Ecological Rationality
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Ecological Rationality
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Author : Peter M. Todd
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2012-04-10
Ecological Rationality written by Peter M. Todd and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-10 with Psychology categories.
"More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always better, and optimization is best." More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our vision of rationality. Yet humans and other animals typically rely on simple heuristics to solve adaptive problems, focusing on one or a few important cues and ignoring the rest, and shortcutting computation rather than striving for as much as possible. In this book, we argue that in an uncertain world, more information and computation are not always better, and we ask when, and why, less can be more. The answers to these questions constitute the idea of ecological rationality: how we are able to achieve intelligence in the world by using simple heuristics matched to the environments we face, exploiting the structures inherent in our physical, biological, social, and cultural surroundings.
Bounds Of Freedom
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Author : Mahasweta Chaudhury
language : en
Publisher: Rodopi
Release Date : 2004
Bounds Of Freedom written by Mahasweta Chaudhury and has been published by Rodopi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Philosophy categories.
Dr Chaudhury is concerned to defend what is responsible and hopeful in contemporary ecological thinking, but to avoid the trap of denying that any positive contribution can be made by western science and technology. Critical rationalists do not need to agree with her suggestions and recommendations in order to welcome her positioning of environmental issues alongside the traditional human and political debates about freedom. The Indian perspective that informs this book is particularly impressive and interesting. David Miller (University of Warwick) Professor Mahasweta Chaudhury is Professor for Philosophy at Calcutta University in India. In the late sixties she studied at the London School of Economics under Karl Popper, John Watkins, Alan Musgrave and Imre Lakatos.
Ecological Rationality In Spatial Planning
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Author : Carlo Rega
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-16
Ecological Rationality In Spatial Planning written by Carlo Rega and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-16 with Political Science categories.
Spatial planning defines how men use one of the most important and scarce resources on Earth: land. Planners therefore play a key role in countering or deepening the current ecological crisis. To foster ecological transitions, planning scholars and practitioners need to be equipped with sound theories and practical tools. To this end, this book advocates a re-foundation of spatial planning under the paradigm of “ecological rationality”, based on the revaluation of early pioneers of ecological planning and mutual fertilization with different disciplines, including decision-making science, ecology, (eco)system theory, land use science and political ecology. The key principles of ecological rationality and its application to spatial planning are discussed and this conceptual framework is used to explain the main underlying drivers of ecological degradation and their spatial manifestations at the local level. Current policy instruments in the European context, which can be used to underpin ecological planning, such as Green Infrastructure and the Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem Service (MAES) initiative, are also examined.
Deliberative Environmental Politics
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Author : Walter F. Baber
language : en
Publisher: Mit Press
Release Date : 2005
Deliberative Environmental Politics written by Walter F. Baber and has been published by Mit Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
Linking theory and practice, this book explores the potential of deliberative democracy to produce more effective environmental policy.
Rationality In Economics
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Author : Vernon L. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-11-05
Rationality In Economics written by Vernon L. Smith and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-05 with Business & Economics categories.
The principal findings of experimental economics are that impersonal exchange in markets converges in repeated interaction to the equilibrium states implied by economic theory, under information conditions far weaker than specified in the theory. In personal, social, and economic exchange, as studied in two-person games, cooperation exceeds the prediction of traditional game theory. This book relates these two findings to field studies and applications and integrates them with the main themes of the Scottish Enlightenment and with the thoughts of F. A. Hayek: through emergent socio-economic institutions and cultural norms, people achieve ends that are unintended and poorly understood. In cultural changes, the role of constructivism, or reason, is to provide variation, and the role of ecological processes is to select the norms and institutions that serve the fitness needs of societies.
Ecological Rationality
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Author : Peter M. Todd
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-04-10
Ecological Rationality written by Peter M. Todd and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-10 with Psychology categories.
"More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always better, and optimization is best." More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our vision of rationality. Yet humans and other animals typically rely on simple heuristics to solve adaptive problems, focusing on one or a few important cues and ignoring the rest, and shortcutting computation rather than striving for as much as possible. In this book, we argue that in an uncertain world, more information and computation are not always better, and we ask when, and why, less can be more. The answers to these questions constitute the idea of ecological rationality: how we are able to achieve intelligence in the world by using simple heuristics matched to the environments we face, exploiting the structures inherent in our physical, biological, social, and cultural surroundings.
Rationality And Nature
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Author : Raymond Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-02-07
Rationality And Nature written by Raymond Murphy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-07 with Social Science categories.
Divergent beliefs about humanity's relationship to nature collide as the second millenium ends. One belief emphasizes that a distinctive characteristic of humans—reason—enables them to reshape and master nature. Another insists that nature is not so plastic, hence humans must adapt to nature and render development sustainable, or even limit growth. "Social ecology" asserts that environmental problems result from institutional hierarchies and suggests decentralized institutions and egalitarian ethics. According to "deep ecology" such problems originate in cultures assuming only humans are worthwhile, thus it stresses the intrinsic value of nature. Feminists are torn between values based on the equality of men and women and ecofeminist values postulating that women are inherently closer to nature than men. Rationality and Nature critically assesses these conflicting cultural tendencies. Waste has been the forgotten element of political economy. Western society has sophisticated methods of financial accounting but does little to account for the losses—financial and human—of waste. Raymond Murphy proposes in this book a theory of environmental debt as a source of capital accumulation. He develops a model of "environmental classes" that helps us to understand the political and economic basis of conflict over the environment. Environmental degradation did not occur on a vast scale until science and applied science were developed. Are they responsible for it and can they be reoriented toward a more symbiotic relationship with nature? Other ways of bringing about a symbiotic relationship are also explored in this book: compulsion, ecological values, ecological experience, and ecological knowledge.
Rationality And The Environment
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Author : Bo Elling
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2012
Rationality And The Environment written by Bo Elling and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Architecture categories.
Environmental assessment and management involve the production of scientific knowledge and its use in decision-making processes. The result is that within these essentially rational, political assessment frameworks, experts are creating and applying scientific knowledge for decision and management purposes that actually have strong ethical and aesthetic dimensions. Yet these rational political frameworks lack the tools to provide guidance on ethical and aesthetic issues that affect the wider public.This revolutionary work argues that ethical and aesthetic dimensions can only be brought into environmental politics and policies by citizens actively taking a stand on the specific matters in question. The author draws on Habermas trisection of rationality as cognitive-instrumental, moral-practical and aesthetic-expressive, to suggest that truly effective environmental policy needs to activate all three approaches and not favour only the rational. To achieve this objective, the author argues that public participation in environmental policy and assessment is necessary to counteract the dictatorship of technical and economic instrumentality in environmental policy - the failure to take ethical and aesthetic rationalities into account - and, more importantly, how such policy is applied on the ground to shape our natural and material world.
Environmental Culture
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Author : Val Plumwood
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-09-15
Environmental Culture written by Val Plumwood and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-15 with Philosophy categories.
In this much-needed account of what has gone wrong in our thinking about the environment, Val Plumwood digs at the roots of environmental degradation. She argues that we need to see nature as an end itself, rather than an instrument to get what we want. Using a range of examples, Plumwood presents a radically new picture of how our culture must change to accommodate nature.
The Logic Of Sufficiency
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Author : Thomas Princen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2005-09-30
The Logic Of Sufficiency written by Thomas Princen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-30 with Political Science categories.
What if modern society put a priority on the material security of its citizens and the ecological integrity of its resource base? What if it took ecological constraint as a given, not a hindrance but a source of long-term economic security? How would it organize itself, structure its industry, shape its consumption? Across time and across cultures, people actually have adapted to ecological constraint. They have changed behavior; they have built institutions. And they have developed norms and principles for their time. Today's environmental challenges—at once global, technological, and commercial—require new behaviors, new institutions, and new principles. In this highly original work, Thomas Princen builds one such principle: sufficiency. Sufficiency is not about denial, not about sacrifice or doing without. Rather, when resource depletion and overconsumption are real, sufficiency is about doing well. It is about good work and good governance; it is about goods that are good only to a point. With examples ranging from timbering and fishing to automobility and meat production, Princen shows that sufficiency is perfectly sensible and yet absolutely contrary to modern society's dominant principle, efficiency. He argues that seeking enough when more is possible is both intuitive and rational—personally, organizationally and ecologically rational. And under global ecological constraint, it is ethical. Over the long term, an economy—indeed a society—cannot operate as if there's never enough and never too much.