Ecohydrologic Evaluation Of Runoff And Erosion Processes On Disturbed Rangeland Ecosystems

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Ecohydrologic Evaluation Of Runoff And Erosion Processes On Disturbed Rangeland Ecosystems

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Author : Christopher Jason Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Ecohydrologic Evaluation Of Runoff And Erosion Processes On Disturbed Rangeland Ecosystems written by Christopher Jason Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Ecological disturbances categories.

Millions of hectares of rangeland in the western United States (US) are undergoing vegetation transitions with important hydrologic ramifications. At low elevations, annual grass invasions have increased wildfire frequency and size. Infilling of pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper ( Juniperus spp.) woodlands and their encroachment of shrub steppe at mid-elevations have increased the modern occurrence of high-severity fires. Conversion of shrubland communities to woodlands throughout much of the western US has altered the ecological structure and function of these ecosystems. These disturbances elicit hydrologic and erosion responses that pose hazards to ecological resources, property, and life. This dissertation addresses these impacts in a series of papers focused on: 1) current knowledge regarding wildfire effects on hydrology and erosion, 2) fire impacts on infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes across point to hillslope scales, 3) hydrologic and erosion process connectivity as a driver of post-disturbance erosion, and 4) tool development for evaluating ecohydrologic impacts of vegetation transitions, management practices, and wildfire. Results demonstrate that knowledge has advanced regarding disturbance effects on runoff and erosion, but the ability to forecast hydrologic responses in the wake of ongoing transitions on western rangelands remains limited. This study presents a conceptual model for evaluating hydrologic vulnerability. A review of literature indicates quantitative population of the model requires improved understanding in several key areas: 1) spatial scaling of post-fire hydrologic process responses across diverse landscapes, 2) quantification of interactions between varying storm intensities and measures of site susceptibility, and 3) quantification and prediction of soil water repellency effects. Runoff and erosion experiments in this study demonstrate that hillslope hydrologic vulnerability and recovery following disturbance is strongly governed by runoff and erosion process connectivity, and that connectivity of processes is dictated by the magnitude of water input and the spatial connectivity of ground-surface susceptibility to runoff generation and sediment detachment. This study concludes with a framework for integrating these key ecohydrologic relationships into a commonly applied rangeland management tool, Ecological Site Descriptions. The proposed framework increases the utility of Ecological Site Descriptions to assess rangelands, target management practices, and predict hydrologic responses to disturbances such as fire and plant community transitions.

Journal Of Soil And Water Conservation

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Journal Of Soil And Water Conservation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Soil conservation categories.

Vol. 25, no. 1 contains the society's Lincoln Chapter's Resource conservation glossary.

Biological Soil Crusts Spatio Temporal Development And Ecological Functions Of Soil Surface Microbial Communities Across Different Scales

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Author : Shubin Lan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-08-09

Biological Soil Crusts Spatio Temporal Development And Ecological Functions Of Soil Surface Microbial Communities Across Different Scales written by Shubin Lan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-09 with Science categories.

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are widely distributed throughout the world, and cover approximately 12% of the terrestrial surface. Biocrusts are composed of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, mosses, and a great diversity of other microorganisms, which bind soil particles together to form a layer of biological-soil matrix on the soil surface typically of several millimetres thickness. They are important sites of regional and global microbial diversity and perform multiple ecological functions (multifunctionality). During the evolution of terrestrial life on earth, biocrusts are regarded as the main colonising photosynthetic organisms before the advent of vascular vegetation. They not only represent the early stages of terrestrial ecosystems, but also facilitate the ecosystem’s development and succession. Therefore, biocrusts are recognised as ecological engineers in the natural development of ecosystems and for the restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems. The development of biocrusts is highly heterogeneous, which is reflected on both temporal and spatial scales, and this heterogeneity is still clearly visible even in a small scale. However, up to now, only limited knowledge is acquired on biocrust temporal and spatial organisation. In particular there still is a large knowledge gap regarding the various biocrust communities under different developmental states and their related physiological metabolisms and ecological functions. Therefore, in-depth studies of these issues will undoubtedly further promote our understanding of the heterogeneous development of biocrusts, as well as their ecological multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. The relevant contributions are expected to provide a scientific basis for the management of biocrusts and technology development (e.g. cyanobacteria-induced biocrust technology) for ecological restoration and the promotion of soil health.

Rangeland Ecology Management

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Rangeland Ecology Management written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Ranching categories.

Current Insights In Drylands

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Author : Niall Patrick Hanan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-04-05

Current Insights In Drylands written by Niall Patrick Hanan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-05 with Science categories.

We are now entering the third decade of the 21st century, and recent drylands-focused research has led to major advances in our understanding of the coupled roles of climatic, edaphic, biotic, and anthropogenic processes in dryland ecosystem function, degradation, and sustainable management. Frontiers has organized a series of Research Topics to highlight the latest advancements in science in order to be at the forefront of science in different fields of research. This editorial initiative, led by Professor Niall Hanan, Specialty Chief Editor of the Drylands section, together with Dr. Lindsay Hutley, is focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the drylands field.

Landscape Ecology For Sustainable Environment And Culture

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Author : Bojie Fu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-26

Landscape Ecology For Sustainable Environment And Culture written by Bojie Fu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-26 with Science categories.

Climate change and the pressures of escalating human demands on the environment have had increasing impacts on landscapes across the world. In this book, world-class scholars discuss current and pressing issues regarding the landscape, landscape ecology, social and economic development, and adaptive management. Topics include the interaction between landscapes and ecological processes, landscape modeling, the application of landscape ecology in understanding cultural landscapes, biodiversity, climate change, landscape services, landscape planning, and adaptive management to provide a comprehensive view that allows readers to form their own opinions. Professor Bojie Fu is an Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chair of scientific committee at the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Professor K. Bruce Jones is the Executive Director for Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Division at Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA.

Ecohydrology Based Landscape Restoration

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Author : Mulugeta Dadi Belete
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-08-19

Ecohydrology Based Landscape Restoration written by Mulugeta Dadi Belete and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-19 with Nature categories.

This book provides an introduction to a fairly new approach to natural resources management practice entitled ecohydrology-based landscape restoration. Ecohydrology-based landscape restoration integrates landscape restoration practices with ecohydrology science and principles in order to help address the limitations of current management practices in developing countries. Focusing on both the theory and practice of implementing new management practices, the book includes conceptual designs and practical demonstrations for a variety of sites, including hillsides, farmlands, gullies, riparian buffers and wetlands, while also drawing on field research conducted in Ethiopia. The book puts forward principles for improving current practices, which include the better integration of hydrological and ecological concerns, the greater involvement of local communities, the adoption of indigenous practices, the establishment of green and semi-grey infrastructure as an ecohydrological systemic solution and the necessity of taking an adaptive approach to managing landscapes. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, ecohydrology and landscape restoration as well as professionals involved in the restoration of landscapes in developing countries.

Soil Moisture Importance

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Author : Ram Swaroop Meena
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-03-24

Soil Moisture Importance written by Ram Swaroop Meena and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-24 with Science categories.

Poor soil and water management are often related to insufficient or poor rainfall distribution around the world. In modern agriculture, over-cultivation, deforestation, overgrazing, and high dependence on an irrigated cropping system with water-intensive crops increase soil and water erosion. This book examines ways of improving soil moisture management to support environmental, food, social, and economic security under a sustainable ecosystem.

Charcoal Food And Water Production In The Tropics Applying Nexus Thinking To Improve Research And Policy Approaches In Complex Landscapes

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Author : Tuyeni Heita Mwampamba
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-02-04

Charcoal Food And Water Production In The Tropics Applying Nexus Thinking To Improve Research And Policy Approaches In Complex Landscapes written by Tuyeni Heita Mwampamba and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-04 with categories.

Editorial: Tuyeni H Mwampamba, Rob Bailis, Adrian Ghilardi Urbanization, food, and water consumption trends in many tropical countries show that demand for charcoal (as a source of cooking energy), meat, grain and water will rise to proportions that surpass the ability of existing ecosystems to supply these services simultaneously and at desired qualities. Consequently, drastic changes to policy and practice are needed to improve ecosystem potential and/or alter demand trends. Traditional charcoal production in sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and Latin America often competes or co-exists with livestock keeping and agriculture and has a tendency to occur in water-limited woodlands. The co-occurrence of charcoal and food production results in complex landscapes characterized by strong interactions between subsystems, managed by multiple sets of actors, with potentially competing objectives. These social-ecological systems provide goods and services that are essential to millions of people throughout the global south. Nevertheless, there have been very few detailed studies of such systems, particularly on the individual and combined effects of charcoal, crop, and livestock production on the hydrological system that maintains them and vice versa. As a result, these multi-use landscapes are typically managed by short-sighted, highly generalized, mono-sectorial policies that ignore important tradeoffs and undercapitalize on synergies. A system-level approach could provide important insights that improve and expand current understanding of this energy-food-water nexus. Tackling urgent and complex problems composed of multiple and interrelated factors lies at the heart of nexus thinking - an approach that “examines the inter-relatedness and interdependencies of environmental resources and their transitions and fluxes across spatial scales and between compartments” (UNU-FLORES 2015) and relies on interdisciplinary research and multi-sector policy teams. It has attracted significant interest from international organizations, the private sector and governments as a way to develop integrated equitable solutions that involve inputs from multiple stakeholders. However, this approach is notably absent in the research arena. Identifying appropriate interventions for achieving sustainable charcoal and food production and maintaining the underlying hydrological system on which they depend requires that the systems are considered simultaneously and that their biophysical, social, and political inter-relations are well understood. Taking charcoal as the nexus entry-point, this Research Topic aims to generate new understanding of charcoal production systems by incorporating agriculture and hydrology into the matrix. We were interested in empirical articles, reviews, meta-analytical articles and perspective papers that address at least two of the three nexus components and which offer provocative and insightful perspectives into the nexus as a whole. We hope that this Research Topic will 1) facilitate identification of research gaps, policy opportunities and priorities for the nexus, 2) kick-start the development of a community of researchers and practitioners working on the nexus, and 3) permit the development of a research agenda that explores the nexus globally across multiple study sites.

Ecology Of Desert Systems

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Author : Walter G. Whitford
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-08-20

Ecology Of Desert Systems written by Walter G. Whitford and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-20 with Science categories.

Nearly one-third of the land area on our planet is classified as arid or desert. Therefore, an understanding of the dynamics of such arid ecosystems is essential to managing those systems in a way that sustains human populations. This second edition of Ecology of Desert Systems provides a clear, extensive guide to the complex interactions involved in these areas. This book details the relationships between abiotic and biotic environments of desert ecosystems, demonstrating to readers how these interactions drive ecological processes. These include plant growth and animal reproductive success, the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation and animals, and the influence of invasive species and anthropogenic climate change specific to arid systems. Drawing on the extensive experience of its expert authors, Ecology of Desert Systems is an essential guide to arid ecosystems for students looking for an overview of the field, researchers keen to learn how their work fits in to the overall picture, and those involved with environmental management of desert areas. - Highlights the complexity of global desert systems in a clear, concise way - Reviews the most current issues facing researchers in the field, including the spread of invasive species due to globalized trade, the impact of industrial mining, and climate change - Updated and extended to include information on invasive species management, industrial mining impacts, and the current and future role of climate change in desert systems