Domination By Region 4
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Domination By Region 4
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Author : Ramesh Gampat
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2023-03-30
Domination By Region 4 written by Ramesh Gampat and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-30 with Political Science categories.
This book argues that Guyana presently operates a system of domestic colonialism (DM). DM builds on institutions established during imperial colonialism, strengthened and expanded since independence in 1966, and regionalization, which balkanized the country into ten administrative regions. Regionalization is a flexible instrument that enables political and economic control, with one strengthening the other, further empowering Region 4 where the “metropole” is located, and enhancing the dependency of the nine satellite regions. Both political parties exploits regionalization when in power, the PPP principally through financial strangulation and discrimination, the PNC and its various incarnations via political control. Regionalization is the symbol of domestic colonialism. PPP-I (last six years of its previous regime, 2009 to 2014) allocated an annual average of 11.1 percent of public funds to the regions, the APNU+AFC 14.1 percent from 2015 to 2020, and PPP-II, the current PPP administration, 12.5 percent during its first two years in office. Over the fourteen-years from 2009 to 2022, the four largest agencies consumed 42.5 percent of total Central Government expenditure. Under PPP-I, these agencies spent 15 percentage points more on capital costs than they did under APNU+AFC. However, under the latter government they spent more than 10 percentage points on the amorphous category “Other Charges.” These anomalies are hard to explain because there were no functional enhancements or reach of coverage by these agencies. Incredibly, the Ministry of Finance (MoF), the largest agency for all but one year, spent 46.1 percent of what the Ministry of Public Works incurred on public infrastructure for the entire country. An important avenue of political patronage is the employment of contract and temporary workers, who are hired outside of the public service legislative framework. These workers comprised half of the MoF’s workforce over the fourteen-year period and the last six years of PPP-I; for the Ministry of Health, that figure is around 37.0 percent for both periods. Employment patronage rose during APNU+AFC’s term of office, to 53.8 percent in the MoF and to 41.8 percent in the MoH. Employment patronage at these two big agencies was lower during PPP-I than the six years of the APNU+AFC Government. “Patronage employment” is considerably lower with the PPP-II than all previous regimes. The strategic deviation is explained by the rise of three separate categories of low- and unskilled workers, who account for 48.5 percent and 57.7 percent of workforce of the MoF and the MoH, respectively. These figures are more than 10 percentage points larger than those of all previous administrations. In effect, the PPP doles out patronage away from hiring outside of the public service legislative framework to hiring within it. Not only has the PPP “legalized” patronage, it has also increased it significantly.
Topics On Domination
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Author : S.T. Hedetniemi
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1991-02-01
Topics On Domination written by S.T. Hedetniemi and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-02-01 with Mathematics categories.
The contributions in this volume are divided into three sections: theoretical, new models and algorithmic. The first section focuses on properties of the standard domination number &ggr;(G), the second section is concerned with new variations on the domination theme, and the third is primarily concerned with finding classes of graphs for which the domination number (and several other domination-related parameters) can be computed in polynomial time.
An Approach To Water Resources Evaluation Of Non Point Silvicultural Sources
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
An Approach To Water Resources Evaluation Of Non Point Silvicultural Sources written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Forest management categories.
Epa 600 8
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980-08
Epa 600 8 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980-08 with categories.
Characterization Of The Middle Atlantic Water Management Unit Of The Northeast Regional Action Plan
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Characterization Of The Middle Atlantic Water Management Unit Of The Northeast Regional Action Plan written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Marine animals categories.
Water Resources Investigations Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Water Resources Investigations Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Hydrology categories.
Surface Water Quality Assessment Of The Upper Illinois River Basin In Illinois Indiana And Wisconsin
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Author : Peter M. Ruhl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Surface Water Quality Assessment Of The Upper Illinois River Basin In Illinois Indiana And Wisconsin written by Peter M. Ruhl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Fishes categories.
River Dominated Shelf Sediments Of East Asian Seas
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Author : P.D. Clift
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2016-09-02
River Dominated Shelf Sediments Of East Asian Seas written by P.D. Clift and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-02 with Science categories.
The rivers of East Asia are some of the largest and most important to human society and the global economy. They drain a variety of terrains from the Tibetan plateau, the hill country of southern China and the steep mountains of Taiwan. The sediment they carry potentially records the longterm evolution of continental environments within the marine stratigraphic record. Sediments reaching the ocean have to traverse the wide continental shelves where they may be reworked and transported by longshore currents, typhoon storm waves, as well as large ocean currents such as the Kuroshio. Deciphering any marine record requires us to understand the dynamics of sediment transport on the continental shelves, and this region acts as a global type example of such processes. Studies in this volume span a wide range of subdisciplines in the marine sciences and provide new insights into how sediment is distributed offshore after leaving the river mouths
Biodiversity Islands Strategies For Conservation In Human Dominated Environments
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Author : Florencia Montagnini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-04-22
Biodiversity Islands Strategies For Conservation In Human Dominated Environments written by Florencia Montagnini and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-22 with Science categories.
This book is intended to provide an overview for the identification and establishment of biodiversity islands. It presents examples and case studies where the biodiversity islands approach is being used in a variety of locations and contexts worldwide. It will contribute to design parameters on appropriate sizing and spatial distribution of biodiversity islands in order to be effective in conservation and regeneration across the landscape, using integrated landscape management approaches. This book is essential given the current worldwide trend of habitat destruction and the need to preserve biodiversity and its values. The chapters are organized in five sections. The first section provides the introduction. Section 2,3 and 4 discuss the challenges and alternatives of establishment and management, case studies across the globe, safeguarding of the environmental, economic, and social benefits, and the final section offers a conclusion. The contributing authors present views from the academic, the practitioner and the policymaker perspectives, offering alternatives and suggestions for promoting strategies that support biodiversity conservation through intentionally designed frameworks for sustainable forest landscapes. Readers will discover suggestions and concrete examples that can be used by a variety of stakeholders in various settings throughout the world. This book is useful to researchers, farmers, foresters, landowners, land managers, city planners, and policy makers alike.
Land Use Systems In Grassland Dominated Regions
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Author : A. Lüscher
language : en
Publisher: vdf Hochschulverlag AG
Release Date : 2004
Land Use Systems In Grassland Dominated Regions written by A. Lüscher and has been published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
Agriculture, alpine, global change, nutrients, farming