Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
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Identifying Quantifying And Proving Loss Of Productivity
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Author : American Society of Civil Engineers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Identifying Quantifying And Proving Loss Of Productivity written by American Society of Civil Engineers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Building failures categories.
"MOP 144 provides guidance and underlying framework for creating consistency across hazards, systems, and sectors in the design of new infrastructure systems and in enhancing the resilience of existing ones"--
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2022-04-01
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Infrastructure has played a critical role in Asia and the Pacific’s rapid economic growth. Roads, bridges, and power networks, among other assets, are part of people’s daily lives, and a foundation for their economic opportunity. But increasing disaster risks and climate change is forcing us to rethink how we manage infrastructure. This publication identifies opportunities to deliver resilient infrastructure across developing Asia. It takes a holistic view of practices that affect infrastructure resilience, including risk assessment, investment appraisal, and operation and maintenance across the life cycle of an asset, as well as overarching approaches to achieving system-wide resilience, financing, and governance objectives.
Resilient Infrastructure
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Author : Sreevalsa Kolathayar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-28
Resilient Infrastructure written by Sreevalsa Kolathayar and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the select proceedings of the Virtual Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (VCDRR 2021). This book discusses various relevant topics such as Disaster resilience and Infrastructure, Risk reduction and structural measures, Evidence based approach for DRR Case studies, Numerical modelling and Constructions methods, Prevention Methods and Safety Engineering, Cross cutting issue in DRR and Infrastructure etc. The book is also a comprehensive volume on multi-hazards and their management for a sustainable built environment. This book will be useful for academicians, research scholars and industry professionals working in the area of civil engineering and disaster management.
Disaster Resilience
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Author : National Academies
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-11-29
Disaster Resilience written by National Academies and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-29 with Science categories.
No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience-the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause.
Urban Disasters And Resilience In Asia
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Author : Rajib Shaw
language : en
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Release Date : 2016-01-06
Urban Disasters And Resilience In Asia written by Rajib Shaw and has been published by Butterworth-Heinemann this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-06 with Science categories.
Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia presents the latest information on the intensity and frequency of disasters. Specifically, the fact that, in urban areas, more than 50% of the world's population is living on just 2% of the land surface, with most of these cities located in Asia and developing countries that have high vulnerability and intensification. The book offers an in-depth and multidisciplinary approach to reducing the impact of disasters by examining specific evidence from events in these areas that can be used to develop best practices and increase urban resilience worldwide. As urban resilience is largely a function of resilient and resourceful citizens, building cities which are more resilient internally and externally can lead to more productive economic returns. In an era of rapid urbanization and increasing disaster risks and vulnerabilities in Asian cities, Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia is an invaluable tool for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners working in both public and private sectors. - Explores a broad range of aspects of disaster and urban resiliency, including environmental, economic, architectural, and engineering factors - Bridges the gap between urban resilience and rural areas and community building - Provides evidence-based data that can lead to improved disaster resiliency in urban Asia - Focuses on Asian cities, some of the most densely populated areas on the planet, where disasters are particularly devastating
Multilateral Development Bank Support For Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Systems
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2022-08-01
Multilateral Development Bank Support For Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Systems written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-01 with Science categories.
This publication explores how multilateral development banks (MDBs) can help improve infrastructure resilience in light of increasing climate and disaster risks. It highlights opportunities in three areas: (i) risk-informed planning; (ii) financing assistance that enables improvements in infrastructure resilience before, during, and after a disaster; and (iii) knowledge building through regional and global networks. Examples from around the world showcase some of the successes that have been achieved so far. The publication draws on a literature review, insights from stakeholders in developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank, and input from specialists in eight MDBs.
Resilient Structures And Infrastructure
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Author : Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-05-03
Resilient Structures And Infrastructure written by Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses resilience in terms of structures’ and infrastructures’ responses to extreme loading conditions. These include static and dynamic loads such as those generated by blasts, terrorist attacks, seismic events, impact loadings, progressive collapse, floods and wind. In the last decade, the concept of resilience and resilient-based structures has increasingly gained in interest among engineers and scientists. Resilience describes a given structure’s ability to withstand sudden shocks. In other words, it can be measured by the magnitude of shock that a system can tolerate. This book offers a valuable resource for the development of new engineering practices, codes and regulations, public policy, and investigation reports on resilience, and provides broad and integrated coverage of the effects of dynamic loadings, and of the modeling techniques used to compute the structural response to these loadings.
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Unlocking Opportunities For Asia And The Pacific
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Unlocking Opportunities For Asia And The Pacific written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Handbook On Climate Change And Disasters
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Author : Shaw, Rajib
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2022-10-13
Handbook On Climate Change And Disasters written by Shaw, Rajib and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-13 with Nature categories.
This comprehensive Handbook assesses the escalation of global natural disasters as a result of climate change. Examining the complex interplay of human and natural activities, it highlights the growing vulnerability of people and communities in developing countries to floods, landslides, cyclones, heat waves and wildfires.
Disaster Management Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam
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Author : Mocktime Publication
language : en
Publisher: by Mocktime Publication
Release Date : 101-01-01
Disaster Management Notes For Assistant Professor Ugc Nta Net Exam written by Mocktime Publication and has been published by by Mocktime Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Study Aids categories.
Syllabus: 1. Introduction to Disaster Management (DM): Key Terms, Definitions, Concepts (Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability, Exposure, Coping Capacity, Resilience, Conflict, Emergencies, and related terms); Disaster Cycle Phases; Applications of different concepts related to disaster; and Methods of Hazard, Vulnerability, and Capacity Assessment (HVCA). 2. Natural Hazards: Detailed Classification of Disaster, History of Disasters, Types of Natural Hazards (Earthquakes, Volcanism, Cyclones, Tsunamis, Floods, Droughts, Famines, Landslides, Avalanches, Glacial Lake Outburst Flood); Characteristics, Causes, and Damage Potential of different natural hazards. 3. Human-Induced Disasters, Vulnerability, and Risk Assessment: Classification of Man-made Disasters (Socio-Technical, Technological, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Disasters); Basics of Vulnerability and Risk Assessment and Management, Concepts of Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity, Analysis of Inherent and Chronic Vulnerabilities, Disaster Risk and its Associated Parameters, Disaster Risk Mitigation Measures, Early Warning Systems, and Common Alert Protocols (CAP). 4. Disaster Management in India: Hazard and Vulnerability Profile of India; Regional Aspects of Hazard, Risk, and Vulnerability; Emerging Paradigms and Recent Developments in Disaster Management. 5. Research - Meaning and Concepts: Definitions; Sources of Knowledge, History of Scientific Thought, Paradigm of Research; Theoretical Framework of Research; Types of Research (Social, Applied, Action, Participatory Research); Formulating Research Problem; Literature Review (Sources, Importance, Critical Literature Review, Identifying Gap Areas); Hypothesis (Different Types, Significance, Development of Working Hypothesis, Directional and Non-Directional Hypothesis); Validity & Reliability. 6. Research Design, Data Collection, Analysis, and Methods: Research Design (Basic Principles, Need, Features of Good Design, Important Concepts); Laws and Theories; Research Approaches; Developing a Research Plan; Determining Experimental and Sample Designs; Types of Research Methods; Methods, Sources, or Tools for Data Collection; Construction of Questionnaire, Interview Schedule, and Interview Guide; Sampling (Concepts, Types, Techniques); Variables; Data Processing; Data Analysis and Statistics; Methods of Hypothesis Testing; Type of Errors; Generalization and Interpretation of Data. 7. Ethical Considerations in Research: Ethical Issues in Research; Identifying and Avoiding Bias; Academic Integrity and Prevention of Plagiarism; Guidelines in Research; Informed Consent; Privacy Concerns. 8. Disaster Research: Definitions and Concepts; Methodology and Methods of Transdisciplinary Research; Methods in Contemporary Disaster Research; Research Methods in Disaster and Humanitarian Settings (Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed); Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction; Approaches to Qualitative Research (Narrative, Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Autobiography, Case Study, Ethnomethodology); Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR); Research Methods for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM), Natural and Environmental Disasters, Computational Methods, Geographical Methods; Disaster Reconnaissance; Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas in Disasters. 9. Legal Framework Related to Disasters in India: Disaster Management Act, 2005; Other Related Acts, Policies, Plans, Programmes, and Legislations. 10. International Legal Framework Related to Disasters: Major International Legal Instruments Dealing Specifically with Disasters; Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030; Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015; Yokohama Strategy; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). 11. Policies Related to Disasters and Institutional Arrangements: National Policy on Disaster Management 2009; National Disaster Management Plan 2019; State Disaster Management Plans (SDMPs); District Disaster Management Plans (DDMPs); Institutional Arrangements in DM: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA), District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). 12. Disaster Financial Management: Disaster Financial Management Team Composition; Cash Flow Management, Debt Monitoring, Risk Avoidance; Disaster Assessment and Expense Reimbursement (Pertaining to Damage, Emergency Protective Measures); Project and Portfolio Management (Performing Financial Analysis, Maintaining Accurate Financial Records/Documents for Audits); Supply Chain Management; Knowledge of Procurement and Contracting Practices; Disaster Financial Management Activities; Disaster Financial Accounting Systems and Management Processes; Disaster Financial Assistance Programs; Financial Management for Humanitarian Response; Disaster Mitigation Fund and Disaster Response Fund at Central and State Levels. 13. Disaster Challenges of Vulnerable Populations: Dimensions and Factors Affecting Vulnerabilities; Differential Vulnerability of People Based on Caste, Class, Gender, Age, Location, Disability, Religion, etc.; Disaster Challenges Due to Multiple Vulnerabilities; Cascading Vulnerabilities and Impacts; Intersectionality, Vulnerability, and Resilience. 14. Specific Vulnerable Groups in Disasters - Gender, Children, and Elderly: Understanding Sex, Gender, and Gendered Vulnerability; Gender Differentials in Disaster Cycle, Coping Strategies, and Resilience; Gender-Inclusive and Gender-Sensitive DM Best Practices; Women, Work, and Livelihood Issues; Basic Concepts in Child-Centered DRR, Vulnerability of Children, Children in Disaster Cycle, Coping/Resilience, Child-Inclusive/Sensitive DM Best Practices; Basic Concepts of DRR for Elderly Population, Vulnerability of Elderly, Older People in Disaster Cycle, Coping/Resilience, Elderly-Inclusive/Sensitive DM Best Practices. 15. Disability and Disasters: Basic Concepts and Terminologies (Impairment, Disability, Handicap); Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD); Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016); Types and Models of Disability; Vulnerability of Persons with Disabilities (PwD); Differential Impact of Disasters on PwD; Disability Issues in Disaster Cycle; Coping Strategies and Resilience of PwD; Disability Inclusive DRR (Approaches, Identifying PwD, VCA/Early Warning Systems, Search/Rescue/Evacuation, Shelter Management, Accessibility Guidelines, IEC Material, Rehabilitation); Disability-Sensitive DM Best Practices; Disaster/Emergency Frameworks and Disability References; Disability Frameworks and Disaster References. 16. Development and Disasters: Sustainable Development; Impact of Development Projects (Dams, Embankments, Changes in Land-Use etc.); Vulnerability to Shanty Settlements; Vulnerability in the City, Risk in Urban Areas, Issues in Urban Planning, Initiatives for Risk Reduction in India; Disaster Resilient Infrastructure. 17. Indian Knowledge Systems, Economic Aspects, Poverty, and Livelihoods in Disasters: Local Knowledge and Practices for DRR; Indian Knowledge about Disasters (Early Warning Systems/Indicators, Coping Strategies/Disaster Response, Distinctive Settlement Patterns, Livelihood Preferences, Sociocultural Practices/Traditions, Managing Natural Resources/Disaster Risks, Literary Sources, Global Best Practices/Lessons Learned); Identifying Natural Disasters with Potential Financial Implications, Measuring Local Government Financial Vulnerability/Capacity to Address Natural Disasters, Identifying Regional Financial Vulnerabilities, Direct/Indirect Costs, Welfare Losses/Damages, Challenges in Economic Assessments of Disaster Losses; Poverty and DRR; Livelihoods and DRR. 18. Roles of Local Institutions in DM: Roles and Responsibilities of Community, Panchayati Raj Institutions/Urban Local Bodies (PRIs/ULBs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and Other Stakeholders in DM. 19. Reducing Risk of Disasters in Communities: Strategies of Risk Reduction; People's Participation; Role of Civil Society and Volunteer Organizations; Activities and Roles of Community Action for DRR; Participatory Risk Assessment Methods; Culture of Safety, Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparedness. 20. Community Risk Management: Community Assets and Social Wealth; Community Risk Mapping; Living with Risk; Policy Perspectives (Sendai Framework for DRR); Conflict Resolution through Collaboration and Consensus; Citizens Forum, Public Voices, and Public Sphere; Social Justice Challenges; Media Advocacy for DM; Building Resilience for Disaster Risk Management; Disaster Literacy of Communities. 21. Health Systems and Infrastructure: National and Local Health Systems; Tiers of Healthcare Services; Clinical Services; Health Information System; Human Resources for Health; Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Systems; Evaluation of Disaster Programs and Projects; Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems & Infrastructure. 22. Disaster Health and Communicable Diseases: Concepts of Disaster Health, Endemic, Outbreak, Epidemic, and Pandemic; Health Consequences of Disasters; Health-EDRM Framework; Public Health Preparedness and Response; Communicable Diseases as Public Health Threats; Principles of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control; Major Disease in Emergency and Non-Emergency Settings; Setting Up Disease Control Programmes; Monitoring, Evaluation, and Research for Disease Control Programmes. 23. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Emergencies: Diseases Related to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene; Community Involvement in Hygiene Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Mitigation; Improving Environmental Conditions; Water Quantity and Water Quality; Emergency Water Supply Strategy and Techniques; Water-Borne and Water-Induced Diseases; Vector Borne Diseases Control; Water and Sanitation in Cholera Outbreak Response; Hygiene and Food Safety; Solid Waste Management; Excreta Disposal; Planning Guidelines for Institutions. 24. Disaster Epidemiology, Outbreak Investigation, and Public Health Surveillance: Basic Concepts of Epidemiology (Epidemiological Triad, Role in Disasters, Methods/Methodological Challenges, Disaster-Related Exposures, Mortality/Morbidity, Health Management Information System (HMIS), Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA), Disaster Registries, Epidemiological Survey, Post-Disaster Epidemiological Investigations/Studies, Influenza Epidemiology); Definition and Criteria of Outbreak, Steps of an Outbreak Investigation, Prevention of Outbreaks, Trigger Alerts, Principles/Methods of Investigations for Food/Water/Air/Vector Borne Outbreaks; Concept and Types of Surveillance, Indicator & Event-Based Surveillance, Surveillance Design/Evaluation/Common Problems, Components of Surveillance System, Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP), Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS). 25. Biological Disasters, Pandemics, Public Health Emergencies, and Emerging/Re-Emerging Diseases: Infectious Diseases, Biological Disasters, Epidemics, Pandemics, Public Health Emergencies (Concepts, Impacts, Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery, Early Warnings/Containment Strategies, DRR/DM Measures); Biological Hazards (Types, Risk Groups); Biological Warfare and Bioterrorism (Threats, Capacity Building, Response); Biosafety and Biosecurity; Agrocrime and Agroterrorism; Healthcare Waste, Biomedical Waste and Their Management; Pandemic (Basics, Stages, Risks, Impacts, Mitigation, Case Studies); International Health Regulations (IHR); Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC); Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA); Rapid Response Teams and Capacity Building; Mass Vaccination Issues; Emerging Diseases, Re-Emerging Diseases, Factors for Emergence, Zoonotic Diseases, Overview of Common Emerging/Re-Emerging Diseases. 26. Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), One Health, and Other Emerging Health Issues: Stressors, Protective Factors, Mental Health Disorder in Emergencies/Disasters; Disaster Mental Health (Basics, Phases, Response, Responders); Normal/Abnormal Human Response to Disaster; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); General Measures and Psychosocial Support Interventions (Psychological First Aid (PFA), Psychological Debriefings, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Community Based Interventions); Disaster Mental Health Counselling; Managing Stress and Well-Being; Basics of One Health Concept, One Health Preparedness, One Health Approach for DM; Risk Assessment/Management in Health Organizations, Health Advice for Emergency Responders, Health in DRR Frameworks, Health Related Vulnerability/Rehabilitation, CBRNe Disasters (Basics, Case Studies, Management Strategies), Nutrition/Food Safety, Care of Road Traffic Injuries Victims, Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), Maternal Health/Safe Motherhood, Infant/Young Child Feeding, Antimicrobial Resistance. 27. Introduction to Environment and Ecology: The Global Concern; Natural Resources and Energy Resources (Renewable/Non-Renewable); Water Resources and Forest Resources; Biodiversity and Conservation, Threats to Biodiversity; Branches of Ecology, Habitat and Ecological Niche; Ecosystem (Concepts, Types, Component, Function, Structure); Biogeochemical Cycles; Energy Flow in Ecosystem (Law of Thermodynamics, Flow of Energy, Food Chains, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids, Ecological Balance); Community Dynamics (Hydrosphere, Xerosere); Population Dynamics (Structural/Functional Aspects, Death Antagonism). 28. Environmental Pollution and Climate Resilience: Sources of Pollution; Different Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal); Pollution Case Studies (London Smog Disaster, Ganga/Yamuna Pollution); Cost of Pollution Management; Causes of Environmental Pollution; Climatology (Origin, Composition/Structure of Atmosphere, Insolation, Distribution of Temperature, Atmospheric Pressure/Motion, General Atmospheric Circulation, Classification of World Climates - Koppen's/Thornthwaite's Schemes, Heat Budget, Hydrological Cycle); Climate Resilience (Meaning, Concept, Indicators, Causes, Theories). 29. Environmental Health, Safety, Disasters, Eco-based Approaches, and Nature-Based Solutions: Hailstorms; Heat Waves, Terminal Heat, and Heat-Related Illness; Cold Waves, Frost, and Fog; Climate Change (Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion); Effect of Weather, Climate Variability, and Climate Change on Population Health; Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (EcoDRR – Introduction, Tools, Approaches); Natural Resources Management, Traditional Environmental Wisdom and Disasters; Disaster Risk Management (PEDRR - Partnership for Environment and DRR), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and its Linkages with EcoDRR; Ecological Approaches and Integrated Ecosystem Management; Nature Based Solutions (NBSs). 30. Occupational Health and Safety: Occupational Hazards (Overview, Classification, Role in Different Industries); Indian Occupational Safety Scenario; Concept and Spectrum of Occupational Health; Occupational Health Services (Basics, Structure, Functional Units, Activities); Occupational Health Screening; Occupational Diseases, Notifiable Occupational Diseases (Effects, Prevention); Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, Audiometric Tests, Eye Tests, Vital Function Tests; Industrial Toxicology (Local, Systemic, Chronic, Temporary, Cumulative Effects, Carcinogens Entry into Human Systems); Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomics; Industrial Disasters (Classification, Investigation, Prevention); Agricultural Respiratory Hazards and Diseases; Corporate and Office Hazards and Diseases; Occupational Health, Safety, and Disaster Prevention. 31. Accident Investigation, Reporting, and Fire Disaster Safety: Incident Recall Technique (IRT); Disaster Control; Job Safety Analysis, Safety Survey, Safety Inspection, Safety Sampling; Safety Audit; Concept of an Accident, Reportable/Non-Reportable Accidents; Unsafe Act and Condition, Principles of Accident Prevention; Role of Safety Committee, Accident Causation Models, Cost of Accident; Overall Accident Investigation Process (Response to Accidents, India Reporting Requirement, Planning Document, Planning Matrix, Investigators Kit, Functions of Investigator, Four Types of Evidences, Records of Accidents, Accident Reports); Forest Fire, Wild Fire, and Fire Following Earthquakes (Vulnerability Assessment, Risk Assessment, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response). 32. Basics of Remote Sensing (RS): History, Development, Definition, Concept & Principles; Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and its Characteristics; Wavelength Regions and their Significance; Interaction of EMR with Atmosphere and Earth's Surface (Absorption, Reflectance, Scattering, Atmospheric Windows, Energy Balance Equation, Spectral Response/Signature); Spectral, Spatial, Temporal, and Radiometric Resolutions; Concept of Satellite, Sensor, Orbit; Satellite Image and Various Interpretation Techniques; Digital Image Processing Techniques. 33. Basic Concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS): Definition, Philosophy & Historical Evolution; Spatial vs. Non-Spatial Data; Components of GIS; Spatial Data Models (Raster and Vector - Advantages & Disadvantages); Raster Data & its Representation (Data Structure & File Format, Data Compression - Block Code, Chain Code, Run Length Code, Quadtree, MrSID); Vector Data Representation (Data Structure & File Format, Topology); Advantage of DBMS in Context of GIS; Data Input and Projections; Geometric Transformation of Raster and Vector Data. 34. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Using GIS and RS: RS & GIS Global and National Initiatives for Disaster Risk Management; Hazard Evaluation and Zonation; Risk and Vulnerability Assessment; Damage Assessment; Land Use Planning and Regulation for Sustainable Development. 35. Introduction to Information & Communications Technology (ICT) and its Applications in DM: ICT Approaches in DM; Changing Media Environments and Efficient Use of ICT for Disaster Communication; Disaster Informatics and Multimedia Educational Application for Risk Reduction; Current State and Solutions for Future Challenges in Alerting Technologies; ICT Applications, Tools, and Techniques; Efficient Deployment of ICT Tools; Utilizing ICT Applications for Decision Support in Disaster Mitigation. 36. Sensor Technologies and Computing Infrastructure in DRR: Introduction to Sensor Technologies; Types of Sensor Systems (Benefits, Limitations, Efficient Use); Design and Deployment Practices; Use of Sensor Technologies and Computing Infrastructure for Environmental Risks, Emergency, and Rescue Operations. 37. Other Emerging Technologies for Disaster Risk Management: Big Data, Machine Learning, and Database Management; Artificial Intelligence (AI), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Robotics; Social Media. 38. Emergency Response Procedures, Systems, Shelter, and Support Functions: Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for Disaster Response; Information Management System; Warning Dissemination; First Responders; Evacuation; Search and Rescue Operations; Relief Operations; Emergency Operation Center (EOC); Incident Response System (Overview, Features, Incident Response Teams); Resource Management & Networking (India Disaster Resource Network); Role of Disaster Response Forces and Community Based Organizations (CBO) in Emergency Response Mechanism; Assistance to Self-Sheltering Populations; Emergency Shelter and Intermediate Shelter; Short-Term Shelter in Existing Buildings; Site Selection and Arrangement of Emergency Settlements; Longer-Term Issues for Emergency Settlements; Vector and Pest Control; Emergency Support Functions and their details. 39. Emergency Health Services: Health in Emergencies; Planning, Continuity, and Access for Emergency Health Services; Prehospital Care (First Aid in Different Cases, Basic Life Support (BLS), Wound Management, Handling of Injured Persons); First Aid Triage (Principles, Types, and Triage Systems); Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC – Framework and Key Concepts); Mass Casualty Management; Emergency Medical Preparedness and Response; Hospital Emergency Disaster Management Plan; Hospital Safety and Preparedness; Health Emergency Teams; Identification and Handling of Human Remains. 40. Risk Communication and Media & Public Affairs in Disasters: Disaster and Communication (Role of Communication in Disaster, Nature and Scope of Communication); Models and Processes of Communication as Applied to DM; Sender and Receiver Oriented Views; Seven Traditions of Communication and its Relevance to DM; Normative Perspective on Disaster Communication; Disaster Warnings as Risk Communication (Risk Perception, Hazard Awareness); Cultural Influences on Risk Communication; Cultural Cognition Theory of Risk Approaches Influencing Hazard Adjustment and Adoption; Overview of the Media and Public Affairs; Role of Media in DM and Humanitarian Crisis; Objectives of Mass Media; Ethical Issues in Disaster Communication; Understanding News Media Coverage of Disaster (Biases and Stereotypes); Reporting on Disaster Issues and Challenges (Newsworthiness, Phases of Disaster Reporting, Sources of News, Checklist for Disaster Reporting); Media Relations during Emergency Situations; Alternative Media During Crisis; Tools for Social Media (Applications and Use).