Dod Climate Change Fuel Cell Program
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Dod Climate Change Fuel Cell Program
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Author : Ken Olsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Dod Climate Change Fuel Cell Program written by Ken Olsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
This report discusses the first year of operation of a fuel cell power plant located at the Ocean County College, Toms River, New Jersey. PPL EnergyPlus, LLC installed the plant under a contract with Ocean County College. A DFC{reg_sign}300 fuel cell, manufactured by Fuel Cell Energy, Inc. of Danbury, CT was selected for the project. The fuel cell successfully operated from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004. This report discusses the performance of the plant during this period. Ocean County College's decision to contract for use of a fuel cell at the college reflects the institution's commitment to managing energy costs, exercising environmental leadership, and leveraging innovative technologies to accomplish its energy and environmental goals. Ocean County College's director of facilities was interested in finding new energy cost reduction opportunities that could build on the institution's growing reputation for commitment to energy efficiency and environmental quality while exploring new technologies. This combination of goals positioned Ocean County College to value the prospect of installing a fuel cell as a demonstration project that could deliver on its commitment. PPL EnergyPlus, LLC developed the project and Millennium Builders, a PPL company, was chosen as the general contractor for the project. PPL and Ocean County College worked very closely with Jersey Central Power and Light (JCP & L) and New Jersey Natural Gas (NJNG) Company to assure integration of the fuel cell with the local utilities. The 250 kW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and its balance of plant is contained in an all-weather container located just outside the college's Instructional Building on a cement pad in a fenced-in 30 x 50 foot area in close proximity to the college's boiler and electrical rooms. Cables and piping bring power and hot water from the fuel cell into these interior control areas. The unit's electrical output is fed onto the college's main circuit while the hot water flows from the fuel cell to the college through a closed loop equipped with internal heat exchangers mounted on a custom skid in the boiler room. Fresh make-up water for the fuel cell's reverse osmosis equipment is piped separately from the boiler room out to the fuel cell. The fuel cell operates in parallel with the local electric utility's distribution system that serves the general area. The interconnection design relies on the grid protection components that come as standard equipment in the FCE unit design. Ultimately, the only substantive approval for the installation was for the parallel interconnection with the grid, provided by Jersey Central Power & Light. The utility had a well-defined set of interconnection requirements and procedures for units under 5 MW, and the approval process went smoothly and caused little delays. The primary liaison with PPL and the college was the utility's account representative. PPL and the college report that JCP & amp;L was quite supportive of the project. The 60 percent reimbursement of installed costs was made through the New Jersey Clean Energy Fund, which is in turn funded through utility contributions. The Department of Energy provided an additional $250,000 grant under the Department of Defense fuel cell buy down program. PPL started testing the fuel cell on October 31, 2003. Final acceptance of the fuel cell was completed on December 21, 2003. Following several months of start-up activities, a high availability factor and few operating difficulties have marked operations during the first year.
Dod Climate Change Fuel Cell Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Dod Climate Change Fuel Cell Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
A grant was awarded to PPL EnergyPlus, LLC for two (2) 250kW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells at Pepperidge Farm, Inc. on 9/30/03. Pepperidge Farm subsequently signed a contract for one 250kW fuel cell. A request was made and granted to apply the award for the second fuel cell to the Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers (see attached email). This report discusses the first year of operation of a fuel cell power plant located at Pepperidge Farm, Inc., Bloomfield, Connecticut and a fuel cell power plant located at Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers, New York, New York. PPL EnergyPlus, LLC installed the plants under a contract with Pepperidge Farm and Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. Two DFC 300 fuel cells, manufactured by FuelCell Energy, Inc. of Danbury, CT were selected for the project. The fuel cell located at Pepperidge Farm successfully operated from January 16, 2006 to January 15, 2007. The fuel cell located at Sheraton New York Hotel & Tower successfully operated from May 19, 2005 to May 18, 2006. This report discusses the performance of these plants during these periods.
Joint Dod
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Joint Dod written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Congress agreed to provide funding to DOD for a competitive, cost- shared, near-term, Climate Change Fuel Cell program. Objectives are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the efficient use of fossil fuels, accelerate fuel cell commercialization for US manufacturers, and satisfy DOD goals for the environment, readiness, and economy, through activities which would stimulate end-user applications. Fuel cell power plants with combined capacity between 100 and 3,000 kW are covered.
Climate Change Fuel Cell Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Climate Change Fuel Cell Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Fuel cells categories.
Fuel Cells
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Author : Noriko Hikosaka Behling
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-12-31
Fuel Cells written by Noriko Hikosaka Behling and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fuel Cells: Current Technology Challenges and Future Research Needs is a one-of-a-kind, definitive reference source for technical students, researchers, government policymakers, and business leaders. Here in a single volume is a thorough review of government, corporate, and research institutions’ policies and programs related to fuel cell development, and the effects of those programs on the success or failure of fuel cell initiatives. The book describes specific, internal corporate and academic R&D activities, levels of investment, strategies for technology acquisition, and reasons for success and failure. This volume provides an overview of past and present initiatives to improve and commercialize fuel cell technologies, as well as context and analysis to help potential investors assess current fuel cell commercialization activities and future prospects. Crucially, it also gives top executive policymakers and company presidents detailed policy recommendations on what should be done to successfully commercialize fuel cell technologies. Provides a clear and unbiased picture of current fuel cell research programs Outlines future research needs Offers concrete policy recommendations
Fuel Cells
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Author : Noriko Hikosaka Behling
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-12-05
Fuel Cells written by Noriko Hikosaka Behling and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-05 with Science categories.
"This book is a one of a kind, definitive reference source for technical students and researchers, government policymakers, and business leaders. It provides an overview of past and present initiatives to improve and commercialize fuel cell technologies. It provides context and analysis to help potential investors assess current fuel cell commercialization activities and future prospects. Most importantly, it gives top executive policymakers and company presidents with detailed policy recommendations as to what should be done to successfully commercialize fuel cell technologies."--pub. desc.
Dod Fuel Cell Demonstration Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Dod Fuel Cell Demonstration Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
The supply of reliable, cost-effective electric power with minimal environmental impact is a constant concern of Department of Defense (DOD) installation energy personnel. Electricity purchased from the local utility is expensive and represents only about 30% of the original energy input at the generating station due to generation and distribution inefficiencies. Because of master metering and large air conditioning loads, the demand portion of the installation`s electric bill can be in excess of 50% of the total bill. While the electric utilities in the United States have a very good record of reliability, there is significant potential for improving the security of electrical power supplied by using on-site power generation. On-site, dispersed power generation can reduce power outages due to weather, terrorist activities, or lack of utility generating capacity. In addition, as increased emphasis is placed on global warming, acid rain, and air pollution in general, the development of clean, highly efficient power producing technologies is not only desirable, but mandatory. Since the majority of central heat plants on U.S. military installations are nearing the end of their useful life, there is an opportunity to replace outdated existing equipment with modem technologies.
The Pentagon Climate Change And War
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Author : Neta C. Crawford
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-10-04
The Pentagon Climate Change And War written by Neta C. Crawford and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-04 with Political Science categories.
How the Pentagon became the world’s largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it’s not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption. The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world’s largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military’s growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels. The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions. Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.
Climate Change Fuel Cell Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Climate Change Fuel Cell Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Fuel cells categories.
Climate Change Fuel Cell Program
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Author : Paul Belard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Climate Change Fuel Cell Program written by Paul Belard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Verizon is presently operating the largest Distributed Generation Fuel Cell project in the USA. Situated in Long Island, NY, the power plant is composed of seven (7) fuel cells operating in parallel with the Utility grid from the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA). Each fuel cell has an output of 200 kW, for a total of 1.4 mW generated from the on-site plant. The remaining power to meet the facility demand is purchased from LIPA. The fuel cell plant is utilized as a co-generation system. A by-product of the fuel cell electric generation process is high temperature water. The heat content of this water is recovered from the fuel cells and used to drive two absorption chillers in the summer and a steam generator in the winter. Cost savings from the operations of the fuel cells are forecasted to be in excess of $250,000 per year. Annual NOx emissions reductions are equivalent to removing 1020 motor vehicles from roadways. Further, approximately 5.45 million metric tons (5 millions tons) of CO2 per year will not be generated as a result of this clean power generation. The project was partially financed with grants from the New York State Energy R & D Authority (NYSERDA) and from Federal Government Departments of Defense and Energy.