Distance Sampling

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Distance Sampling Methods And Applications

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Author : S. T. Buckland
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-08

Distance Sampling Methods And Applications written by S. T. Buckland and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-08 with Medical categories.

In this book, the authors cover the basic methods and advances within distance sampling that are most valuable to practitioners and in ecology more broadly. This is the fourth book dedicated to distance sampling. In the decade since the last book published, there have been a number of new developments. The intervening years have also shown which advances are of most use. This self-contained book covers topics from the previous publications, while also including recent developments in method, software and application. Distance sampling refers to a suite of methods, including line and point transect sampling, in which animal density or abundance is estimated from a sample of distances to detected individuals. The book illustrates these methods through case studies; data sets and computer code are supplied to readers through the book’s accompanying website. Some of the case studies use the software Distance, while others use R code. The book is in three parts. The first part addresses basic methods, the design of surveys, distance sampling experiments, field methods and data issues. The second part develops a range of modelling approaches for distance sampling data. The third part describes variations in the basic method; discusses special issues that arise when sampling different taxa (songbirds, seabirds, cetaceans, primates, ungulates, butterflies, and plants); considers advances to deal with failures of the key assumptions; and provides a check-list for those conducting surveys.

Distance Sampling

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Author : S.T. Buckland
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-10-29

Distance Sampling written by S.T. Buckland and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-29 with Science categories.

Our environment and natural food resources are continually coming under threat so that the monitoring of population trends is essential today. Whaling is a good example. Here politics and conservation often clash, and over the years more and more restrictions have been applied through the efforts of the International Whaling Commission in an endeavour to save some of our whale species from extinction. Localized fisheries also need to be monitored and quotas set each year. In some countries, sports fishing and hunting are popular so that information is needed about the populations being exploited in order to determine such things as the duration of hunting season and bag limits. Methods of estimating animal abundance have been developing steadily since the 1940s but over the last 20 years activity in this area has intensified and of this growth were two the subject has begun to blossom. At the centre of the authors of this book, David Anderson and Kenneth Burnham, who have widely published in this field. The need for computers in this area was soon recognized and David and Ken were joined by Jeffrey Laake who, with his computing expertise, helped to develop suitable software packages for implementing some of the new techniques. In the 1980s Stephen Buckland entered the arena and began to make his presence felt. Among other contributions, he firmly established the role of Monte Carlo and bootstrapping techniques in population estimation where the unique role of the computer could be fully exploited.

Distance Sampling

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Author : Stephen T. Buckland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Distance Sampling written by Stephen T. Buckland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Mathematics categories.

Introductory concepts. Introduction. Range of applications. Types of data. Known constants and parameters. Assumptions. Fundamental concept. Detection. History of methods. Program DISTANCE. Assumptions and modelling philosophy. Assumptions. Fundamental models. Philosophy and strategy. Robust models. Some analysis guidelines. Statistical theory. General formula. Hazard-rate modelling of the detection process. The key function formulation for distance data. Maximum likelihood methods. Choice of model. Estimation for clustered populations. Density, variance and interval estimation. Stratification and covariates. Line transects. Introduction. Example data. Truncation. Extensions and related work. Other models. Modelling variation in encounter rate and cluster size. Estimation of the probability of detection on the line or pint. On the concept of detection search effort. Fixed versus random sample size. Efficient simulation of distance data. Thoughts about a full likelihood approach. Distance sampling in three dimensions. ...

Advanced Distance Sampling

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Author : S. T. Buckland
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2004-08-19

Advanced Distance Sampling written by S. T. Buckland and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-19 with Mathematics categories.

This advanced text focuses on the uses of distance sampling to estimate the density and abundance of biological populations. It addresses new methodologies, new technologies and recent developments in statistical theory and is the follow up companion to Introduction to Distance Sampling (OUP, 2001). In this text, a general theoretical basis is established for methods of estimating animal abundance from sightings surveys, and a wide range of approaches to analysis of sightings data is explored. These approaches include: modelling animal detectability as a function of covariates, where the effects of habitat, observer, weather, etc. on detectability can be assessed; estimating animal density as a function of location, allowing for example animal density to be related to habitat and other locational covariates; estimating change over time in populations, a necessary aspect of any monitoring programme; estimation when detection of animals on the line or at the point is uncertain, as often occurs for marine populations, or when the survey region has dense cover; survey design and automated design algorithms, allowing rapid generation of sound survey designs using geographic information systems; adaptive distance sampling methods, which concentrate survey effort in areas of high animal density; passive distance sampling methods, which extend the application of distance sampling to species that cannot be readily detected in sightings surveys, but can be trapped; and testing of methods by simulation, so that performance of the approach in varying circumstances can be assessed.

Spatial Capture Recapture

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Author : J. Andrew Royle
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-08-27

Spatial Capture Recapture written by J. Andrew Royle and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-27 with Science categories.

Spatial Capture-Recapture provides a comprehensive how-to manual with detailed examples of spatial capture-recapture models based on current technology and knowledge. Spatial Capture-Recapture provides you with an extensive step-by-step analysis of many data sets using different software implementations. The authors' approach is practical – it embraces Bayesian and classical inference strategies to give the reader different options to get the job done. In addition, Spatial Capture-Recapture provides data sets, sample code and computing scripts in an R package. - Comprehensive reference on revolutionary new methods in ecology makes this the first and only book on the topic - Every methodological element has a detailed worked example with a code template, allowing you to learn by example - Includes an R package that contains all computer code and data sets on companion website

Quantitative Methods For Current Environmental Issues

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Author : Clive W. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Quantitative Methods For Current Environmental Issues written by Clive W. Anderson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.

It is increasingly clear that good quantitative work in the environmental sciences must be genuinely interdisciplinary. This volume, the proceedings of the first combined TIES/SPRUCE conference held at the University of Sheffield in September 2000, well demonstrates the truth of this assertion, highlighting the successful use of both statistics and mathematics in important practical problems. It brings together distinguished scientists and engineers to present the most up-to-date and practical methods for quantitative measurement and prediction and is organised around four themes: - spatial and temporal models and methods; - environmental sampling and standards; - atmosphere and ocean; - risk and uncertainty. Quantitative Methods for Current Environmental Issues is an invaluable resource for statisticians, applied mathematicians and researchers working on environmental problems, and for those in government agencies and research institutes involved in the analysis of environmental issues.

Minimax And Applications

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Author : Ding-Zhu Du
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-01

Minimax And Applications written by Ding-Zhu Du and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Computers categories.

Techniques and principles of minimax theory play a key role in many areas of research, including game theory, optimization, and computational complexity. In general, a minimax problem can be formulated as min max f(x, y) (1) ",EX !lEY where f(x, y) is a function defined on the product of X and Y spaces. There are two basic issues regarding minimax problems: The first issue concerns the establishment of sufficient and necessary conditions for equality minmaxf(x,y) = maxminf(x,y). (2) "'EX !lEY !lEY "'EX The classical minimax theorem of von Neumann is a result of this type. Duality theory in linear and convex quadratic programming interprets minimax theory in a different way. The second issue concerns the establishment of sufficient and necessary conditions for values of the variables x and y that achieve the global minimax function value f(x*, y*) = minmaxf(x, y). (3) "'EX !lEY There are two developments in minimax theory that we would like to mention.

Hierarchical Modeling And Inference In Ecology

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Author : J. Andrew Royle
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2008-10-15

Hierarchical Modeling And Inference In Ecology written by J. Andrew Royle and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-15 with Science categories.

A guide to data collection, modeling and inference strategies for biological survey data using Bayesian and classical statistical methods.This book describes a general and flexible framework for modeling and inference in ecological systems based on hierarchical models, with a strict focus on the use of probability models and parametric inference. Hierarchical models represent a paradigm shift in the application of statistics to ecological inference problems because they combine explicit models of ecological system structure or dynamics with models of how ecological systems are observed. The principles of hierarchical modeling are developed and applied to problems in population, metapopulation, community, and metacommunity systems. The book provides the first synthetic treatment of many recent methodological advances in ecological modeling and unifies disparate methods and procedures.The authors apply principles of hierarchical modeling to ecological problems, including * occurrence or occupancy models for estimating species distribution* abundance models based on many sampling protocols, including distance sampling* capture-recapture models with individual effects* spatial capture-recapture models based on camera trapping and related methods* population and metapopulation dynamic models* models of biodiversity, community structure and dynamics - Wide variety of examples involving many taxa (birds, amphibians, mammals, insects, plants) - Development of classical, likelihood-based procedures for inference, as well as Bayesian methods of analysis - Detailed explanations describing the implementation of hierarchical models using freely available software such as R and WinBUGS - Computing support in technical appendices in an online companion web site

Applied Hierarchical Modeling In Ecology Analysis Of Distribution Abundance And Species Richness In R And Bugs

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Author : Marc Kéry
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-11-14

Applied Hierarchical Modeling In Ecology Analysis Of Distribution Abundance And Species Richness In R And Bugs written by Marc Kéry and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-14 with Science categories.

Applied Hierarchical Modeling in Ecology: Distribution, Abundance, Species Richness offers a new synthesis of the state-of-the-art of hierarchical models for plant and animal distribution, abundance, and community characteristics such as species richness using data collected in metapopulation designs. These types of data are extremely widespread in ecology and its applications in such areas as biodiversity monitoring and fisheries and wildlife management. This first volume explains static models/procedures in the context of hierarchical models that collectively represent a unified approach to ecological research, taking the reader from design, through data collection, and into analyses using a very powerful class of models. Applied Hierarchical Modeling in Ecology, Volume 1 serves as an indispensable manual for practicing field biologists, and as a graduate-level text for students in ecology, conservation biology, fisheries/wildlife management, and related fields. - Provides a synthesis of important classes of models about distribution, abundance, and species richness while accommodating imperfect detection - Presents models and methods for identifying unmarked individuals and species - Written in a step-by-step approach accessible to non-statisticians and provides fully worked examples that serve as a template for readers' analyses - Includes companion website containing data sets, code, solutions to exercises, and further information