Dissolution Of Metal Oxides And Separation Of Uranium From Lanthanides And Actinides In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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Dissolution Of Metal Oxides And Separation Of Uranium From Lanthanides And Actinides In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Dissolution Of Metal Oxides And Separation Of Uranium From Lanthanides And Actinides In Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This paper investigates the feasibility of extracting and separating uranium from lanthanides and other actinides by using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as a solvent modified with tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) for the development of a counter current stripping technique, which would be a more efficient and environmentally benign technology for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing compared to traditional solvent extraction. Several actinides (U, Pu, and Np) and europium were extracted in sc-CO2 modified with TBP over a range of nitric acid concentrations and then the actinides were exposed to reducing and complexing agents to suppress their extractability. According to this study, uranium/europium and uranium/plutonium extraction and separation in sc-CO2 modified with TBP is successful at nitric acid concentrations of less than 6 M and at nitric acid concentrations of less than 3 M with acetohydroxamic acid or oxalic acid, respectively. A scheme for recycling uranium from spent nuclear fuel by using sc-CO2 and counter current stripping columns is presented.
Ionic Liquid And Supercritical Fluid Hyphenated Techniques For Dissolution And Separation Of Lanthanides Actinides And Fission Products
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Ionic Liquid And Supercritical Fluid Hyphenated Techniques For Dissolution And Separation Of Lanthanides Actinides And Fission Products written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This project is investigating techniques involving ionic liquids (IL) and supercritical (SC) fluids for dissolution and separation of lanthanides, actinides, and fission products. The research project consists of the following tasks: Study direct dissolution of lanthanide oxides, uranium dioxide and other actinide oxides in [bmin][Tf2N] with TBP(HNO3){sub 1.8}(H2O){sub 0.6} and similar types of Lewis acid-Lewis base complexing agents; Measure distributions of dissolved metal species between the IL and the sc-CO2 phases under various temperature and pressure conditions; Investigate the chemistry of the dissolved metal species in both IL and sc-CO2 phases using spectroscopic and chemical methods; Evaluate potential applications of the new extraction techniques for nuclear waste management and for other projects. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and ionic liquids are considered green solvents for chemical reactions and separations. Above the critical point, CO2 has both gas- and liquid-like properties, making it capable of penetrating small pores of solids and dissolving organic compounds in the solid matrix. One application of sc-CO2 extraction technology is nuclear waste management. Ionic liquids are low-melting salts composed of an organic cation and an anion of various forms, with unique properties making them attractive replacements for the volatile organic solvents traditionally used in liquid-liquid extraction processes. One type of room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation [bmin] with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion [Tf2N] is of particular interest for extraction of metal ions due to its water stability, relative low viscosity, high conductivity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. Recent studies indicate that a coupled IL sc-CO2 extraction system can effectively transfer trivalent lanthanide and uranyl ions from nitric acid solutions. Advantages of this technique include operation at ambient temperature and pressure, selective extraction due to tunable sc-CO2 solvation strength, no IL loss during back-extraction, and no organic solvent introduced into the IL phase.
Ion Exchange And Solvent Extraction
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Author : Bruce A. Moyer
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-08-19
Ion Exchange And Solvent Extraction written by Bruce A. Moyer and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-19 with Science categories.
The growth in the world's nuclear industry, motivated by peaking world oil supplies, concerns about the greenhouse effect, and domestic needs for energy independence, has resulted in a heightened focus on the need for next-generation nuclear fuel-cycle technologies. Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 19 provides a com
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry Ii
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-07-23
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry Ii written by and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-23 with Science categories.
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II, Nine Volume Set reviews and examines topics of relevance to today’s inorganic chemists. Covering more interdisciplinary and high impact areas, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II includes biological inorganic chemistry, solid state chemistry, materials chemistry, and nanoscience. The work is designed to follow on, with a different viewpoint and format, from our 1973 work, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Bailar, Emeléus, Nyholm, and Trotman-Dickenson, which has received over 2,000 citations. The new work will also complement other recent Elsevier works in this area, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry and Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, to form a trio of works covering the whole of modern inorganic chemistry. Chapters are designed to provide a valuable, long-standing scientific resource for both advanced students new to an area and researchers who need further background or answers to a particular problem on the elements, their compounds, or applications. Chapters are written by teams of leading experts, under the guidance of the Volume Editors and the Editors-in-Chief. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource for information in the field. The chapters will not provide basic data on the elements, which is available from many sources (and the original work), but instead concentrate on applications of the elements and their compounds. Provides a comprehensive review which serves to put many advances in perspective and allows the reader to make connections to related fields, such as: biological inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry, solid state chemistry and nanoscience Inorganic chemistry is rapidly developing, which brings about the need for a reference resource such as this that summarise recent developments and simultaneously provide background information Forms the new definitive source for researchers interested in elements and their applications; completely replacing the highly cited first edition, which published in 1973
Advanced Separation Techniques For Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Radioactive Waste Treatment
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Author : Kenneth L Nash
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-03-15
Advanced Separation Techniques For Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Radioactive Waste Treatment written by Kenneth L Nash and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advanced separations technology is key to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and relieving future generations from the burden of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry. Nuclear fuel reprocessing techniques not only allow for recycling of useful fuel components for further power generation, but by also separating out the actinides, lanthanides and other fission products produced by the nuclear reaction, the residual radioactive waste can be minimised. Indeed, the future of the industry relies on the advancement of separation and transmutation technology to ensure environmental protection, criticality-safety and non-proliferation (i.e., security) of radioactive materials by reducing their long-term radiological hazard. Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment provides a comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. Part one covers the fundamental chemistry, engineering and safety of radioactive materials separations processes in the nuclear fuel cycle, including coverage of advanced aqueous separations engineering, as well as on-line monitoring for process control and safeguards technology. Part two critically reviews the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. The section includes discussions of advanced PUREX processes, the UREX+ concept, fission product separations, and combined systems for simultaneous radionuclide extraction. Part three details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, initially reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, highly selective compounds for solvent extraction, and developments in partitioning and transmutation processes that aim to close the nuclear fuel cycle. The book concludes with other advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction, and biological treatment processes. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment is a standard reference for all nuclear waste management and nuclear safety professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers in this field. A comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment Details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, as well as highly selective compounds for solvent extraction Discusses the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment
Selective Extraction Of Uranium From Liquid Or Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Selective Extraction Of Uranium From Liquid Or Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Green Sustainable Process For Chemical And Environmental Engineering And Science
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Author : Inamuddin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-11-18
Green Sustainable Process For Chemical And Environmental Engineering And Science written by Inamuddin and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Green Solvents for Environmental Remediation provides an in-depth overview of environmental remediation by using eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, biosolvents, and switchable solvents, of ionic-liquids, biosolvents, Gas-expanded solvents Liquid polymers, supercritical fluids, Polymer-based green solvents, Switchable solvents, etc. This book offers all-types of green solvents for the removal of contaminations from the soil, air, and water. It summarizes in-depth literature on the application of various green solvents in the areas such as municipal water, extraction, bioremediation, phytoremediation, soil and sediment remediation, toxic gases removal, and various industrial effluents. A brief introduction, limitations, and advantages to the practical use of green solvents are also discussed. This book is authored by experts in a broad range of fields. It is an invaluable reference guide for the sustainable and environmentally friendly development of synthetic methodologies for environmental, analytical, engineering, and industrial technology. Provides an up-to-date research record on green solvents for environmental protection Includes latest advances in environmental remediation Outlines eco-friendly green solvents for toxic contaminants degradation and purification Covers all-types of green solvent-driven environmental remediation technologies Key references to obtain great results in environmental remediation using green solvents
Utilizing Supercritical Co2 And Ionic Liquids For The Extraction Of Actinides And Lanthanides
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Author : Donna Ly Quach Baek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Utilizing Supercritical Co2 And Ionic Liquids For The Extraction Of Actinides And Lanthanides written by Donna Ly Quach Baek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Actinide elements categories.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were used as non-conventional solvents for the investigation of actinide and lanthanide extraction and separation in this dissertation. Nuclear waste management is traditionally facilitated by the Plutonium Uranium Reduction EXtraction process, better known as the PUREX process. The drawback to this important process is the production of hazardous organic and aqueous waste. RTILs and sc-CO2 have inherent benefits over using hydrocarbon solvents, such as low volatility and minimizing secondary liquid waste generation. A brief review of actinide and lanthanide extraction and separation using traditional solvents, sc-CO2, and RTILs is presented. To be able to optimize extraction efficiencies, the understanding of solvation, speciation, and complexation behavior of lanthanides and actinides in RTILs, sc-CO2 and RTIL/sc-CO2 mixtures is important. Thus, the coordination of U(VI) with nitrate and TBP dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4MIM][Tf2N]) containing tetrabutylammonium nitrate (TBAN), nitric acid, or TBAN and TBP via ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy was studied. Tristructual isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles are used in very high temperature reactors to achieve higher burnup levels; however, recycling techniques have not been fully developed. Included in this dissertation is an investigation using sc-CO2 with TBP to extract U(VI) from TRISO fuel particles, which have been exposed to gamma irradiation. Also, mechanical crushing of TRISO fuel particles is currently the only method to expose the uranium for extraction; thus radioactive contamination is an issue. Ultrasound was applied to TRISO fuel particles in an enclosed pressure vessel in the attempt to fracture the fuel in liquid CO2 and extract U(VI). Furthermore, various actinides and lanthanides are present in used nuclear fuel that need to be extracted and separated from each other to recover uranium as the product and reduce the radiotoxicity of the waste requiring storage. The extraction and separation of uranium from the actinides neptunium, plutonium and americium and the lanthanide series were studied. These species were extracted from a range of nitric acid concentrations, in the absence of, or in the presence of, a number of traditional reducing and/or complexing agents by sc-CO2 modified with TBP to demonstrate the separation of these metals from uranium under sc-CO2 conditions.
Metal Ion Separation And Preconcentration
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Author : Andrew H. Bond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Metal Ion Separation And Preconcentration written by Andrew H. Bond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
The collection discusses the role of separations in nuclear processing, the influence and use of aqueous phases in separations, extractant design and synthesis, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid distribution, membrane separations, and supercritical fluid extractions. With a balance of fundamental and applied research, the book covers the most significant recent advances in metal ion separations.
Nuclear Waste Management
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Author : Paul W. Wang
language : en
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Release Date : 2006
Nuclear Waste Management written by Paul W. Wang and has been published by American Chemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This symposium series book presents leading-edge research in the area of nuclear waste management conducted through the EMSP.