Ionic Liquid And Supercritical Fluid Hyphenated Techniques For Dissolution And Separation Of Lanthanides Actinides And Fission Products
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Ionic Liquid And Supercritical Fluid Hyphenated Techniques For Dissolution And Separation Of Lanthanides Actinides And Fission Products
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Ionic Liquid And Supercritical Fluid Hyphenated Techniques For Dissolution And Separation Of Lanthanides Actinides And Fission Products written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This project is investigating techniques involving ionic liquids (IL) and supercritical (SC) fluids for dissolution and separation of lanthanides, actinides, and fission products. The research project consists of the following tasks: Study direct dissolution of lanthanide oxides, uranium dioxide and other actinide oxides in [bmin][Tf2N] with TBP(HNO3){sub 1.8}(H2O){sub 0.6} and similar types of Lewis acid-Lewis base complexing agents; Measure distributions of dissolved metal species between the IL and the sc-CO2 phases under various temperature and pressure conditions; Investigate the chemistry of the dissolved metal species in both IL and sc-CO2 phases using spectroscopic and chemical methods; Evaluate potential applications of the new extraction techniques for nuclear waste management and for other projects. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and ionic liquids are considered green solvents for chemical reactions and separations. Above the critical point, CO2 has both gas- and liquid-like properties, making it capable of penetrating small pores of solids and dissolving organic compounds in the solid matrix. One application of sc-CO2 extraction technology is nuclear waste management. Ionic liquids are low-melting salts composed of an organic cation and an anion of various forms, with unique properties making them attractive replacements for the volatile organic solvents traditionally used in liquid-liquid extraction processes. One type of room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) based on the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation [bmin] with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion [Tf2N] is of particular interest for extraction of metal ions due to its water stability, relative low viscosity, high conductivity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. Recent studies indicate that a coupled IL sc-CO2 extraction system can effectively transfer trivalent lanthanide and uranyl ions from nitric acid solutions. Advantages of this technique include operation at ambient temperature and pressure, selective extraction due to tunable sc-CO2 solvation strength, no IL loss during back-extraction, and no organic solvent introduced into the IL phase.
Advanced Separation Techniques For Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Radioactive Waste Treatment
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Author : Kenneth L Nash
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-03-15
Advanced Separation Techniques For Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Radioactive Waste Treatment written by Kenneth L Nash and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advanced separations technology is key to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and relieving future generations from the burden of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry. Nuclear fuel reprocessing techniques not only allow for recycling of useful fuel components for further power generation, but by also separating out the actinides, lanthanides and other fission products produced by the nuclear reaction, the residual radioactive waste can be minimised. Indeed, the future of the industry relies on the advancement of separation and transmutation technology to ensure environmental protection, criticality-safety and non-proliferation (i.e., security) of radioactive materials by reducing their long-term radiological hazard. Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment provides a comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. Part one covers the fundamental chemistry, engineering and safety of radioactive materials separations processes in the nuclear fuel cycle, including coverage of advanced aqueous separations engineering, as well as on-line monitoring for process control and safeguards technology. Part two critically reviews the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. The section includes discussions of advanced PUREX processes, the UREX+ concept, fission product separations, and combined systems for simultaneous radionuclide extraction. Part three details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, initially reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, highly selective compounds for solvent extraction, and developments in partitioning and transmutation processes that aim to close the nuclear fuel cycle. The book concludes with other advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction, and biological treatment processes. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment is a standard reference for all nuclear waste management and nuclear safety professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers in this field. A comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment Details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, as well as highly selective compounds for solvent extraction Discusses the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment
Utilizing Supercritical Co2 And Ionic Liquids For The Extraction Of Actinides And Lanthanides
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Author : Donna Ly Quach Baek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Utilizing Supercritical Co2 And Ionic Liquids For The Extraction Of Actinides And Lanthanides written by Donna Ly Quach Baek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Actinide elements categories.
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were used as non-conventional solvents for the investigation of actinide and lanthanide extraction and separation in this dissertation. Nuclear waste management is traditionally facilitated by the Plutonium Uranium Reduction EXtraction process, better known as the PUREX process. The drawback to this important process is the production of hazardous organic and aqueous waste. RTILs and sc-CO2 have inherent benefits over using hydrocarbon solvents, such as low volatility and minimizing secondary liquid waste generation. A brief review of actinide and lanthanide extraction and separation using traditional solvents, sc-CO2, and RTILs is presented. To be able to optimize extraction efficiencies, the understanding of solvation, speciation, and complexation behavior of lanthanides and actinides in RTILs, sc-CO2 and RTIL/sc-CO2 mixtures is important. Thus, the coordination of U(VI) with nitrate and TBP dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4MIM][Tf2N]) containing tetrabutylammonium nitrate (TBAN), nitric acid, or TBAN and TBP via ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy was studied. Tristructual isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles are used in very high temperature reactors to achieve higher burnup levels; however, recycling techniques have not been fully developed. Included in this dissertation is an investigation using sc-CO2 with TBP to extract U(VI) from TRISO fuel particles, which have been exposed to gamma irradiation. Also, mechanical crushing of TRISO fuel particles is currently the only method to expose the uranium for extraction; thus radioactive contamination is an issue. Ultrasound was applied to TRISO fuel particles in an enclosed pressure vessel in the attempt to fracture the fuel in liquid CO2 and extract U(VI). Furthermore, various actinides and lanthanides are present in used nuclear fuel that need to be extracted and separated from each other to recover uranium as the product and reduce the radiotoxicity of the waste requiring storage. The extraction and separation of uranium from the actinides neptunium, plutonium and americium and the lanthanide series were studied. These species were extracted from a range of nitric acid concentrations, in the absence of, or in the presence of, a number of traditional reducing and/or complexing agents by sc-CO2 modified with TBP to demonstrate the separation of these metals from uranium under sc-CO2 conditions.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction
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Author : Mark McHugh
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Mark McHugh and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction is a technique in which CO2 is used under extremely high pressure to separate solution (e.g., removing caffeine from coffee). Separations is basic to all process industries and supercritical fluid extraction is a specific type which is receiving a high level of attention. The book will combine basic fundamentals with industrial applications. The second edition has been expanded and updated and includes new chapters on chromatography and food processing. "...this is an excellent book which is both instructive and amusing to read. Its true value is neatly summarised in one of the closing sentences: 'We have supplied you with the guidelines and criteria which you can now apply when considering supercritical fluids for your own needs.'' - Chemistry in Britain, February 1995
Fission Product Separation Based On Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Fission Product Separation Based On Room Temperature Ionic Liquids written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
During the previous funding cycle for this project, we investigated the electrochemistry of Cs(I) in air and moisture-stable ionic liquids both with and without the addition of BOBCalixC6. These investigations revealed that the electrochemical windows of the dialkylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ionic liquids do not permit the direct electrochemical reduction of Cs(I), even when Hg electrodes are employed, because these organic cations are reduced at less negative potentials than Cs(I). However, Cs(I) coordinated by BOBCalixC6 can be electrolytically reduced to Cs(Hg) in tetraalkylammonium-based room-temperature ionic liquids such as tri-1-butylmethylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (Bu3MeN+Tf2N- ) at Hg electrodes. Because this reduction process does not harm either the ionic liquid or the macrocycle, it is a promising method for recycling the cesium extraction system. The previous studies mentioned above were carried out under an inert atmosphere, i.e., in the absence of H2O and O2. However, it may not be economically feasible or even possible to carry out the recycling process in the absence of these contaminants during large-scale processing of aqueous tank waste. Thus, as described in our proposal, we have begun an investigation of the electrochemical recovery of Cs from the Bu3MeN+Tf2N- + BOBCalixC6 extraction system in an air atmosphere containing various amounts of water and oxygen. Our recent preliminary results were very surprising because they indicated that the electrochemical extraction process is relatively insensitive to the presence of small amounts of moisture even when the moisture content of the ionic liquid approaches 1000 ppm. Furthermore, we have found that the ''wet'' ionic liquid can be easily dehydrated under reduced pressure or by sparging with dry nitrogen gas without the need for heat or any other specialized treatment.
Fission Product Separation Based On Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
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Author : A. C. III. Buchanan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Fission Product Separation Based On Room Temperature Ionic Liquids written by A. C. III. Buchanan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
The objectives of this project are (a) to synthesize new ionic liquids tailored for the extractive separation of Cs + and Sr 2+; (b) to select optimum macrocyclic extractants through studies of complexation of fission products with macrocyclic extractants and transport in new extraction systems based on ionic liquids; (c) to develop efficient processes to recycle ionic liquids and crown ethers; and (d) to investigate chemical stabilities of ionic liquids under strong acid, strong base, and high-level-radiation conditions.
Fission Product Separation Based On Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
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Author : Huimin Luo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Fission Product Separation Based On Room Temperature Ionic Liquids written by Huimin Luo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
The objectives of this project are (a) to synthesize new ionic liquids tailored for the extractive separation of Cs + and Sr 2+; (b) to select optimum macrocyclic extractants through studies of complexation of fission products with macrocyclic extractants and transport in new extraction systems based on ionic liquids; (c) to develop efficient processes to recycle ionic liquids and crown ethers; and (d) to investigate chemical stabilities of ionic liquids under strong acid, strong base, and high-level-radiation conditions.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction And Chromatography
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Author : Bonnie A. Charpentier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Supercritical Fluid Extraction And Chromatography written by Bonnie A. Charpentier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Liquid Biphasic System
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Author : Pau Loke Show
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-11-28
Liquid Biphasic System written by Pau Loke Show and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Downstream bioprocesses have a significant role to play in the creation of a sustainable bio-based economy, enabling the creation of new products and systems from the more sustainable bioprocessing of natural products. Liquid Biphasic System: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications in Bioseparation Technology explores in detail the fundamental processes and applications of this new separation system, aiding understanding of the basic principles of the technique and offering constructive criticisms on the latest findings. Including coverage of the background, principles, mechanisms, and applications, Liquid Biphasic System addresses how to adapt the technology for the purification of useful compounds with greater cost efficiency and greener processing. It is essential reading for bioprocess engineers, biochemical engineers, biosystem engineers, chemists and microbiologists working in the fields of bioprocessing. Researchers, scientists, and engineers concerned with the selection and evaluation of alternative bioseparation processes will find the book particularly useful. Provides information and examples of advanced separations in a single source Includes detailed descriptions of novel bioseparation systems Covers the latest technologies related to advanced liquid–liquid separation and their applications in various industries
Liquid Phase Extraction
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Author : Colin F. Poole
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-08-29
Liquid Phase Extraction written by Colin F. Poole and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-29 with Science categories.
Liquid Phase Extraction thoroughly presents both existing and new techniques in liquid phase extraction. It not only provides all information laboratory scientists need for choosing and utilizing suitable sample preparation procedures for any kind of sample, but also showcases the contemporary uses of sample preparation techniques in the most important industrial and academic project environments, including countercurrent chromatography, pressurized-liquid extraction, single-drop Microextraction, and more. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, it serves as a one-stop reference for those who need to know which technique to choose for liquid phase extraction. Used in conjunction with a similar release, Solid Phase Extraction, it allows users to master this crucial aspect of sample preparation. Defines the current state-of-the-art in extraction techniques and the methods and procedures for implementing them in laboratory practice Includes extensive referencing that facilitates the identification of key information Aimed at both entry-level scientists and those who want to explore new techniques and methods