Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Timea Stelzig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors written by Timea Stelzig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The last few decades brought along the development of many new organic semiconductors that have been successfully incorporated into "high" performance devices, such as field effect transistors (FETs), organic light emitting diods (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) and sensors. With the technology in its puberty some of the materials have reached the minimal requirements for commercialization, but there is still much to be discovered, explained and understood. rnThe research described in this work aims to design, synthesize and characterize new semiconducting polymers with tuned optoelectronic properties, that would enable efficient ambipolar or n-type charge carriers transport for OFETs or OPVs applications. The main goal is achieved by following rational design principles meant to exploit the beneficial properties of the thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline building block as a planar, electron deficient heterocycle and those of ethynylene pi-spacers, connecting the donor (D) and the acceptor (A) unit in a D-A copolymer. Within this frame of work, synthetic issues as well as detailed optoelectronic studies of the conjugated polymers and their corresponding model compounds are covered. Additionally, the first example of triple-bond containing polymer showing nearly balanced ambipolar charge transport characteristics when applied in an OFET is presented as well.rnThe last part of this thesis seeks to explore, within the Marcus-Hush theory, mixedvalence phenothiazines and their electron transfer processes, when connected via an electron deficient pi-bridge, such as benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Timea Stelzig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Donor Acceptor Systems In The Quest For Organic Semiconductors written by Timea Stelzig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Preparation And Characterization Of Solution Processed Organic Semiconductor Interfaces
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Author : Julia Maibach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Preparation And Characterization Of Solution Processed Organic Semiconductor Interfaces written by Julia Maibach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Understanding The Morphology At Donor Acceptor Interfaces In Organic Semiconductors
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Author : Zixuan Guo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Understanding The Morphology At Donor Acceptor Interfaces In Organic Semiconductors written by Zixuan Guo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Organic electronic devices, including organic photovoltaics (OPV), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have become increasingly important in consumer electronic applications due to the development of organic semiconductors, including organic small molecules, and conjugated polymers. They have advantages such as light weight, flexibility/stretchability, and the ability for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The structure and mechanism of organic devices are analogous to inorganic semiconductor devices, where donor materials (p-type) and acceptor materials (n-type) are used to create interfaces. To build high-performance organic electronic devices, it is essential to understand functionalities of organic heterojunction because they are building blocks of electronics. Organic heterojunction is interfaces created between donor and acceptor organic semiconductors. Exciting electronic action of devices occurs at organic interfaces. From a fundamental viewpoint, the role of interfaces must have optimal electronic and physical communication to yield highly efficient devices. From a technological viewpoint, one must understand, control, and have a rational design of the desired electronic and optical properties at organic interfaces for the development of different electronics and a host of potential new device concepts that have not yet been developed or realized. In this dissertation, we will use organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPV) as an example to investigat organic heterojunction interfaces, including interface fabrication, epitaxy, morphology control, and characterization, with the aim of building high-performance devices with good stability. We begin by discussing the growth of organic single-crystalline crystals with controlled orientations. Materials used are two small molecules: zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc, p-type) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA, n-type). In this study, a self-built vertical physical vapor transport (v-PVT) chamber is used for crystallization, and a graphene-coated substrate is used to control molecular packing. Although ZnPc and PTCDA have a planar molecular shape and face-on packing motif on graphene, we find that they have different growth modes. Such growth mechanism difference can be explained by competition between intermolecular and molecule-graphene interactions. We then continue the abovementioned study by building model heterojunctions on graphene substrates using ZnPc and PTCDA. We discover that thermodynamics and kinetics of the system affect P-N junction morphology. We find that ZnPc and PTCDA form the "line-on-line" organic weak epitaxy at heterojunction interfaces from X-ray studies and crystallography refinement. We also verify that P-N junctions can generate electron-hole pairs. This work will advance the knowledge and create enabling opportunities to fabricate single-crystalline-oriented nanostructures. Besides using organic small molecules, we also explore the structure-property-performance relationship of conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) for OPV applications. In this work, a new donor-acceptor BCP is synthesized and added into polymer blend solar cells. We find that adding BCP could potentially retain the relative degree of crystallinity of [pi]-[pi] stacking regions, and decrease the detrimental interaction between donor polymer and electrode under thermal stress, thus improving the solar device's thermal stability by 30%. Finally, we explore the possibility of using graphene engineering for epitaxial growth dynamics control of organic small molecules. We determine that two distinct, alternating morphologies of ZnPc crystals are simultaneously observed on a single epitaxial SiC-graphene substrate. We hypothesize that the different morphologies arise from electronic structure and surface energy differences of underlying SiC-graphene regions ZnPc is grown on. The result will enable selective patterning of organic semiconductors for use in advanced warfare device applications. We hope these studies throughout this work will advance knowledge on fundamental crystallization mechanisms, interface engineering, morphology control, and characterization in organic crystalline systems. This work could further produce various future architectures for different applications in organic electronics.
Annulated Donor Acceptor Systems
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Author : Michael Patrick Jaggi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Annulated Donor Acceptor Systems written by Michael Patrick Jaggi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Organic Donor Acceptor Thin Film Systems
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Author : Kerstin Keller
language : en
Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
Release Date : 2010-03
Organic Donor Acceptor Thin Film Systems written by Kerstin Keller and has been published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03 with categories.
In this work the preparation of organic donor- acceptor thin films via physical vapor deposition is studied in theory and experiment. A chamber for organic molecular beam deposition was designed and integrated into an existing deposition system. Additionally, a load-lock, a chamber to prepare metallic contacts via stencil mask technique and a sputtering chamber were built. For the sublimation of organic compounds several effusion cells were constructed and the evaporation characteristics were compared to a simulation. The developed simulation program calculates the respective evaporation characteristics. It contains evaporation of particles, migration, and collisions in the gas phase. For the preparation and characterization of organic thin films it was focused on the charge transfer salt (BEDT-TTF)(TCNQ). Thin films were prepared by co-evaporation and studied with optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The formation of the monoclinic phase of (BEDT-TTF)(TCNQ) could be shown. As a last part complete devices (tunnel structures) were prepared and measured in a He4 cryostat.
Organic Donor Acceptor Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Organic Donor Acceptor Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Small Molecules Based On Novel Electron Deficient Acceptor Units For Organic Electronic Applications
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Author : Joseph Cameron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Small Molecules Based On Novel Electron Deficient Acceptor Units For Organic Electronic Applications written by Joseph Cameron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Demand for photovoltaic cells is ever-increasing due to the diminishing supply of oil-based fuels and the associated harmful environmental effects. Organic photovoltaic devices offer a light and flexible alternative to Si-based PVs. In addition to this, they can be processed using fabrication methods such as spin-coating and inkjet printing hence, such devices have potential to be produced cheaply on a large scale. Although they have been applied as donor materials with success, polymers often show end-group variation and are polydisperse so there can be batch-to-batch variation with respect to OPV performance. A solution to these problems is the use of small donor molecules which are monodisperse and have well-defined structures. However, the shorter conjugation of small molecules with respect to polymers requires measures to shorten the HOMO-LUMO gap. A common approach is the incorporation of electron-deficient acceptor units into the donor molecule, lowering the LUMO level and therefore the HOMO-LUMO gap.Chapter 1 reviews band theory, the development of organic semiconductors, including a summary of oligothiophene based materials and common electron-deficient acceptor units used, the principles behind OPV and OFET devices and how organic semiconductors can be optimised in order to produce the best working devices.The synthesis, physical properties and OPV performance of materials based on naphthyridine-2,6-dione acceptor unit are presented in chapter 2, focussing on the difference between compounds with Donor-Acceptor-Donor and Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor structures. Chapter 3 shows the novel naphthyridin-2-one moiety and the synthesis of materials containing the unit and how they have been used for different applications including ambipolar OFETs and both donor and acceptor materials for bulk heterojunction OPV devices.A study in improving the mobility of OFET devices is presented in chapter 4. Different inorganic nanoparticles were added to organic semiconductor solutions for and the effect of this simple process on the performance of the OFET devices is discussed.Chapter 5 introduces the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dione and novel furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione acceptor units. The synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties, and OFET and OPV device optimisation of materials based on these moieties are presented and discussed.A summary of the work discussed is presented in chapter 6 whilst chapter 7 presents the experimental methods for electrochemistry, device work, and synthetic procedures for each compound presented in Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Development Of Solar Cells
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Author : Juganta K. Roy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-12
Development Of Solar Cells written by Juganta K. Roy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-12 with Science categories.
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concept, design, working protocols, and diverse photo-chemicals aspects of different solar cell systems with promising prospects, using computational and experimental techniques. It presents and demonstrates the art of designing and developing various solar cell systems through practical examples. Compared to most existing books in the market, which usually analyze existing solar cell approaches this volume provides a more comprehensive view on the field. Thus, it offers an in-depth discussion of the basic concepts of solar cell design and their development, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies. The book will appeal to readers who are interested in both fundamental and application-oriented research while it will also be an excellent tool for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the field of photovoltaics and solar cell systems.