Do Prices Reflect Costs
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Cost Accounting To Determine Prices
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Author : Jonas Schreyoegg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Cost Accounting To Determine Prices written by Jonas Schreyoegg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Germany has recently introduced a system of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) to engender more appropriate resource allocation. The following article describes the German DRG-system and the methodologies used to determine prices. It analyses the extent to which prices, or calculated cost weights, reflect the actual costs incurred by hospitals for their respective services. We reveal that a "compression" of DRG cost weights occurs, and that the data sample used to calculate cost weights is lacking in terms of its representativeness. Although cost data accuracy has improved over the last few years there are still a number of challenges that need to be addressed.
Do Prices Reflect Costs
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Author : Gabriela Guibourg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Do Prices Reflect Costs written by Gabriela Guibourg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Pricing Done Right
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Author : Tim J. Smith
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-07-25
Pricing Done Right written by Tim J. Smith and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-25 with Business & Economics categories.
Practical guidance and a fresh approach for more accurate value-based pricing Pricing Done Right provides a cutting-edge framework for value-based pricing and clear guidance on ideation, implementation, and execution. More action plan than primer, this book introduces a holistic strategy for ensuring on-target pricing by shifting the conversation from 'What is value-based pricing?' to 'How can we ensure that our pricing reflects our goals?' You'll learn to identify the decisions that must be managed, how to manage them, and who should make them, as illustrated by real-world case studies. The key success factor is to build a pricing organization within your organization; this reveals the relationships between pricing decisions, how they affect each other, and what the ultimate effects might be. With this deep-level insight, you are better able to decide where your organization needs to go. Pricing needs to be done right, and pricing decisions have to be made—but are you sure that you're leaving these decisions to the right people? Few managers are confident that their prices accurately reflect the cost and value of their product, and this uncertainty leaves money on the table. This book provides a practical template for better pricing strategies, methods, roles, and decisions, with a concrete roadmap through execution. Identify the right questions for pricing analyses Improve your pricing strategy and decision making process Understand roles, accountability, and value-based pricing Restructure perspectives to help pricing reflect your organization's goals The critical link between pricing and corporate strategy must be reflected in the decision making process. Pricing Done Right provides the blueprint for more accurate pricing, with expert guidance throughout the change process.
At What Price
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-02-25
At What Price written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-02-25 with Political Science categories.
How well does the consumer price index (CPI) reflect the changes that people actually face in living costsâ€"from apples to computers to health care? Given how it is used, is it desirable to construct the CPI as a cost-of-living index (COLI)? With what level of accuracy is it possible to construct a single index that represents changes in the living costs of the nation's diverse population? At What Price? examines the foundations for consumer price indexes, comparing the conceptual and practical strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of traditional "fixed basket" and COLI approaches. The book delves into a range of complex issues, from how to deal with the changing quality of goods and services, including difficult-to-define medical services, to how to weight the expenditure patterns of different consumers. It sorts through the key attributes and underlying assumptions that define each index type in order to answer the question: Should a COLI framework be used in constructing the U.S. CPI? In answering this question, the book makes recommendations as to how the Bureau of Labor Statistics can continue to improve the accuracy and relevance of the CPI. With conclusions that could affect the amount of your next pay raise, At What Price? is important to everyone, and a must-read for policy makers, researchers, and employers.
47 Ways To Raise Prices Without Losing Customers
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Author : Marlene Jensen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-12
47 Ways To Raise Prices Without Losing Customers written by Marlene Jensen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12 with categories.
Make your customers happy to pay more.There is no other business step that can increase profits as quickly and reliably as raising prices. But raising prices is the one marketing decision most likely to make a manager break out in a cold sweat. Don't let this be you.Here's help in "the most practical book on pricing ever written."Inside this book are 47 different price-raising strategies all proven to work well for at least some companies. Many of them work so well that your customers will be happy to pay the higher prices.Included are:13 pricing psychology tactics that don't require you to change anything except the price9 tactics that require a change in the product/service2 tactics that require you to reposition (but not change) your product/service4 tactics that require a change in packaging4 tactics that require a change in distribution6 tactics that require a change in promotion6 tactics useful with salespeople and in negotiations2 tactics useful in reacting to competitor price changesIn addition, you get access to the 1-2-3 PriceChangeModelTM that lets you assess the likely results of your price changes - as well as whether or not to respond to competitor price changes. Solve your immediate pricing problem today - and have this "idea book" for any time in the future when you face another pricing decision.Not sure? Check out "Inside the book" at your favorite online bookseller and you will see - for free - the first four tactics.
Do Prices Reflect Short Term Output Fluctuations Empirical Evidence From A Small Open Raw Material Based Economy
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Author : John A. Hunnes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Do Prices Reflect Short Term Output Fluctuations Empirical Evidence From A Small Open Raw Material Based Economy written by John A. Hunnes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Within the framework of Keynesian economic theory it is widely taken for granted that short term output fluctuations are mirrored in corresponding fluctuations in prices. By examining data on prices and output for a small open raw material based economy, in this case Norway, 1830-2006, this paper concludes that there isn't a clear positive correlation between prices and output. Contrary, there is more evidence of a counter-cyclical relationship, indicating that business cycles are more frequently caused by supply-side shocks than demand side shocks. However, negative demand shocks normally seem to cause lagged negative price responses.
What Causes Food Prices To Rise What Can Be Done About It
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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
What Causes Food Prices To Rise What Can Be Done About It written by United States. General Accounting Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Food prices categories.
Abstract: The primary causes of food price rises in this decade have been agricultural commodity shortages caused by bad weather and increased food marketing costs, especially labor costs, spurred by inflation. Lack of sufficient data makes it difficult to determine why food prices do not fall when farm prices fall. Government and food industry's roles in the food system could be improved to lower price levels or slow the rate of increase. Recommendations given are based on results of studies which indicate food prices reflect increase food industry cost.s. Government could assist in controlling price increases through 1) modifications of transportation regulations; 2) increased efficiency to reduce marketing costs; 3) increase consumer information and protection. Food industry may decrease cost through 1) computerized checkout system expansion; 2) reducing food loss; and 3) moving toward standardization of primary and secondary containers to package and transport food.
Exploring Health And Environmental Costs Of Food
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-12-28
Exploring Health And Environmental Costs Of Food written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-28 with Medical categories.
The U.S. food system provides many benefits, not the least of which is a safe, nutritious and consistent food supply. However, the same system also creates significant environmental, public health, and other costs that generally are not recognized and not accounted for in the retail price of food. These include greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil erosion, air pollution, and their environmental consequences, the transfer of antibiotic resistance from food animals to human, and other human health outcomes, including foodborne illnesses and chronic disease. Some external costs which are also known as externalities are accounted for in ways that do not involve increasing the price of food. But many are not. They are borne involuntarily by society at large. A better understanding of external costs would help decision makers at all stages of the life cycle to expand the benefits of the U.S. food system even further. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) with support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a public workshop on April 23-23, 2012, to explore the external costs of food, methodologies for quantifying those costs, and the limitations of the methodologies. The workshop was intended to be an information-gathering activity only. Given the complexity of the issues and the broad areas of expertise involved, workshop presentations and discussions represent only a small portion of the current knowledge and are by no means comprehensive. The focus was on the environmental and health impacts of food, using externalities as a basis for discussion and animal products as a case study. The intention was not to quantify costs or benefits, but rather to lay the groundwork for doing so. A major goal of the workshop was to identify information sources and methodologies required to recognize and estimate the costs and benefits of environmental and public health consequences associated with the U.S. food system. It was anticipated that the workshop would provide the basis for a follow-up consensus study of the subject and that a central task of the consensus study will be to develop a framework for a full-scale accounting of the environmental and public health effects for all food products of the U.S. food system. Exploring Health and Environmental Costs of Food: Workshop Summary provides the basis for a follow-up planning discussion involving members of the IOM Food and Nutrition Board and the NRC Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources and others to develop the scope and areas of expertise needed for a larger-scale, consensus study of the subject.
The Art Of Pricing
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Author : Rafi Mohammed
language : en
Publisher: Crown Pub
Release Date : 2005
The Art Of Pricing written by Rafi Mohammed and has been published by Crown Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
Furnishes a practical and easy-to-understand guide on how to use pricing to increase hidden profits and develop new growth opportunities, offering helpful advice, strategies, and techniques for increasing profit margins. 20,000 first printing.
Cost Recovery And Pricing Of Payment Services
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Author : B. David Humphrey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Cost Recovery And Pricing Of Payment Services written by B. David Humphrey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
October 1997 The cost of providing payment services is substantial- 3 percent of GDP. Cost reduction requires the appropriate pricing of those services. A modern payment system is essential for promoting domestic and international trade and exchange as well as developing financial markets. Payment users will be directed toward the most efficient payment methods when the costs of producing those services are reflected in the prices paid. Resources are being wasted in the United States because consumers see no important difference in transaction prices or bank costs between using a check or using electronic direct debit in paying a bill, even though the social costs of these two instruments are different. Electronic payments cost only a third to half as much as paper-based payments. An estimated $100 billion (or 1.5 percent of GDP) is being lost by the continued use of paper-based checks. When payment instruments are not appropriately priced, the costs must be covered elsewhere. One common solution is to let loan revenues cover part of payment expenses (keeping loan rates higher to compensate). When prices reflect the full cost of producing the service, users demand the services that use the fewest real resources. Humphrey, Keppler, and Montes-Negret give examples of payment prices and price schedules and show how underlying cost data are used to build up to a price. They outline how payment services may best be structured to: * Appropriately reflect economies of scale or scope in the production of payment services. * Adjust cost recovery percentages to accommodate how much demand conditions associated with start-up differ from those associated with mature operation. (During a new system's early years of operation, the transaction volume may be low and some form of underrecovery of costs may be required to encourage use of the system. But any such underrecovery must be built into future pricing arrangements once the systems are established and traffic volumes are at a level where full cost recovery is practical. To ensure fairness, the pricing structure must also guarantee that latecomers to the system do not get more favorable treatment than the initial user group.) * Induce efficient use of scarce resources. They note the economic principles that recommend certain pricing methods over others and apply equally to payment services provided by the private sector or through a government agency. They show why costs should be recovered through user transaction fees. This paper- product of the Financial Sector Development Department- part of a larger effort in the department to promote the development of financial sector infrastructure to support banking and capital market activities.