Earthquake Thermodynamics And Phase Transformation In The Earth S Interior
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Earthquake Thermodynamics And Phase Transformation In The Earth S Interior
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Author : Roman Teisseyre
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2000-10-19
Earthquake Thermodynamics And Phase Transformation In The Earth S Interior written by Roman Teisseyre and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-19 with Science categories.
A group of distinguished scientists contributes to the foundations of a new discipline in Earth sciences: earthquake thermodynamics and thermodynamics of formation of the Earth's interior structures. The predictive powers of thermodynamics are so great that those aspiring to model earthquake and the Earth's interior will certainly wish to be able to use the theory. Thermodynamics is our only method of understanding and predicting the behavior of many environmental, atmospheric, and geological processes. The need for Earth scientists to develop a functional knowledge of thermodynamic concepts and methodology is therefore urgent. Sources of an entropy increase the dissipative and self-organizing systems driving the evolution and dynamics of the Universe and Earth through irreversible processes. The non-linear interactions lead to the formation of fractal structures. From the structural phase transformations the important interior boundaries emerge.Non-linear interactions between the defects in solids lead the authors to develop the physics of continua with a dense distribution of defects. Disclinations and dislocations interact during a slow evolution as well as during rapid dynamic events, like earthquakes. Splitting the dynamic processes into the 2D fault done and 3D surrounding space brings a new tool for describing the slip nucleation and propagation along the earthquake faults. Seismic efficiency, rupture velocity, and complexity of seismic source zone are considered from different points of view, fracture band earthquake model is developed on the basis of thermodynamics of line defects, like dislocations. Earthquake thermodynamics offers us a microscopic model of earthquake sources.Physics of defects helps the authors decscribe and explain a number of precursory phenomena caused by the buildup of stresses. Anomalies in electric polarization and electromagnetic radiation prior to earthquakes are considered from this point of view. Through the thermodynamic approach, the authors arrive at the fascinating question of posssibility of earthquake prediction. In general, the Earth is considered here as a multicomponent system. Transport phenomena as well as wave propagation and shock waves are considered in this system subjected also to chemical and phase transformations.
Earthquake Thermodynamics And Phase Transformation In The Earth S Interior
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Earthquake Thermodynamics And Phase Transformation In The Earth S Interior written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Full text e-book available as part of the Elsevier ScienceDirect Earth and Planetary Science subject collection.
International Handbook Of Earthquake Engineering Seismology
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Author : William H.K. Lee
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-09-27
International Handbook Of Earthquake Engineering Seismology written by William H.K. Lee and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-27 with Science categories.
Modern scientific investigations of earthquakes began in the 1880s, and the International Association of Seismology was organized in 1901 to promote collaboration of scientists and engineers in studying earthquakes. The International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, under the auspices of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI), was prepared by leading experts under a distinguished international advisory board and team of editors. The content is organized into 56 chapters and includes over 430 figures, 24 of which are in color. This large-format, comprehensive reference summarizes well-established facts, reviews relevant theories, surveys useful methods and techniques, and documents and archives basic seismic data. It will be the authoritative reference for scientists and engineers and a quick and handy reference for seismologists. Also available is The International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part B. Two CD-ROMs containing additional material packaged with the text
Earthquake Prediction By Seismic Electric Signals
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Author : Mary S. Lazaridou-Varotsos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-07-26
Earthquake Prediction By Seismic Electric Signals written by Mary S. Lazaridou-Varotsos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-26 with Science categories.
As evidenced dramatically and tragically in 2011 alone,earthquakes cause devastation and their consequences in terms of human suffering and economic disaster can last for years or even decades. The VAN method of earthquake prediction, based on the detection and measurement of low frequency electric signals called Seismic Electric Signals (SES), has been researched and evaluated over 30 years, and now constitutes the only earthquake prediction effort that has led to concrete successful results. This book recounts the history of the VAN method, detailing how it has developed and been tested under international scrutiny. Earthquake Prediction by Seismic Electric Signals • describes, step by step, the development of the VAN method since 1981; • explains both the theoretical model underpinning the research and the physical properties of SES; • analyzes the SES recordings and the prediction for each major earthquake in Greece over the last 25 years; • introduces a new time domain, natural time, which plays a key role in predicting impending catastrophic events.
Energy Information Feedback Adaptation And Self Organization
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Author : Spyros G Tzafestas
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-03
Energy Information Feedback Adaptation And Self Organization written by Spyros G Tzafestas and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This unique book offers a comprehensive and integrated introduction to the five fundamental elements of life and society: energy, information, feedback, adaptation, and self-organization. It is divided into two parts. Part I is concerned with energy (definition, history, energy types, energy sources, environmental impact); thermodynamics (laws, entropy definitions, energy, branches of thermodynamics, entropy interpretations, arrow of time); information (communication and transmission, modulation–demodulation, coding–decoding, information theory, information technology, information science, information systems); feedback control (history, classical methodologies, modern methodologies); adaptation (definition, mechanisms, measurement, complex adaptive systems, complexity, emergence); and self-organization (definitions/opinions, self-organized criticality, cybernetics, self-organization in complex adaptive systems, examples in nature). In turn, Part II studies the roles, impacts, and applications of the five above-mentioned elements in life and society, namely energy (biochemical energy pathways, energy flows through food chains, evolution of energy resources, energy and economy); information (information in biology, biocomputation, information technology in office automation, power generation/distribution, manufacturing, business, transportation), feedback (temperature, water, sugar and hydrogen ion regulation, autocatalysis, biological modeling, control of hard/technological and soft/managerial systems), adaptation and self-organization (ecosystems, climate change, stock market, knowledge management, man-made self-organized controllers, traffic lights control).
Meteorology At The Millennium
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Author : Royal Meteorological Society (Great Britain)
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2002
Meteorology At The Millennium written by Royal Meteorological Society (Great Britain) and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Meteorology categories.
Meteorology at the Millennium details recent advances in meteorology and explores its interfaces with science, technology, and society. Ways in which modern meteorology is contributing to the developments in other sciences are described, as well as how atmospheric scientists are learning from colleagues in related disciplines. Meteorology at the Millennium will serve as a point of reference for students and researchers of meteorology and climatology for many years to come. The areas covered include weather prediction at the millennium, climate variability and change, atmosphere-ocean coupling, the biogeochemical system, weather on other planets. This book is a compilation of the best invited papers presented at a conference celebrating the 150 years of the Royal Meteorological Society (RMS).
Ocean Circulation And Climate
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-03-27
Ocean Circulation And Climate written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-27 with Science categories.
The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation. It presents an up-to-date summary of the state of the science relating to the role of the oceans in the physical climate system. The book is structured to guide the reader through the wide range of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) science in a consistent way. Cross-references between contributors have been added, and the book has a comprehensive index and unified reference list. The book is simple to read, at the undergraduate level. It was written by the best scientists in the world who have collaborated to carry out years of experiments to better understand ocean circulation.
Spectral Imaging Of The Atmosphere
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Author : Gordon G. Shepherd
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-07-15
Spectral Imaging Of The Atmosphere written by Gordon G. Shepherd and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-15 with Science categories.
Optical instruments are routinely employed to obtain a wealth of information about the atmosphere, including its composition, temperature, and winds. A bewildering variety of optical instruments have been proposed over the years, making it difficult to decide which instrument should be chosen to make a specific measurement. Spectral Imaging of the Atmosphere traces the historical development of both spectral and imaging methods and places them in a unified framework relevant to observations of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. The underlying concepts of various measurement methodologies are presented and paired with appropriate applications. A selection of specific spectral imaging instruments, appropriate to illustrate each conceptual type, is described in detail.Shepherd's work provides both scientists and engineers with an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts they need to know in order to plan a program of atmospheric measurements. Expected future methods and developments are also presented. Problems designed to test and enhance the reader's understanding of the material are included in each chapter. Provides a unique and unifed approach to the methodology of optical atmospheric observations from the troposphere through the thermosphere, which allows the practitioner to choose the best instrument for a given measurement.Describes state-of-the-art atmospheric observing instruments with an eye to future developments.Includes problems designed to test and enhance students' unerstanding of the material presented in each chapter.Contains concise descriptions of selected current and planned spectral imagers, including the Fabry-Perot spectrometer, the Michelson interferometer and the diffraction grating spectrometer.Written from a scientific perspective in an engineering framework, this work is accessible to atmospheric scientists and instrumentation engineers alike.
Treatise On Geophysics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-04-17
Treatise On Geophysics written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-17 with Science categories.
Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Constitution Of The Earth S Interior
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Author : J. Leliwa-Kopystynski
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-07-29
Constitution Of The Earth S Interior written by J. Leliwa-Kopystynski and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-29 with Science categories.
Constitution of the Earth's Interior discusses the physical and evolutionary principles connecting various elements of the knowledge about structure and dynamics of the Earth's interior. This work is divided into eight chapters that primarily focus on the physical, chemical, and petrological state. This text contains general data on a general stationary model, which is described by equations of state combining the basic parameters, including pressure, temperature, density, gravity acceleration, and mineral composition within the Earth's interior. Considerable chapters concern the chemical and petrological composition of the matter in the Earth's interior. The remaining chapters describe models containing inhomogeneities used to illustrate processes connected with phase transitions. This book will be of great value to geologists, physicists, and researchers.