Diminutive Constructions In English
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Diminutive Constructions In English
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Author : Dorota Gorzycka
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Release Date : 2020-04-30
Diminutive Constructions In English written by Dorota Gorzycka and has been published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with categories.
Diminutive constructions in English provides an analysis of form and meaning of English diminutives with selected suffixes and suffix combinations: -let, -ling, -ette, -er+ -s, -kin + -s, and -ie+ -kin +-s. The empirical study is done within the framework of Construction Grammar, Construction Morphology as depicted by Geert Booij (2010; 2013), and a Construction-Grammar-based approach to translation proposed by Izabela Szymańska (2011). On the basis of an exhaustive corpus of language material, the author proposes new schemas for English diminutives and related formations. Moreover, the work provides supporting evidence for the distinction of analytic A + N constructions as a valid type of diminutive formation in the English language.
That English Has No Diminutives Is A Common Myth Based On Klaus P Schneider S Book Diminutives In English
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Author : Monika Rusek
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-07-06
That English Has No Diminutives Is A Common Myth Based On Klaus P Schneider S Book Diminutives In English written by Monika Rusek and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-06 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Potsdam, language: English, abstract: Introduction Several attempts have been made to analyse diminutives. This essay will provide a morphological approach. Morphology, the study of word-formation was influenced by three main sources in the past and each of these sources has contributed to the study of diminutives. Now, the three sources Bauer (1988: 5) and Schneider (2003: 29) mention are a) the philological grammar or traditional grammar , b) the structuralist schools of Linguistics or structuralism , and b) the transformational grammar or generative grammar . My analysis will be based on the approach Bauer (1988) made, and additionally on the approach Schneider (2003) made. This essay focuses on synthetic diminutive formation in English. Questions like what are diminutives, what grammatical approaches have been made to diminutives, what are its formation processes and what is the meaning diminutives convey, are treated in the first section. The second section deals with some grammatical aspects of English diminutives such as the status of diminutives, the inventory of diminutive suffixation, the subclasses of diminutive suffixes, the historical variation of diminutives and finally their productivity. In the third section of this essay a close survey of four diminutive suffixes is provided. This survey tries to describe the rules and restrictions that govern diminutive formation. It is based on a pure morphological approach. The suffixes are analysed in detail, partial according to Bauer (1988) and partial according to Schneider (2003: 4.2 – 4.2.6). That means that the phonological shape of the suffix will be given and its different spellings if there are any. In addition, the history of the suffix, its formation rules for creating diminution, and finally its semantics are analysed, too. Afterwards, the fourth section shortly enters into the peculiarity of multiple and competing diminutives in English, giving the suffixes {KIN}, {POO}, and {POP} as examples. And at the end, I will provide a conclusion of my analysis that also states why an exclusively synthetic approach to diminutives is not sufficient when one wants to get to know the whole truth about English diminutive formation.
Diminutives In English
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Author : Klaus P. Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-10-24
Diminutives In English written by Klaus P. Schneider and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-24 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
That English has no diminutives is a common myth. The present study shows, however, that English does possess diminutives, and not only analytic but also synthetic diminutive markers. Analytic markers include, first and foremost, little, as well as other adjectives from the same word field, whereas the inventory of synthetic markers comprises suffixes as, for instance, -ie, -ette, -let, -kin, -een, -s, -er, -poo and -pegs. These markers are examined from a grammatical and a pragmatic perspective in an integrative formal-functional framework. The grammatical perspective involves phonological, morphological and semantic features, while the pragmatic perspective involves pragmalinguistic as well as sociopragmatic features on the levels of the speech act and larger interactive units in dialogue. The findings reveal that English diminutive suffixes are, in fact, among the most productive suffixes of the English language. While the suffixes share a number of features, each has developed its own profile, specifically regarding semantic and pragmatic features. In everyday conversation, there is a division of labour between the synthetic and the analytic type of formation concerning the communicative functions of diminutives and their distribution in discourse. The choice of formal device and its function depend crucially on pragmatic factors, notably on the illocution, the interactive status, the realisation strategy, and the politeness value of the utterances in which diminutives are employed, and also on the relationship between the interlocutors.
Category Change From A Constructional Perspective
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Author : Kristel Van Goethem
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2018-03-15
Category Change From A Constructional Perspective written by Kristel Van Goethem and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Category change, broadly defined as the shift from one word class to another, is often studied as part of other changes, such as grammaticalization or lexicalization, but not in its own right. This volume offers a survey of different types of category change and their properties, e.g. abrupt versus gradual changes, morphological versus syntactic changes, or context-independent versus context-sensitive changes. The purpose of this collection of papers is to explore the concepts of linguistic category and category change from the perspective of Construction Grammar. Using data from a variety of languages, the authors address a number of themes that are central to current theorizing about category change, such as the question of whether or not categories should be considered discrete entities, how new categories arise, or whether category change can be considered as the emergence of a new construction, i.e. a new form-meaning pairing. The novel approach advanced in this volume will be of interest to historical linguists as well as to general linguists working on the nature of linguistic categories.
Cognitive Modelling In Language And Discourse Across Cultures
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Author : Annalisa Baicchi
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2017-08-21
Cognitive Modelling In Language And Discourse Across Cultures written by Annalisa Baicchi and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume deals with core issues in figurative language and figurative thought. It also explores areas of convergence between idealised cognitive models and language across fourteen European and non-European languages (Croatian, English, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Persian, Polish, Russian, Old Saxon, Sicilian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish). The collection foregrounds the relationship that holds between literalness and figurativeness in meaning construction, it emphasises the role of conceptual metonymy and metaphor as the main cognitive tools at work in inferential activity and as generators of discourse ties, and it also depicts the import of cognitive models in the production and interpretation of multimodal communication. In addition, a number of more specific topics are addressed from different perspectives, such as language variation and cultural models, the argumentative role of metaphor in discourse and the role of empirical work in cognitive linguistics.
The Construction Of Words
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Author : Geert Booij
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-04-13
The Construction Of Words written by Geert Booij and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume focuses on detailed studies of various aspects of Construction Morphology, and combines theoretical analysis and descriptive detail. It deals with data from several domains of linguistics and contributes to an integration of findings from various subdisciplines of linguistics into a common model of the architecture of language. It presents applications and extensions of the model of Construction Morphology to a wide range of languages. Construction Morphology is one of the theoretical paradigms in present-day morphology. It makes use of concepts of Construction Grammar for the analysis of word formation and inflection. Complex words are seen as constructions, that is, pairs of form and meaning. Morphological patterns are accounted for by construction schemas. These are the recipes for coining new words and word forms, and they motivate the properties of existing complex words. Both schemas and individual words are stored, and hence there is no strict separation of lexicon and grammar. In addition to abstract schemas there are subschemas for subclasses of complex words with specific properties. This architecture of the grammar is in harmony with findings from other empirical domains of linguistics such as language acquisition, word processing, and language change.
Exploring Language Through Contrast
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Author : Tomasz Fojt
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2012-11-30
Exploring Language Through Contrast written by Tomasz Fojt and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-30 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The volume portrays a panorama of recent linguistic research in Poland in terms of comparison and juxtaposition as driving forces in an attempt to grasp descriptive and explanatory aspects of linguistic use and organization. The spectrum of contributions spans all the levels of language. The constellation of methodological perspectives juxtaposes the generative theory and recent developments in cognitive linguistics, synchronic and diachronic perspectives, and a measure of freedom has also been allocated to a more traditional structurally-oriented and/or eclectic spirit. The notions of comparison and contrast have become the major force and the common denominator for all contributions in the service of explicating the central and the focal from what appears nebulous. A well-documented discussion on horizontal bonds between phonological primes and a refreshing new attempt to handle the phonology of Old English i-umlaut are complemented with equally illuminating topics in derivational morphology such as grinding, diminutives, suffix distributional preferences and compound nouns. In a similar fashion, drawing upon the fundamental phenomenon of dynamic alternating processes, syntactic topics focus on such problems as grammatical constructions with locatum verbs, the status of English NPN forms and a new typology of Old English verbs. Cognitively grounded phenomena are handled with equal zest, and range across the vast territory of backstage cognition: from the ‘slip-of-the-tongue’, through novelty of meaning achieved through collocation/construction environment, to a discussion on the emergence of metaphorical senses in Old English lexical concepts for ‘fire’ and ‘light’. This stage inevitably leads us to further juxtapositions championed in the volume embracing subjectification and objectification in viewing arrangement, as well as dynamically anchored viewing impositions of ‘the self’ of the textual narrator. The contributions dealing with levels of discourse aspire to bring us closer to goals and norms in politeness and co-operation strategies, and also to an in-depth analysis of stylistic features based on corpora. The coda falls onto normative linguistics and thus closes the territory of contrast and juxtaposition. It provides an insight into how a reflective thespian and a devoted linguist differ in viewing language without compromising the status and validity of their respective stances.
Cognitive Approaches To Pedagogical Grammar
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Author : Sabine De Knop
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-08-27
Cognitive Approaches To Pedagogical Grammar written by Sabine De Knop and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In the last 25 years foreign language teaching has been able to increase its efficiency through an orientation towards authentic language materials, pragmatic language functions and interactive learning methods. However, so far foreign language teaching has lacked a sufficiently strong theoretical framework to support the teaching of language in all its aspects. Arguably, such a linguistic theory has to be usage-based and cognition-oriented. Since cognitive linguistics - and especially cognitive grammar - is concerned with conceptual issues against the larger background of human cognition and because it is based on actual language use, it becomes a powerful tool for dealing adequately with the main issues of a pedagogical grammar. A pedagogical grammar aims at providing all the essential linguistic patterns considered relevant by theoretical and descriptive linguistics for the preparation of teaching materials and their exploitation in foreign language instruction. The volume contains thirteen contributions organized into three parts. In Part 1 Langacker, Taylor and Broccias introduce the basic grammar concepts, rules and models that are available in cognitive linguistics and which are directly relevant to the construction of a pedagogical grammar. Meunier, on the other hand, describes how such a grammar could benefit from corpus linguistics. Part 2 looks at some cognitive tools and conceptual errors with contributions by Danesi and Maldonado and also reconsiders contrastive analysis in the papers by Ruiz de Mendoza and Valenzuela & Rojo. Part 3, finally, discusses language-specific constraints on a number of linguistic phenomena such as the construal of motion events (papers by Cadierno and De Knop & Dirven), distinctions in the tense-aspect system (papers by Niemeier & Reif and Schmiedtová & Flecken), and voice (Chen & Oller).
That English Has No Diminutives Is A Common Myth Based On Klaus P Schneider S Book Diminutives In English
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Author : Monika Rusek
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2008-03
That English Has No Diminutives Is A Common Myth Based On Klaus P Schneider S Book Diminutives In English written by Monika Rusek and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03 with categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Potsdam, 4 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Introduction Several attempts have been made to analyse diminutives. This essay will provide a morphological approach. Morphology, the study of word-formation was influenced by three main sources in the past and each of these sources has contributed to the study of diminutives. Now, the three sources Bauer (1988: 5) and Schneider (2003: 29) mention are a) the philological grammar or traditional grammar, b) the structuralist schools of Linguistics or structuralism, and b) the transformational grammar or generative grammar . My analysis will be based on the approach Bauer (1988) made, and additionally on the approach Schneider (2003) made. This essay focuses on synthetic diminutive formation in English. Questions like what are diminutives, what grammatical approaches have been made to diminutives, what are its formation processes and what is the meaning diminutives convey, are treated in the first section. The second section deals with some grammatical aspects of English diminutives such as the status of diminutives, the inventory of diminutive suffixation, the subclasses of diminutive suffixes, the historical variation of diminutives and finally their productivity. In the third section of this essay a close survey of four diminutive suffixes is provided. This survey tries to describe the rules and restrictions that govern diminutive formation. It is based on a pure morphological approach. The suffixes are analysed in detail, partial according to Bauer (1988) and partial according to Schneider (2003: 4.2 - 4.2.6). That means that the phonological shape of the suffix will be given and its different spellings if there are any. In addition, the history of the suffix, its formation rules for creating diminution, and finally its semantics are analysed, too. Afterwards, the f
The Linguistic Legacy Of Spanish And Portuguese
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Author : J. Clancy Clements
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-03-26
The Linguistic Legacy Of Spanish And Portuguese written by J. Clancy Clements and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The historical spread of Spanish and Portuguese throughout the world provides a rich source of data for linguists studying how languages evolve and change. This volume analyses the development of Portuguese and Spanish from Latin and their subsequent transformation into several non-standard varieties. These varieties include Portuguese- and Spanish-based creoles, Bozal Spanish and Chinese Coolie Spanish in Cuba, Chinese Immigrant Spanish, Andean Spanish, and Barranquenho, a Portuguese variety on the Portugal-Spain border. Clancy Clements demonstrates that grammar formation not only takes place in parent-to-child communication, but also, importantly, in adult-to-adult communication. He argues that cultural identity is also an important factor in language formation and maintenance, especially in the cases of Portuguese, Castilian, and Barranquenho. More generally, the contact varieties of Portuguese and Spanish have been shaped by demographics, by prestige, as well as by linguistic input, general cognitive abilities and limitations, and by the dynamics of speech community.