Do Central Banks Need Capital
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Do Central Banks Need Capital
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Author : Mr.Peter Stella
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1997-07-01
Do Central Banks Need Capital written by Mr.Peter Stella and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.
The Capital Needs Of Central Banks
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Author : Sue Milton
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-10-12
The Capital Needs Of Central Banks written by Sue Milton and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Central banks have evolved over many years, and sometimes centuries, as policy-making, not profit-making, institutions, and yet they are structured legally and financially like ‘for-profit’ companies of the twenty-first century. The question is what is an appropriate level of equity, or capital, for a central bank to have so that it can function for policy effectiveness over profit-maximisation, without hindrance to the achievement and maintenance of policy goals? This collection takes the reader through historical, theoretical and factual discussions on why central banks exist and the role – actual and intended – they have in assisting their home nation in achieving monetary and financial stability. The contributions analyse the different ways central banks are funded and how funding arrangements may impact on their independence. The objective is to explore these themes first from the academic and practitioner’s views – those of the economist, accountant and lawyer’s – and then to introduce practical experiences from a range of different central banks, in terms of their economic and socio-political environments. It will be the first time that the theorist and practitioner, the accountant, the economist and the lawyer come together in one volume. The reader will be able to access the full breadth of views on this important subject. The main observations are that there is no single, quantifiable formula that central banks can use to calculate capital levels. Factors to consider are the historical context of central banks and whether capital was ever appropriate to needs at their foundation; the cultural, social and political contexts; and, in terms of the presentation of financial statements, profit and loss sharing arrangements and what accounting conventions are being used. If these are considered alongside the, often idiosyncratic, mandates individual central banks have, a qualitative understanding of what is an appropriate level of capital is achieved. This collection will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers focusing on the role of central banks in monetary economics; as well as a professional audience of central bankers, the BIS, the IMF, World Bank, EBRD and government departments.
Capitalizing Central Banks
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Author : Mr.Alain Ize
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Capitalizing Central Banks written by Mr.Alain Ize and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper provides a simple, quantitative, net worth-based, approach to assessing the need for central bank capital. It derives a concept of "core capital" (a function of the central bank's operating expenditures and the carrying cost of its international reserves) as the minimum capital needed by a central bank to ensure the credibility of its inflation target. The approach is illustrated with the published accounts of three loss-making central banks and selected accounting entries for a broader sample of central banks. Policy implications are explored. In particular, the paper argues that central bank capitalizations cannot be automatic and require instead a broad policy debate.
Central Bank Finances
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Author : David Archer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Central Bank Finances written by David Archer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Responsibility Of Central Banks For Stability In Financial Markets
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Author : Mr.Garry J. Schinasi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-06-01
Responsibility Of Central Banks For Stability In Financial Markets written by Mr.Garry J. Schinasi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-01 with Business & Economics categories.
What is the role of central banks in ensuring financial stability? This paper addresses this controversial subject, in part by drawing on the experiences in Europe, Japan, and the United States, and by examining four questions. What is meant by financial stability? Do central banks have a natural role in ensuring financial stability? What does a central bank need to execute this role effectively? How far have central banks actually gone in safeguarding financial stability? The experience drawn on in the paper suggest that central banks: have a natural role to play; at times may require supervisory information to execute this natural role; and have incurred risks to their balance sheets to ensure financial stability.
Does Central Bank Capital Matter For Monetary Policy
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Author : Gustavo Adler
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2012-02-01
Does Central Bank Capital Matter For Monetary Policy written by Gustavo Adler and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Heavy foreign exchange intervention by central banks of emerging markets have lead to sizeable expansions of their balance sheets in recent years?accumulating foreign assets and non-money domestic liabilities (the latter due to sterilization operations). With domestic liabilities being mostly of short-term maturity and denominated in local currency, movements in domestic monetary policy interest rates can have sizable effects on central bank's net worth. In this paper we examine empirically whether balance sheet considerations influence the conduct of monetary policy. Our methodology involves the estimation of interest rate rules for a sample of 41 countries and testing whether deviations from the rule can be explained by a measure of central bank financial strength. Our findings, using linear and nonlinear techniques, suggests that central bank financial strength can be a statistically significant factor explaining large negative interest rate deviations from "optimal" levels.
Central Banking Without Central Bank Money
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Author : Mr.Alain Ize
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1999-07-01
Central Banking Without Central Bank Money written by Mr.Alain Ize and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Given the rapidly declining demand for central bank reserves and their gradual replacement in wholesale payments by alternative forms of money—clearinghouse moneyand treasury money—this paper discusses whether the complete extinction of base money could undermine monetary control. It argues that such concerns are misplaced since central banks can target interest rates and inflation even in the absence of base money. The paper explores implications for current and future central banking, including monetary and foreign exchange operations, lender of last resort, coordination between public debt and monetary management, and design of operating rules in currency boards.
Central Bank Financial Strength Transparency And Policy Credibility
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Author : Peter Stella
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2002-08
Central Bank Financial Strength Transparency And Policy Credibility written by Peter Stella and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08 with Business & Economics categories.
A central bank is financially strong if it possesses resources sufficient to attain its fundamental policy objective(s). Once endowed with those resources, relations between government and central bank should be designed so that significant changes in central bank financial strength do not occur unless necessitated by changes in policy objectives. The level of strength required depends on the array of policy objectives (for example, the exchange rate regime) as well as the constraints and risks presented by the operational environment. Attaining credibility is facilitated if the public can easily determine the financial strength of the bank, yet for a variety of reasons this is often difficult. Transparency requires institutional arrangements that ensure the central bank generates profit in most states of the world, is subject to strict ex post independent audit, and transfers regularly all profits, after provisions, to the treasury.
Currencies Capital And Central Bank Balances
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Author : John Cochrane
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date : 2019-04-01
Currencies Capital And Central Bank Balances written by John Cochrane and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Drawing from their 2018 conference, the Hoover Institution brings together leading academics and monetary policy makers to share ideas about the practical issues facing central banks today. The expert contributors discuss U.S. monetary policy at individual central banks and reform of the international monetary and financial system. The discussion is broken down into seven key areas: 1) International Rules of the Monetary Game; 2) Banking, Trade and the Making of the Dominant Currency; 3) Capital Flows, the IMF's Institutional View and Alternatives; 4) Payments, Credit and Asset Prices; 5) Financial Stability, Regulations and the Balance Sheet; 6) The Future of the Central Bank Balance Sheet; and 7) Monetary Policy and Reform in Practice. With in-depth discussions of the volatility of capital flows and exchange rates, and the use of balance sheet policy by central banks, they examine relevant research developments and debate policy options.
Monetary Policy Coordination And The Role Of Central Banks
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Author : Rakesh Mohan
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-04-29
Monetary Policy Coordination And The Role Of Central Banks written by Rakesh Mohan and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-29 with Business & Economics categories.
The unconventional monetary policies (UMPs) pursued by the advanced economies (AEs) have posed macroeconomic challenges for the emerging market economies (EMEs) through volatile capital flows and exchange rates. AE central banks need to acknowledge and appreciate the spillovers resulting from such UMPs. Central banks of the AEs, who have set up standing mutual swap facilities, should explore similar arrangements with other significant EMEs with appropriate risk mitigation measures. These initiatives could do much to actually curb volatility in global financial markets and hence in capital flows to EMEs, thus obviating the need for defensive policy actions on the part of EMEs.