misinterpreting the intentions of the non- native speaker, and the nonnative speakers being over-sensitive to ‘distinctions of grammatical form’ (Brown and Levinson 1996: 35), in a way the native speakers are not. In any case, being polite is essential to maintaining healthy social relations within a specific culture, and even more so, for the communication across cultures. Cross-cultural communication offers a wide field for research, as the socio-pragmatic failure of one speaker of a certain community tends to be stereotyped for the whole community (Knapp-Potthoff 1992: 203), consequently labeling a nation as rude, over-polite, insincere etc. [...]
A Critical Evaluation Of Politeness Research In English And German
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Author : Friederike Brons
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-01-25
A Critical Evaluation Of Politeness Research In English And German written by Friederike Brons and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-25 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, University of Wuppertal (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), language: English, abstract: As a way of establishing a general framework of the development of politeness research, I will give an overview of different theories: the first being the conversationalist maxim view, including the work of Grice, Lakoff and Leech; and the second being the face- saving view of politeness, including Brown and Levinson's model. Then, I will investigate how politeness is realised in German and English. For this purpose, I will firstly consider cultural specificities that determine linguistic politeness, examining dimensions of cross- cultural difference as proposed by Juliane House and critically evaluate these dimensions. Secondly, I will look at how politeness is reflected in the realisation of the speech act of request, drawing on results from a contrastive study on politeness markers by Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper. These will subsequently be compared to findings gained in other empirical works. Following the critical evaluation, I will also take a closer look at the significant role of modal particles in the modification of requests in order to account for some of the prevalent linguistic choices observed in the contrastive study. Finally, the paper ends with a summarising conclusion.
A Critical Evaluation Of Politeness Research In English And German
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Author : Friederike Brons
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2012-02
A Critical Evaluation Of Politeness Research In English And German written by Friederike Brons and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, University of Wuppertal (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), language: English, abstract: As a way of establishing a general framework of the development of politeness research, I will give an overview of different theories: the first being the conversationalist maxim view, including the work of Grice, Lakoff and Leech; and the second being the face- saving view of politeness, including Brown and Levinson's model. Then, I will investigate how politeness is realised in German and English. For this purpose, I will firstly consider cultural specificities that determine linguistic politeness, examining dimensions of cross- cultural difference as proposed by Juliane House and critically evaluate these dimensions. Secondly, I will look at how politeness is reflected in the realisation of the speech act of request, drawing on results from a contrastive study on politeness markers by Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper. These will subsequently be compared to findings gained in other empirical works. Following the critical evaluation, I will also take a closer look at the significant role of modal particles in the modification of requests in order to account for some of the prevalent linguistic choices observed in the contrastive study. Finally, the paper ends with a summarising conclusion.
Politeness In German And In English Differences In The Everyday Language
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Author : Leonie Quicker
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2023-05-08
Politeness In German And In English Differences In The Everyday Language written by Leonie Quicker and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-08 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: In this term paper, the main differences between English and German in terms of politeness will be further explained and analysed, based on the use of the politeness markers "Bitte" and "Please". There appear to be an assumption that Germans use more often the direct and unfriendly approach while requesting something from someone, whereas English tend to indirectly ask the other person to do something by using a more formal and polite way. This possible difference may lead to problems especially for Germans while learning English, since they may appear rude without even knowing the reason. However, this term paper shall prove whether this thesis is true or not by analysing 100 samples from the English and German corpus each and comparing those results with different data and studies. In our everyday life, we try to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings as much as we possibly can to protect our own image and the one we are talking to. However, the inevitability of such problems causes people to be excessively tactful in order to maintain a positive communication with other people. But the tactfulness may differ depending on several circumstances, for example its cultural surroundings. While it is possible to use the third singular and third plural form "you" to speak to a higher standing person in English, there is a difference in German when using "Du" and "Sie". This issue and other different aspects can lead to difficulties of intercultural communication or even by starting to learn a new foreign language. This is why this subject is important to understand in order to talk to people appropriately and accordingly, so that miscommunication can be minimized as much as possible. Even if you can speak a language perfectly, there is still a possibility that you will be misunderstood.
Thanking Behavior Across Turkish And German Native Speakers
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Author : Bünyamin Yuvarlak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-02-18
Thanking Behavior Across Turkish And German Native Speakers written by Bünyamin Yuvarlak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-18 with categories.
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Bonn (Institut für Anglistik, Amerikanistik und Keltologie), course: Intercultural Communication, language: English, abstract: The present study compares the thanking behavior across native speakers of Turkish and German and aims to discover similarities or differences based on the form and function of the respective realization strategies. The main focus of the research is to find out if each of the two cultures is oriented towards positive or negative politeness based on an analysis of expressions of thanks functioning as a speech act. In the past, both the Turkish and the German language have been studied in terms of thanking behavior and politeness orientations, but little to no research has been conducted in comparing the languages in these aspects. It is hoped that the contrastive study at hand provides relevant results regarding differences in thanking behavior and politeness orientations between Turkish and German culture.
Multilingual Communication
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Author : Juliane House
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2004
Multilingual Communication written by Juliane House and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In a world of increasing migration and technological progress, multilingual communication has become the rule rather than the exception. This book reflects the growing interest in understanding communication between members of different linguistic groups and contains a collection of original papers by members of the German Science Foundation's research center on multilingualism at Hamburg University and by international experts, offering an overview of the most important research fields in multilingual communication. The book is divided into four sections dealing with interpreting and translation, code-switching in various institutional contexts, two important strands of multilingual communication: rapport and politeness, and contrastive studies of Japanese and German grammar and discourse. The editor's preface presents the relevant theoretical and methodological background to the issues discussed in this book and points to useful directions for future research.
Responding To Compliments In German And American English
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Author : Kristina Grasmik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-07-13
Responding To Compliments In German And American English written by Kristina Grasmik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-13 with categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Comparative Literature, grade: 2,7, University of Dusseldorf "Heinrich Heine," language: English, abstract: This paper has two aims: At first, to find out whether the German responses respectively results differ from Chen's American English ones or whether there are similarities. Secondly to interpret the results according to the two cultures and to show that there are more similarities than differences between the two cultures. In the next section the theoretical background of this term paper will be explained with a definition of politeness as well as a definition of a compliment. As already mentioned, there will be a description of Leech's Politeness Principle and Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness which will be linked to the comparison of the two cultures. To make a comparison possible between American English speakers and German speakers, the same methodology as Chen's will be presented, which will be the next section. The step after the methodology will be the illustration of the findings. The comparison of the data with an interpretation according to both cultures will be included in the discussion section. At the end will be a short conclusion of the whole study. If you are in a foreign country, you try to be polite. But what exactly is politeness? Maybe you have already noticed that not in every country respectively culture you find the same understanding of politeness, which can lead to misunderstandings between people from different cultures. Hence many linguists try to compare the understanding of politeness of different cultures and countries with the aid of some researches and some politeness theories. The most important and popular politeness theories are those of Brown and Levinson, Leech and Grice, which will help to understand and group the findings into categories. Later on, some of them will be defined. The comparison between American English and G
Contrastive Corpus Linguistics
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Author : Anna Cermakova
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2024-05-02
Contrastive Corpus Linguistics written by Anna Cermakova and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Marking 30 years of contrastive corpus linguistics, this volume provides a state-of-the-art of the field, charting its development over time and expanding the boundaries of the discipline. Focusing on a diversity of methods and approaches to language comparison, it uses both comparable and translation corpora, and explores a broad range of language registers from newspaper reporting and spoken political discourse to film scripts and football match reports. Using English as the pivot language for each chapter, the volume offers contrastive bilingual and trilingual perspectives on a number of languages, including Czech, Finnish, French, German, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish, covering a typologically diverse field. By exploring the application of complex multi-genre multilingual data sets and expanding the horizons of contrastive studies, it demonstrates how a juxtaposition of cross-linguistic and register variation can deepen our insight into language variation and use. The volume is dedicated to two prominent contrastive corpus linguists: Karin Aijmer and Bengt Altenberg, who have decisively shaped the discipline from its very beginnings. The book opens with a chapter by Aijmer, reflecting on the current breadth and future prospects of research in the area while pointing to emergent trends with an insight that only she can offer.
Studies In Comparative Pragmatics
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Author : Juhani Härmä
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2019-10-24
Studies In Comparative Pragmatics written by Juhani Härmä and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In the current discourse in pragmatics, multi-perspective methods are seen as the best way to understand language use in context. Within this discussion, the volume adopts diverse approaches to pragmatics, and focuses on comparing a wide selection of languages, including English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Japanese, Polish, and Swedish. The contributions deal with grammatical expressions, prosody, textual genres and speech acts, which occur in different social interactions and in multicultural environments, including foreign language learning and lingua franca situations. Each topic is analysed by comparing its usage in at least two different languages or by contrasting the linguistic behaviour of different groups of language users.
Politeness In Europe
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Author : Leo Hickey
language : en
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Politeness In Europe written by Leo Hickey and has been published by Multilingual Matters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Social Science categories.
Politeness as practised across 22 European societies, firmly set within critical debates developed since the 1980s, is here presented in ways related to concrete situations in which language-users interact with one another to achieve their goals. Areas covered include types of politeness, forms of address, negotiation and small-talk in various contexts.