Driver Behavior Analysis And Decision Making For Autonomous Driving At Non Signalized Inner City Intersections
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Driver Behavior Analysis And Decision Making For Autonomous Driving At Non Signalized Inner City Intersections
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Author : Weinreuter, Hannes
language : en
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2025-01-17
Driver Behavior Analysis And Decision Making For Autonomous Driving At Non Signalized Inner City Intersections written by Weinreuter, Hannes and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-17 with categories.
The focus of this work is on human driving behavior in road traffic. Two aspects of it are covered, the prediction of it, including the identification of relevant influencing factors, as well as the behavior generation for autonomous vehicles. The behavior prediction is based on a field study during which participants drove a measurement vehicle through inner-city traffic. Using the driven trajectories and lidar recordings complexity features to describe the surroundings at the intersection, the traffic there and the driving path are defined. The driving behavior is characterized by further features. Based on the complexity features regression models are trained to predict the behavior features. For that, linear regression, random forest and gradient boosting machine are utilized. Different complexity feature sets, including ones that are reduced with the help of an autoencoder, are used for prediction. The results show that the driving behavior can be predicted reliably. However, when using complexity feature sets with only few features the prediction performance is reduced. In order to obtain a complexity score that is in line with human perception of complexity, an online study using videos of approaches to intersections was conducted. In pairwise comparisons participants were asked to identify the more complex situation. From that data complexity scores for the intersection passes included in the study are calculated. Several methods are used to assign these scores to the runs of the original field study. Behavior regression models are trained using these assigned complexity scores. The results show that behavior prediction with the complexity scores is possible, however, most variants require to also consider the turning direction as a second feature. The behavior generation for decision-making at T-intersections is based on a discrete event system (DES). For it, several features are used to define events that describe the status of the decision-making process at the intersection. The events trigger the transitions between the states of the DES. All states are associated with either offensive or defensive driving behavior, which is implemented using the intelligent driver model. The algorithm is validated with a simulation framework. Using a generic map and several real maps, the decision-making model is simulated 14400 times while interacting with further cooperation vehicles. None of these runs resulted in a collision involving the vehicle running the algorithm and the times to pass the intersection can be explained by the numbers of cooperation vehicles and the intersection layouts. Further simulations are used to investigate the influence of limited visibility at the intersections on the model.
Cooperatively Interacting Vehicles
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Author : Christoph Stiller
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-08-02
Cooperatively Interacting Vehicles written by Christoph Stiller and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This open access book explores the recent developments automated driving and Car2x-communications are opening up attractive opportunities future mobility. The DFG priority program “Cooperatively Interacting Automobiles” has focused on the scientific foundations for communication-based automated cooperativity in traffic. Communication among traffic participants allows for safe and convenient traffic that will emerge in swarm like flow. This book investigates requirements for a cooperative transport system, motion generation that is safe and effective and yields social acceptance by all road users, as well as appropriate system architectures and robust cooperative cognition. For many years, traffic will not be fully automated, but automated vehicles share their space with manually driven vehicles, two-wheelers, pedestrians, and others. Such a mixed traffic scenario exhibits numerous facets of potential cooperation. Automated vehicles must understand basic principles of human interaction in traffic situations. Methods for the anticipation of human movement as well as methods for generating behavior that can be anticipated by others are required. Explicit maneuver coordination among automated vehicles using Car2X-communications allows generation of safe trajectories within milliseconds, even in safety-critical situations, in which drivers are unable to communicate and react, whereas today's vehicles delete their information after passing through a situation, cooperatively interacting automobiles should aggregate their knowledge in a collective data and information base and make it available to subsequent traffic.
Autonomous Driving
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Author : Markus Maurer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-21
Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
The Darpa Urban Challenge
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Author : Martin Buehler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-11-26
The Darpa Urban Challenge written by Martin Buehler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major transformation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about by the maturity of the field and the advances in its related technologies. From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities, providing support in services, entertainment, education, healthcare, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across diverse research areas and scientific disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are proving an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the field of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their significance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing field.
Autonomous Vehicles And Future Mobility
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Author : Pierluigi Coppola
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-06-11
Autonomous Vehicles And Future Mobility written by Pierluigi Coppola and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-11 with Transportation categories.
Autonomous Vehicles and Future Mobility presents novel methods for examining the long-term effects on individuals, society, and on the environment for a wide range of forthcoming transport scenarios, such as self-driving vehicles, workplace mobility plans, demand responsive transport analysis, mobility as a service, multi-source transport data provision, and door-to-door mobility. With the development and realization of new mobility options comes change in long-term travel behavior and transport policy. This book addresses these impacts, considering such key areas as the attitude of users towards new services, the consequences of introducing new mobility forms, the impacts of changing work related trips, and more. By examining and contextualizing innovative transport solutions in this rapidly evolving field, the book provides insights into the current implementation of these potentially sustainable solutions. It will serve as a resource of general guidelines and best practices for researchers, professionals and policymakers.
Autonomous Vehicle Technology
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Author : James M. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Release Date : 2014-01-10
Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and has been published by Rand Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-10 with Transportation categories.
The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Traffic Flow Dynamics
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Author : Martin Treiber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-11
Traffic Flow Dynamics written by Martin Treiber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-11 with Science categories.
This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
Roundabouts
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Author : Lee August Rodegerdts
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 2010
Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Technology & Engineering categories.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
Popular Mechanics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000-01
Popular Mechanics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01 with categories.
Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems
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Author : Meng Lu
language : en
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
Release Date : 2019-10-15
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems written by Meng Lu and has been published by Institution of Engineering and Technology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have been a domain of substantial development for more than thirty years, enhancing safety, (energy and fuel) efficiency, comfort, and economic growth. Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), also referred to as Connected Vehicles, are a prelude to, and pave the way towards road transport automation. Vehicle connectivity and information exchange will be an important asset for future highly-automated driving. The book provides a comprehensive insight in the state of the art of C-ITS and automated driving, especially addresses the important role of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, and presents the main achievements (both theory and practice), as well as the challenges in the domain in Europe, the US and Asia/Pacific.