Does Rail Transit Save Energy Or Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Does Rail Transit Save Energy Or Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Author : Randal O'Toole
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Does Rail Transit Save Energy Or Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Randal O'Toole and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Far from protecting the environment, most rail transit lines use more energy per passenger mile, and many generate more greenhouse gases, than the average passenger automobile. Rail transit provides no guarantee that a city will save energy or meet greenhouse gas targets. While most rail transit uses less energy than buses, rail transit does not operate in a vacuum: transit agencies supplement it with extensive feeder bus operations. Those feeder buses tend to have low ridership, so they have high energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile. The result is that, when new rail transit lines open, the transit systems as a whole can end up consuming more energy, per passenger mile, than they did before. Even where rail transit operations save a little energy, the construction of rail transit lines consumes huge amounts of energy and emits large volumes of greenhouse gases. In most cases, many decades of energy savings would be needed to repay the energy cost of construction. Rail transit attempts to improve the environment by changing people's behavior so that they drive less. Such behavioral efforts have been far less successful than technical solutions to toxic air pollution and other environmental problems associated with automobiles. Similarly, technical alternatives to rail transit can do far more to reduce energy use and CO2 outputs than rail transit, at a far lower cost. Such alternatives include the following: * Powering buses with hybrid-electric motors, biofuels, and - where it comes from nonfossil fuel sources - electricity; * Concentrating bus service on heavily used routes and using smaller buses during offpeak periods and in areas with low demand for transit service; * Building new roads, using variable toll systems, and coordinating traffic signals to relieve the highway congestion that wastes nearly 3 billion gallons of fuel each year; * Encouraging people to purchase more fuel-efficient cars. Getting 1 percent of commuters to switch to hybrid-electric cars will cost less and do more to save energy than getting 1 percent to switch to public transit. If oil is truly scarce, rising prices will lead people to buy more fuel-efficient cars. But states and locales that want to save even more energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions will find the above alternatives far superior to rail transit.
Policy Options For Reducing Energy Use And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U S Transportation
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Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Transportation
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 2011
Policy Options For Reducing Energy Use And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From U S Transportation written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Transportation and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
It is not intended to model or quantify the impacts of each policy option over time but instead to examine the means by which each influences behavior and the demand for and supply of energy- and emissions-saving technology, particularly in the modes of transportation with the greatest effect on the sector's consumption of petroleum and emissions of GHGs. In choosing among policies, elected officials must take into account many factors that could not be examined in this study, such as the full range of safety, economic, and environmental implications of their choices; therefore, the report does not recommend a specific suite of policies to pursue. Instead, the emphasis is on assessing each policy approach with regard to its applicability across transportation modes and its ability to affect the total amount of energy-intensive transportation activity, the efficiency of transportation vehicles, and GHG emissions characteristics of the sector's energy supply.
Rail And The City
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Author : Roxanne Warren
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2014-09-19
Rail And The City written by Roxanne Warren and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-19 with Architecture categories.
An architect makes the case for rail transit as the critical infrastructure for a fluidly functioning and environmentally sustainable urban society. The United States has evolved into a nation of twenty densely populated megaregions. Yet despite the environmental advantages of urban density, urban sprawl and reliance on the private car still set the pattern for most new development. Cars guzzle not only gas but also space, as massive acreage is dedicated to roadways and parking. Even more pressing, the replication of this pattern throughout the fast-developing world makes it doubtful that we will achieve the reductions in carbon emissions needed to avoid climate catastrophe. In Rail and the City, architect Roxanne Warren makes the case for compact urban development that is supported by rail transit. Calling the automobile a relic of the twentieth century, Warren envisions a release from the tyrannies of traffic congestion, petroleum dependence, and an oppressively paved environment. Technical features of rail are key to its high capacities, safety at high speeds, and compactness—uniquely qualifying it to serve as ideal infrastructure within and between cities. Ultimately, mobility could be achieved through extensive networks of public transit, particularly rail, supplemented by buses, cycling, walking, car-sharing, and small, flexible vehicles. High-speed rail, fed by local transit, could eliminate the need for petroleum-intensive plane trips of less than 500 miles. Warren considers issues of access to transit, citing examples from Europe, Japan, and North America, and pedestrian- and transit-oriented urban design. Rail transit, she argues, is the essential infrastructure for a fluidly functioning urban society.
Public Transportation S Role In Responding To Climate Change
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Author : Tina Hodges
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Public Transportation S Role In Responding To Climate Change written by Tina Hodges and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Climatic changes categories.
The Fed. Transit Admin. (FTA) collects and analyzes data from across the country on public transportation (PT) fuel use, vehicles deployed, rides taken, etc. These data provides valuable insight into the impacts of auto, truck, SUV, and PT travel on the production of greenhouse gas emissions. There are significant greenhouse gas emission savings by using PT. This paper presents an analysis of the data and frames it in a broader context. It concludes with a description of FTA actions that address climate change. PT can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by: Providing a low emissions alternative to driving; Facilitating compact land use, reducing the need to travel long distances; and Minimizing the carbon footprint of transit oper.
Travel Matters
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Author : Transit Cooperative Research Program
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 2003
Travel Matters written by Transit Cooperative Research Program and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Buses categories.
The report and the TravelMatters website (developed as part of this project) are designed to present information on climate change and to examine how greenhouse gas emissions from transportation may be reduced. Both the print and web-based research products review the capacity of public transportation to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and present this information in a format accessible to transportation professionals and the general public. Key strategies for reducing transportation emissions--increasing the use of transit, changing land-use patterns, and adopting energy-efficient technologies and fuels in transit fleets--are discussed.
Rail As The Sustainable Backbone Of The Energy Efficient Transport Chain A World View
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Author : Mark Robinson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Rail As The Sustainable Backbone Of The Energy Efficient Transport Chain A World View written by Mark Robinson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The transport sector in 2010 was responsible for 23% of total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion in the world. In the same year road transport was responsible for 72% of total CO2 emissions caused by the transport sector globally. This high emission level was created transporting 34% of people and goods. Railway moved 9% of passengers and freight with an impact of just 3% of total transport CO2 emissions. Worldwide, CO2 emissions per passenger-km went down by 32% in the period 2000-2010. In the same period, CO2 emissions per freight tonne-km shrunk by 18%. In the European Union, railways have already largely exceeded the target of 10% renewables in the energy mix. In 2010 renewables used in the rail sector were at 18% compared with only 5% in the transport sector as a whole. This paper highlights sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context - particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. The target is to mitigate their environmental impact through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. The paper considers rail energy and emissions statistics and presents aggregate data on a worldwide rail activity and energy use basis. The paper looks closely at railway electricity mixes in Europe as well as options to provide renewable electricity to railway operators. Moving towards sustainable mobility requires both integrated and efficient transport systems as well as secure and clean energy. Modal shifts to rail can be a major driver for decarbonisation of the transport sector, and the set of data presented illustrates this potential.
A Transportation Research Program For Mitigating And Adapting To Climate Change And Conserving Energy
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Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Study on Transportation Research Programs to Address Energy and Climate Change
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009
A Transportation Research Program For Mitigating And Adapting To Climate Change And Conserving Energy written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Study on Transportation Research Programs to Address Energy and Climate Change and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Climatic changes categories.
TRB Special Report 299: A Transportation Research Program for Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change and Conserving Energy suggests that federal, state, and local policy makers need informed guidance about the effectiveness, costs, feasibility, and acceptability of transportation strategies to mitigate transportation greenhouse gas emissions and conserve energy and to adapt to climate change. The report covers strategies affecting travel and mode choice, models and decision tools, infrastructure investment options, and infrastructure construction, operation, and maintenance. The committee that prepared the report recommends beginning a research and development initiative by making a modest investment of 40 million to 45 million annually in the next surface transportation authorization that would be used to develop the best available guidance quickly on the basis of existing information and then begin to improve that guidance over time as new research is completed.
Intercity Transport And Climate Change
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Author : Yoshitsugu Hayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-12-10
Intercity Transport And Climate Change written by Yoshitsugu Hayashi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-10 with Business & Economics categories.
While intercity passenger transport counts for about 2% of the total passenger transport volume the share of the total passenger kilometers traveled is estimated more than one third. In many countries the major part of intercity transport is performed by car and air and as a result, the contribution to the carbon footprint is substantially higher than the share of overall passenger transport performance. This creates a challenge to develop a sustainable organization of intercity transport which requires a true joint effort of policy makers, industry sectors and households. This presupposes that all options for reducing the carbon footprint of the transport modes – car, air and rail – are fully exploited through modern propulsion technology, use of regenerative energy and efficient organization of transport processes. Basic conditions for meeting this requirement are an incentive compatible public framework of regulation, taxation, charging and education, the private willingness to adjust to new behavioral patterns and a consequent push of technological progress towards energy and CO2 savings. This book begins with an international comparison of intercity transport and the current state of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of this transport segment. A focus is given to comparing the situation in the EU, the US and Japan while describing the more recent development of intercity transport in China, followed by an analysis of intercity transport policies and their contribution to meet the global climate change issues. This book will be of interest to researchers in transportation economics and policy, as well as civil engineering and planning.
Improving Energy Efficiency And Reducing Emissions Through Intelligent Railway Station Buildings
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2015-09-01
Improving Energy Efficiency And Reducing Emissions Through Intelligent Railway Station Buildings written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Buildings in the People's Republic of China (PRC) consume 21% of the total energy produced in the country. This study analyzes and proposes feasible energy-saving and emission-reducing solutions for domestic railway stations in the PRC. The use of intelligent building controls support reduction of energy consumption, minimization or elimination of energy wastes, and cost savings. Strong institutional mechanisms and railway building management methods and policies also promote technological innovation. Moreover, these are necessary to balance the interests of multiple parties to be able to achieve energy efficiency in railway station buildings in the PRC.
The Potential For Transit As An Energy Saving Option
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Author : Richard H. Pratt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
The Potential For Transit As An Energy Saving Option written by Richard H. Pratt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Petroleum conservation categories.