Diversity Biomineralization And Rock Magnetism Of Magnetotactic Bacteria
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Diversity Biomineralization And Rock Magnetism Of Magnetotactic Bacteria
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Author : Wei Lin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-19
Diversity Biomineralization And Rock Magnetism Of Magnetotactic Bacteria written by Wei Lin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-19 with Science categories.
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize intracellular nano-sized minerals of magnetite and/or greigite magnetosomes for magnetic orientation. They play important roles in global iron cycling and sedimentary magnetism, and have a broad range of potential applications in both biotechnological and biomedical fields. However, because the majority of MTB in nature remain unculturable, our understanding of these specific bacteria remains fairly limited. This thesis describes the development of a novel approach for effectively collecting, purifying and characterizing uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria. The diversity, genomic information and rock magnetic properties of various uncultivated MTB are investigated and characterized using a combination of biological and geophysical methods. The results will lead to a better understanding of the biogeography and biomineralization mechanisms of MTB in nature, and improve our knowledge of the contributions of MTB to biogeochemical cycles of elements and sedimentary magnetism. Dr. Wei Lin works at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Intracellular Biomineralization In Bacteria
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Author : Damien Faivre
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-11-14
Intracellular Biomineralization In Bacteria written by Damien Faivre and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-14 with Microbiology categories.
Bacteria can sequester metals and other ions intracellularly in various forms ranging from poorly ordered deposits to well- ordered mineral crystals. Magnetotactic bacteria provide one example of such intracellular deposits. They synthesize intracellular magnetic minerals of magnetite (Fe3O4) and/or greigite (Fe3S4) magnetosomes which are generally less than 150 nm and organized into one or multiple chain structures. The magnetosome chain(s) act like a compass needle to facilitate the navigation of magnetotactic bacteria by using the Earth’s magnetic field. Due to their ubiquitous distribution in aquatic and sedimentary environments, magnetotactic bacteria play important roles in global iron cycling. Other intracellular mineral phases have been evidenced in bacteria such as As2S3, CaCO3, CdS, Se(0) or various metal phosphates which may play as well a significant role in the geochemical cycle of these elements. However, in contrast to magnetotactic bacteria, the biological and environmental function of these particles remains a matter of debate. In recent years, such intracellularly biomineralizaing bacteria have become an attractive model system for investigating the molecular mechanisms of organelle-like structure formation in prokaryotic cells. The geological significance of intracellular biomineralization is important; spectacular examples are fossil magnetosomes that may significantly contribute to the bulk magnetization of sediments and act as potential archives of paleoenvironmental changes. In addition, intracellular mineral deposits formed by bacteria have potentially versatile applications in biotechnological and biomedical fields. After more than four decades of research, the knowledge on intracellularly biomineralizing bacteria has greatly improved. The aim of this Research Topic is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of intracellular biomineralization by bacteria. Magnetotactic bacteria are a system of choice for that topic but other intracellularly biomineralizing bacteria may bring a unique perspective on that process. Research papers, reviews, perspectives, and opinion papers on (i) the diversity and ecology of intracellularly biomineralizing bacteria, (ii) the molecular mechanisms of intracellular biomineralization, (iii) the chemo- and magneto-taxis behaviors of magnetotactic bacteria, (iv) the involvement of intracellularly biomineralizing bacteria in local or global biogeochemical cycling, (v) the paleoenvironmental reconstructions and paleomagnetic signals based on fossil magnetosomes, (vi) and the applications of intracellular minerals in biomaterial and biotechnology were welcomed.
The Prokaryotes
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Author : Edward F. DeLong
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-13
The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-13 with Science categories.
The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Encyclopedia Of Astrobiology
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Author : Muriel Gargaud
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-05-26
Encyclopedia Of Astrobiology written by Muriel Gargaud and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-26 with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.
Astrobiology is a remarkably interdisciplinary field. This reference serves as a key to understanding technical terms from the different subfields of astrobiology, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, the geosciences and the space sciences.
Molecular Biomineralization
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Author : Werner E. G. Müller
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-08-30
Molecular Biomineralization written by Werner E. G. Müller and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-30 with Science categories.
The concept of ‘biomineralization’ signifies mineralization processes that take place in close association with organic molecules or matrices. The awareness that mineral formation can be guided by organic molecules notably contributed to the understanding of the formation of the inorganic skeletons of living organisms. Modern electron microscopic and spectroscopic analyses have successfully demonstrated the participation of biological systems in several mineralization processes, and prominent examples include the formation of bio-silica in diatoms and sponges. This insight has already made the application of recombinant technology for the production of valuable inorganic polymers, such as bio-silica, possible. This polymer can be formed by silicatein under conditions that cannot be matched by chemical means. Similarly, the efforts described in this book have elucidated that certain organisms, bacteria in deep-sea polymetallic nodules and coccoliths in seamount crusts, are involved in the deposition of marine minerals. Strategies have already been developed to utilize such microorganisms for the biosynthesis and bioleaching of marine deposits. Moreover, studies reveal that bio-polymers enhance the hydroxyapatite formation of bone-forming cells and alter the expression of important regulators of bone resorption, suggesting a potential for bone regeneration and treatment / prevention of osteoporosis.
Geomicrobiology
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Author : Jillian F. Banfield
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2018-12-17
Geomicrobiology written by Jillian F. Banfield and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-17 with Science categories.
Volume 35 of Reviews in Mineralogy defines and explore the topic of geomicrobiology. It is organized so as to first introduce the nature, diversity, and metabolic impact of microorganisms and the types of solid phases they interact with. This is followed by a discussion of processes that occur at cell surfaces, interfaces between microbes and minerals, and within cells, and the resulting mineral precipitation, dissolution, and changes in aqueous geochemistry. The volume concludes with a discussion of the carbon cycle over geologic time. Basis for this volume was the Short Course on Geomicrobiology presented by the Mineralogical Society of America on October 18 and 19, 1997, at the Alta Peruvian Lodge in Alta, Utah.
Clinical Applications Of Magnetic Nanoparticles
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Author : Nguyen TK Thanh
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-02-06
Clinical Applications Of Magnetic Nanoparticles written by Nguyen TK Thanh and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-06 with Medical categories.
Offering the latest information in magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) research, this book builds upon the success of the first volume and provides an updated and comprehensive review, from synthesis, characterization, and biofunctionalization to clinical applications of MNPs, including the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The book captures some of emerging research area which was not available in the first volume. Good Manufacturing Practices and Commercialization of MNPs are also included. This volume, also written by some of the most qualified experts in the field, incorporates new developments in the literature, and continues to bridge the gaps between the different areas in this field.
Iron Biominerals
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Author : R. Blakemore
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Iron Biominerals written by R. Blakemore and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Biomineralization
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Author : H. Catherine W. Skinner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Biomineralization written by H. Catherine W. Skinner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Biogeochemistry categories.
Iron manganese biomineralization; Iron minerals in surface environments; Manganese minerals in surface environments; Crystal structures of manganese oxide minerals; Microbial biomineralization of iron and manganese; Microbial oxidation of organic matter coupled to the reduction of fe (III) and Mn(IV) oxides; Microbial accumulation of iron and manganese in different aquatic environments: an electron optical study; Magnetotactic bacteria: biomineralization, ecology, sediment magnetism, environmental indicator; Production of iron sulfide minerals by magnetotactic bacteria in sulfidic environments; Manganese oxides producec by fungal oxidation of manganese from siderite and rhodochrosite; Biogenic ferrihydrite: effect of B-thalassemia/ hemoglobin E disease onthe structure of ferrihydrite present in ferritins isolated from iron-loaded human heart and spleen tissue; Manganese nodules and microbial oxidation of manganese in the huntley meadows wetland, Virginia, USA; Iron sulfidization in tidal marsh soils; Mineralogy of precipitates formed by the biogeochemical oxidation of Fe(II) in mine drainage; Natural iron precipitates in a mine retention pond near Jabiru, Northern Territory, Australia; Iron deposits and microorganisms in saline sulfidic soils with altered soil water regimes in South Australia; Transformations of iron, manganese and aluminium during oxidation of a sulfidic material from an acid sulfate soil; Deposition and accumulation of biogenic magnetite in low oxygen facies ...
Stress And Environmental Regulation Of Gene Expression And Adaptation In Bacteria
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Author : Frans J. de Bruijn
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-07-01
Stress And Environmental Regulation Of Gene Expression And Adaptation In Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Science categories.
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.