Earthquakes Risk Detection Warning And Research

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Earthquakes Risk Detection Warning And Research

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Author : Peter Folger
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010

Earthquakes Risk Detection Warning And Research written by Peter Folger and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

This report discusses the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), a program under which the federal government supports efforts to assess and monitor earthquake hazards and risk in the United States. This report also discusses earthquake hazards and risk in the United States; federal programs that support earthquake monitoring; the U.S. capability to detect earthquakes and issue notifications and warnings; and federally supported research to improve the fundamental scientific understanding of earthquakes with a goal of reducing U.S. vulnerability.

Earthquakes

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Author : Peter Folger
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2012-04-29

Earthquakes written by Peter Folger and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-29 with categories.

The United States faces the possibility of large economic losses from earthquake-damaged buildings and infrastructure. The Federal Emergency Management Agency has estimated that earthquakes cost the United States, on average, over $5 billion per year. California, Oregon, and Washington account for nearly $4.1 billion (77%) of the U.S. total estimated average annualized loss. California alone accounts for most of the estimated annualized earthquake losses for the nation. A single large earthquake, however, can cause far more damage than the average annual estimate. The 1994 Northridge (CA) earthquake caused as much as $26 billion (in 2005 dollars) in damage and was one of the costliest natural disasters to strike the United States. One study of the damage caused by a hypothetical magnitude 7.8 earthquake along the San Andreas Fault in southern California projected as many as 1,800 fatalities and more than $200 billion in economic losses. An issue for the 112th Congress is whether existing federally supported programs aimed at reducing U.S. vulnerability to earthquakes are an adequate response to the earthquake hazard. Under the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), four federal agencies have responsibility for long-term earthquake risk reduction: the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). They variously assess U.S. earthquake hazards, deliver notifications of seismic events, develop measures to reduce earthquake hazards, and conduct research to help reduce overall U.S. vulnerability to earthquakes. Congressional oversight of the NEHRP program might revisit how well the four agencies coordinate their activities to address the earthquake hazard. Better coordination was a concern that led to changes to the program in legislation enacted in 2004 (P.L. 108-360). P.L. 108-360 authorized appropriations for NEHRP through FY2009. Total funding enacted from reauthorization through FY2009 was $613.2 million, approximately 68% of the total amount of $902.4 million authorized by P.L. 108-360. Congress appropriated $131.2 million for NEHRP in FY2010, similar to FY2009 funding levels. Also, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA; P.L. 111-5) provided some additional funding for earthquake activities under NEHRP. What effect funding at the levels enacted through FY2010 under NEHRP has had on the U.S. capability to detect earthquakes and minimize losses after an earthquake occurs is difficult to assess. The effectiveness of the NEHRP program is a perennial issue for Congress: it is inherently difficult to capture precisely, in terms of dollars saved or fatalities prevented, the effectiveness of mitigation measures taken before an earthquake occurs. A major earthquake in a populated urban area within the United States would cause damage, and a question becomes how much damage would be prevented by mitigation strategies underpinned by the NEHRP program. Legislation was introduced during the 111th Congress (H.R. 3820) that would have made changes to the program and would have authorized appropriations totaling $906 million over five years for NEHRP. Ninety percent of the funding would have been designated for the USGS and NSF, and the remainder for FEMA and NIST. The bill passed the House but not the Senate. Similar legislation will likely be introduced in the 112th Congress.

Earthquakes

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Author : Taher Zouaghi
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-02-01

Earthquakes written by Taher Zouaghi and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-01 with Science categories.

This book is devoted to diverse aspects of earthquake researches, especially to new achievements in seismicity that involves geosciences, assessment, and mitigation. Chapters contain advanced materials of detailed engineering investigations, which can help more clearly appreciate, predict, and manage different earthquake processes. Different research themes for diverse areas in the world are developed here, highlighting new methods of studies that lead to new results and models, which could be helpful for the earthquake risk. The presented and developed themes mainly concern wave's characterization and decomposition, recent seismic activity, assessment-mitigation, and engineering techniques. The book provides the state of the art on recent progress in earthquake engineering and management. The obtained results show a scientific progress that has an international scope and, consequently, should open perspectives to other still unresolved interesting aspects.

Improved Seismic Monitoring Improved Decision Making

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-01-04

Improved Seismic Monitoring Improved Decision Making written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-04 with Science categories.

Improved Seismic Monitoringâ€"Improved Decision-Making, describes and assesses the varied economic benefits potentially derived from modernizing and expanding seismic monitoring activities in the United States. These benefits include more effective loss avoidance regulations and strategies, improved understanding of earthquake processes, better engineering design, more effective hazard mitigation strategies, and improved emergency response and recovery. The economic principles that must be applied to determine potential benefits are reviewed and the report concludes that although there is insufficient information available at present to fully quantify all the potential benefits, the annual dollar costs for improved seismic monitoring are in the tens of millions and the potential annual dollar benefits are in the hundreds of millions.

Earthquake Research

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Author : Melanie A. Carmichael
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Earthquake Research written by Melanie A. Carmichael and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Seismology categories.

Close to 75 million people in 39 states face some risk from earthquakes. Given the potentially huge costs associated with a large, damaging earthquake in the United States, an ongoing issue for Congress is whether the federally supported earthquake programs are appropriate for the earthquake risk. This book discusses the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) the multi-agency federal program to reduce the nation's risk from earthquakes; earthquake hazards and risk in the U.S.; federal programs that support earthquake monitoring; the U.S. capability to detect earthquakes and issue notifications and warnings and federally supported research to improve the fundamental scientific understanding of earthquakes with a goal of reducing U.S. vulnerability.

Earthquake Hazard Risk And Disasters

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Author : Max Wyss
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-06-16

Earthquake Hazard Risk And Disasters written by Max Wyss and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-16 with Nature categories.

Earthquake Hazard, Risk, and Disasters presents the latest scientific developments and reviews of research addressing seismic hazard and seismic risk, including causality rates, impacts on society, preparedness, insurance and mitigation. The current controversies in seismic hazard assessment and earthquake prediction are addressed from different points of view. Basic tools for understanding the seismic risk and to reduce it, like paleoseismology, remote sensing, and engineering are discussed. Contains contributions from expert seismologists, geologists, engineers and geophysicists selected by a world-renowned editorial board Presents the latest research on seismic hazard and risk assessment, economic impacts, fatality rates, and earthquake preparedness and mitigation Includes numerous illustrations, maps, diagrams and tables addressing earthquake risk reduction Features new insights and reviews of earthquake prediction, forecasting and early warning, as well as basic tools to deal with earthquake risk

Early Warning For Geological Disasters

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Author : Friedemann Wenzel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-08-13

Early Warning For Geological Disasters written by Friedemann Wenzel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Science categories.

The past years have seen new technologies that could be utilized for early warning and real-time loss estimation. They include self-organizing sensor networks, new satellite imagery with high resolution, multi-sensor observational capacities, and crowd sourcing. From this and improved physical models, data processing and communication methodologies a significant step towards better early warning technologies has been achieved by research. At the same time, early warning systems became part of the disaster management practice for instance in Japan and Indonesia. This book marks the important point where: Research activities continue to improve early warning Experience with applications is expanding At this critical point in development of early warning for geological disasters it is timely to provide a volume that documents the state-of-the-art, provides an overview on recent developments and serves as knowledge resource for researcher and practitioners.

Practice Of Earthquake Hazard Assessment

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Author : DIANE Publishing Company
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1993

Practice Of Earthquake Hazard Assessment written by DIANE Publishing Company and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.

Summarizes probabilistic seismic hazard assessment as it is practiced in various countries throughout the world. 59 reports are included covering 88 countries, which comprise about 80% of the inhabited land mass of the Earth. Over 100 maps.

Earthquake Early Warning Systems

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Author : Paolo Gasparini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-10

Earthquake Early Warning Systems written by Paolo Gasparini and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-10 with Science categories.

The book provides information on the major EEW systems in operation and on the state-of-the-art of the different blocks forming an EW system: the rapid detection and estimation of the earthquake’s focal parameters, the signal transmission, the engineering interface and the information reliability/false alarm problem. It is the first time that so many aspects of EEW systems have been specifically focused upon within a single book.

Earthquake Hazards Reduction

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Earthquake Hazards Reduction written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Disasters categories.