Ecological Risks Associated With The Destruction Of Chemical Weapons
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Ecological Risks Associated With The Destruction Of Chemical Weapons
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Author : Vladimir M. Kolodkin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-08-29
Ecological Risks Associated With The Destruction Of Chemical Weapons written by Vladimir M. Kolodkin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-29 with Science categories.
1 2 Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mikhailovitsh Kolodkin , Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Ruck 1 Institute of Natural and Technogenic Disasters, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk (Russia), 2 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, University Lüneburg (Germany) During the Cold War a whole arsenal of deadly chemical weapons was allowed to build up on both sides of the ideological divide. Happily, today the problems are reversed. Expertise is now required in the field of safe and environment-friendly disposal of chemical weapons and cleaning up of contaminated sites all around the world, but not least in the ex-Soviet-led countries. The participants and speakers to the NATO-Russia advanced research workshop on the “Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of nd th Chemical Weapons”, hosted by the University of Lüneburg on 22 - 26 October, 2003, therefore, came from many different parts of the world. Of the eight countries represented at the workshop, two were ex-Eastern- Block, and six were Western countries. Yet the West was by no means overrepresented. On the contrary, the Russian expert-speaker contingent, with 33 participants, did justice to the size of their country – and to their chemical-weapons problem – and provided the majority of active participants. In all, there were 57 participants, of which 11 dispatched from the TACIS project “The development of the chemical weapons” facility at the detached plant No 4 of OAO Khimprom, Novocheboksarsk.
Chemical Weapons Destruction And Explosive Waste
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Author : Robert Noyes
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1996-12-31
Chemical Weapons Destruction And Explosive Waste written by Robert Noyes and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-12-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.
Sea Dumped Chemical Weapons Aspects Problems And Solutions
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Author : A.V. Kaffka
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Sea Dumped Chemical Weapons Aspects Problems And Solutions written by A.V. Kaffka and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
This volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations.
Environmental Consequences Of War And Aftermath
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Author : Tarek A. Kassim
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-03-24
Environmental Consequences Of War And Aftermath written by Tarek A. Kassim and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-24 with Science categories.
and used in munitions. Rather the requirements for the agent’s military effects took precedence. In addition, the interaction among the political, technical, and legal challenges connected with the known or possible risks posed by CW agents is complex and sometimes not well understood. This is usually because technical considerations, when acted on, are almost invariably informed by political ones, such as various legal requirements. The book contains nine chapters covering different aspects of the research on environmental consequences of war and its aftermath and covers in one additional chapter more general issues such as prevention of war and its environmental c- sequences, the legal, political, and technical background to selected environmental and human health effects of CW agents, and the atmospheric transport and depo- tion of persistent organic pollutants under warfare conditions to more specific ones related to two main tragic examples: the war in the Balkans and the Gulf War. Aspects of the war in the Balkans cover contamination by heavy metals in Serbian national parks, the impact of NATO strikes on the Danube river basin, and the problems associated with transuranium elements. The Gulf War in Kuwait covers other problems related to the impact of oil contamination, the impact on grou- water resources, and the soil damage of ground fortifications among other envir- mental and health problems.
By Fire And Ice
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Author : David A. Koplow
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-01-26
By Fire And Ice written by David A. Koplow and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-26 with History categories.
This book, first published in 1997, examines the forced merger between national security interests and environmental policy makers arising from the Chemical Weapons Convention and its requirement to safely dismantle the world’s chemical weapons stockpiles. The two groups had to find a way to intersect and work together, and this book analyses the problems and politics involved.
Chemical Weapons
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Author : Sipri
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-01-26
Chemical Weapons written by Sipri and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-26 with History categories.
This book, first published in 1980, presents the findings of the SIPRI-organized 1979 international symposium on the destruction and conversion of chemical weapons. Thirty experts from 14 countries discussed the destruction and conversion of present stockpiles of chemical warfare agents and munitions; the destruction and conversion of CW research and development facilities; verification of compliance, and confidence-building measures facilitating verification; and the environmental and occupational health hazards involved in maintaining and in disposing of stockpiles of CW agents and munitions.
Evaluation Of Safety And Environmental Metrics For Potential Application At Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-07-15
Evaluation Of Safety And Environmental Metrics For Potential Application At Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-15 with Science categories.
By the end of 2009, more than 60 percent of the global chemical weapons stockpile declared by signatories to the Chemical Weapons Convention will have been destroyed, and of the 184 signatories, only three countries will possess chemical weapons-the United States, Russia, and Libya. In the United States, destruction of the chemical weapons stockpile began in 1990, when Congress mandated that the Army and its contractors destroy the stockpile while ensuring maximum safety for workers, the public, and the environment. The destruction program has proceeded without serious exposure of any worker or member of the public to chemical agents, and risk to the public from a storage incident involving the aging stockpile has been reduced by more than 90 percent from what it was at the time destruction began on Johnston Island and in the continental United States. At this time, safety at chemical agent disposal facilities is far better than the national average for all industries. Even so, the Army and its contractors are desirous of further improvement. To this end, the Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) asked the NRC to assist by reviewing CMA's existing safety and environmental metrics and making recommendations on which additional metrics might be developed to further improve its safety and environmental programs.
Environmental Hazards Of War
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Author : International Peace Research Institute
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications Limited
Release Date : 1990
Environmental Hazards Of War written by International Peace Research Institute and has been published by SAGE Publications Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Education categories.
Presents the facts on how the conventional weapons present today in the arsenals of the major nations could lead to environmental destruction over huge areas for long periods of time.
Weapons Of Mass Destruction And The Environment
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Author : Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Weapons Of Mass Destruction And The Environment written by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with History categories.
"This book describes several weapons of mass destruction and examines the extent and duration of environmental damage to be expected from them"--Jacket.
Analytical Chemistry Associated With The Destruction Of Chemical Weapons
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Author : M. Heyl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Analytical Chemistry Associated With The Destruction Of Chemical Weapons written by M. Heyl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
One of the major problems associated with the disposal of chemical weapons is that the agents have degraded over time, some quite seriously. Detecting and identifying the products of this decomposition are necessary prerequisites to the safe, complete and environmentally benign destruction of stockpiled weapons. The book presents and discusses both basic and novel techniques in a variety of areas of analytical chemistry which are relevant to achieving the ultimate destruction of chemical weapons. Presentations address sample collection and preparation, mass spectrometry, chromatographic techniques, NMR, and air monitoring techniques. The work shows that analytical methods do exist to effectively support the destruction of chemical munitions. While further research is needed, the book provides an excellent baseline for further advances in the field.