Distributive Justice Political Stability And Liberal Rights
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Distributive Justice Political Stability And Liberal Rights
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Author : Hun Chung
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Distributive Justice Political Stability And Liberal Rights written by Hun Chung and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Civil rights categories.
"This dissertation is a compilation of three independent essays in political philosophy. What unifies these three essays is not in their substantive content, but rather in their methodological approach. In each of these three essays, I construct a formal model to explore philosophical topics in distributive justice, political stability, and the implementation of liberal rights in a diverse society. Specifically, for each essay, I construct a formal model (using the tools of modern game theory, social choice theory, and welfare economics) that is designed to capture the main philosophical intuition behind the relevant situation of the given philosophical topic. I then carefully examine the philosophical implications of the main analytical results that have been logically deduced from each formal model. We will see that the analytical results of the formal models provide very important philosophical insights that would not have been so easily understood without the help of such formal analyses. Sometimes the results of the formal models reinforce our original philosophical intuitions; other times, they may force us to reconsider and reevaluate our entrenched philosophical presuppositions. In this way, formal models can serve as a test that could help us adjudicate among competing philosophical positions. In chapter 1 entitled "Rawls's Self-Defeat: A Formal Analysis if John Rawls's Theory of Justice", I provide a close formal examination of John Rawls's theory of justice. The main aim of John Rawls in his early years was to present an alternate theory of distributive justice that was superior to utilitarianism. Rawls's main worry was that utilitarianism (which was the dominant ethical theory of his time) can fail to secure the fair worth of one's most fundamental basic rights and liberties for the sake of maximizing average or aggregate social welfare. For such reasons, Rawls argued that the representative parties in the original position will not choose utilitarianism, but will rather choose his "justice as fairness", which he believed would securely protect the worth of everybody's basic rights and liberties. In this chapter, I construct a formal model of a liberal democratic society that incorporates all of Rawls's own assumptions. I then compare the distributional consequences of utilitarianism and justice as fairness under varying levels of social affluence. The formal results of the model demonstrate that, under Rawls's own assumptions, utilitarianism better protects the fair worth of people's basic rights and liberties in all social resource situations equal or above moderate scarcity. If we follow Rawls's own reasoning, this implies that the parties in the original position will actually choose utilitarianism over justice as fairness, which contradicts Rawls's own expectations. An important focus of Rawls in his later works was on political stability. When Rawls wrote Political Liberalism, his aim was to show how justice as fairness can be widely supported and stably maintained in a well-ordered society marked by what he called "reasonable pluralism." When writing about political stability, Rawls restricted his attention to what he called a "well-ordered society", where each citizen, despite affirming very different religious and moral beliefs, strictly complies with the requirements of the political conception of justice that his/her society adopts. Rawls called these type of people "reasonable" citizens. However, it is imperative for Rawls to consider how his well-ordered society can restore political stability and maintain social justice after the intrusion of "unreasonable" people that may be sufficient to destabilize political order. In chapter 2 entitled "Public Reason, Convergence Discourse, and the Well-Ordered Society under Crisis", I provide a formal analysis of two competing solutions to the problem of restoring political stability in a well-ordered society offered in the public reason liberalism literature - viz. (a) using public reason or (b) using convergence discourse. The formal analyses offered in this chapter show that using public reason fails completely, while using convergent discourse, although doing better, has its own limitations. In chapter 3 entitled "The Impossibility of Liberal Rights in a Diverse World", I present a social choice theoretic analysis on the implementation of liberal rights in a pluralistic society. A defining characteristic of a liberal democratic society is the assignment of basic rights and liberties that protect each person's private sphere. Hence, social choice made in a liberal democratic society must at the very least be consistent with the exercise of each person's basic rights. However, even when everybody agrees to this basic principle, there could still remain irreconcilable social conflict and disagreement when it comes to the specific assignment of basic rights. This is especially so in a pluralistic society where there is a clash among radically different and incompatible world views. Philosophers have now started to focus on this type of diversity, which now goes by the name "perspectival diversity." This chapter extends the basic social choice theoretic framework of liberal rights by extending the domain to include individual perspectives alongside individual preferences. In this new framework, different individuals are able to see or perceive the same social alternative differently based on their own unique perspectives. The formal results of the chapter imply that generating a viable social choice that is consistent with the assignment of basic rights can quickly break down once we start to increase the level of perspectival diversity in society."--Pages xii-xv.
Rawls S Political Liberalism
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Author : Thom Brooks
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2015
Rawls S Political Liberalism written by Thom Brooks and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Law categories.
Leading figures in politics and philosophy revitalize Rawls's prescription for a just society.
John Rawls
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Author : Patrick Hayden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
John Rawls written by Patrick Hayden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Since the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971, John Rawls has been viewed as one of the most important political theorists of the 20th century. In this book, Patrick Hayden presents an account of Rawls's views regarding the nature of social justice among states and the international law and morality he considers necessary in order to secure universal human rights and political stability among individuals and states.
The Idea Of A Political Liberalism
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Author : Victoria Davion
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2000
The Idea Of A Political Liberalism written by Victoria Davion and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Law categories.
In this unique volume, some of today's most eminent political philosophers examine the thought of John Rawls, focusing in particular on his most recent work. These original essays explore diverse issues, including the problem of pluralism, the relationship between constitutive commitment and liberal institutions, just treatment of dissident minorities, the constitutional implications of liberalism, international relations, and the structure of international law. The first comprehensive study of Rawls's recent work, The Idea of Political Liberalism will be indispensable for political philosophers and theorists interested in contemporary political thought.
John Rawls
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Author : Catherine Audard
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-05
John Rawls written by Catherine Audard and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-05 with Philosophy categories.
John Rawls (1921-2002) is one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Contemporary political philosophy has been reshaped by his seminal ideas and most current work in the discipline is a response to them. This book introduces his central ideas and examines their contribution to contemporary political thought. In the first part of the book Catherine Audard focuses on Rawls' conception of political and social justice and its justification as presented in his groundbreaking A Theory of Justice. This includes sustained examination of Rawls' moral philosophy and its core thesis, the primacy of justice, the complex relation between Rawls' views and utilitarianism, and his most famous concept, the Original Position Device. In the second half of the book, Audard explores Rawls' more practical concerns for stability and political consensus, citizenship and international justice, and shows the continuity between these concerns and his earlier work. Throughout, Audard contextualizes Rawls' ideas by giving a sense of their historical development, which underlines the intellectual cohesion of his thought. The move between ethics and politics so characteristic of Rawls' work, and which makes for the richness of his philosophy, is shown to also create for it significant problems. John Rawls combines clear exposition with insightful analysis and provides an interpretative and critical framework that will help shape ongoing debates surrounding Rawls' work.
Social Justice In The Liberal State
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Author : Bruce Ackerman
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 1981-09-10
Social Justice In The Liberal State written by Bruce Ackerman and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-09-10 with Political Science categories.
An original and compelling vision of a just society“A ‘new view’ of the theoretical foundations of liberalism that will ‘challenge us to clarify our own implicit notions of liberal democracy.’ ”—The New York Times Book ReviewWinner of a Certificate of Merit for the American Bar Association's 1981 Gavel Award for outstanding public serviceFirst published in 1980 and continuously in print ever since, Bruce Ackerman's classic Social Justice in the Liberal State offers a new foundation for liberal political theory— a world in which each of us may live his or her own life in his or her own way, without denying the same right to others. Full of provocative discussions of issues ranging from education to abortion, it makes fascinating reading for anyone concerned with the future of the liberal democratic state. “Professor Ackerman has tackled age-old problems of social justice with the refreshing technique of a series of dialogues in which the proponent of a position must either confront his opponent with an answer, constrained by the three principles of rationality, consistency, and neutrality, or submit to a checkmate. The author’s ability to combine earthiness with extreme subtlety in framing the dialogues has produced a novel, mind-stretching book.”—Henry J. Friendly, Senior Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit“What limits should we place on genetic manipulation? How many children should we have? How should we regulate abortions and adoptions? What rights does the community have, what rights do parents have in the education of children? What rights do children have? What resources must we leave to future generations? To see all these as questions of distributive justice is to connect them in a new way (and to make) a significant contribution.”—Michael Walzer, The New Republic “The breadth of the attack on the fundamental issues of man and society is impressive.”—Foreign Affairs
A Theory Of Justice
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Author : John RAWLS
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
A Theory Of Justice written by John RAWLS and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
Though the revised edition of A Theory of Justice, published in 1999, is the definitive statement of Rawls's view, so much of the extensive literature on Rawls's theory refers to the first edition. This reissue makes the first edition once again available for scholars and serious students of Rawls's work.
Why Political Liberalism
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Author : Paul Weithman
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2010
Why Political Liberalism written by Paul Weithman and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Philosophy categories.
In WHY POLITICAL LIBERALISM?, Paul Weithman offers a fresh, rigorous, and compelling interpretation of John Rawls's reasons for taking his so-called "political turn". Weithman takes Rawls at his word that justice as fairness was recast as a form of political liberalism because of an inconsistency Rawls found in his early treatment of social stability. He argues that the inconsistency is best seen by identifying the threats to stability with which the early Rawls was concerned. One of those threats, often overlooked by Rawls's readers, is the threat that the justice of a well-ordered society would be undermined by a generalized prisoner's dilemma. Showing how the Rawls of "A Theory of Justice" tried to avert that threat shows that the much-neglected third part of that book is of considerably greater philosophical interest, and has considerably more unity of focus, than is generally appreciated. Weithman painstakingly reconstructs Rawls's attempts to show that a just society would be stable, and just as carefully shows why Rawls came to think those arguments were inconsistent with other parts of his theory. Weithman then shows that the changes Rawls introduced into his view between "Theory of Justice" and "Political Liberalism" result from his attempt to remove the inconsistency and show that the hazard of the generalized prisoner's dilemma can be averted after all. Recovering Rawls's two treatments of stability helps to answer contested questions about the role of the original position and the foundations of justice as fairness. The result is a powerful and unified reading of Rawls's work that explains his political turn and shows his enduring engagement with some of the deepest concerns of human life. "Weithman has written a masterful work of Rawls scholarship. This book will deepen our understanding of how and why Rawls restructured his theory, and illuminate this fascinating transition in the history of political philosophy." Leif Wenar, Chair of Ethics, Kings College London "Weithman's reconstruction of Rawls's arguments is masterful, convincing and in many ways revelatory. Readers will find that the text provides compelling answers to a lot of puzzling questions about Rawls's project that have lingered for some time. Perhaps most importantly, Weithman gives the best explanation to date of exactly why Rawls felt compelled to revise his theory as he did." Colin Bird, Department of Politics, University of Virginia
The Limits Of Rawlsian Justice
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Author : Roberto Alejandro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
The Limits Of Rawlsian Justice written by Roberto Alejandro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Law categories.
In A Theory of Justice and Political Liberalism, Rawls set out to prove four major propositions to justify the politics of welfarism; namely, that the institutions of the modern state are compatible with an idea of justice defined by fairness; that political agreement on such an idea is possible; that justice as fairness avoids the pitfalls of utilitarianism and its concomitant reliance on majoritarian views; and that his view of justice is able to promote stability over the long run. In The Limits of Rawlsian Justice political theorist Roberto Alejandro challenges these assumptions. Whereas other opponents of Rawls have attempted to offer an alternative to his concept of justice as fairness, Alejandro instead examines Rawls from within his own writings, testing Rawls's assumptions on the basis of those assumptions themselves. As a result, Alejandro shows that Rawls's idea of justice as fairness is fraught with inner tensions, is exposed to utilitarian dangers, and is far from being the coherent model Rawls promised.
Democratic Procedures And Liberal Consensus
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Author : George Klosko
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2000
Democratic Procedures And Liberal Consensus written by George Klosko and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Liberal theory seeks agreement on political principles in spite of the moral, religious, and philosophical diversity of contemporary societies. Democratic Procedures and Liberal Consensus breaks new ground in developing principles from research on liberal citizen's attitudes towards rights and liberties, distributive justice, procedural justice, and religious beliefs. Because liberal citizens do not generally accept strong individual rights or strongly egalitarian principles of distributive justice, the principles of liberal consensus must be based on almost universal support for democratic political systems and democracy as a value. The details of central liberal principles, including those bearing on democracy itself, must be worked out by appropriate democratic procedures.