Ecology And Decline Of Red Spruce In The Eastern United States
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Ecology And Decline Of Red Spruce In The Eastern United States
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Author : Mary B. Adams
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Ecology And Decline Of Red Spruce In The Eastern United States written by Mary B. Adams and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In the early 1980s there were several published reports of recent, unexplained increases in mortality of red spruce in the Adirondack Mountains and the northern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. These reports coincided with documentation of reductions in radial growth of several species of pine in the southeastern United States, and with the severe, rapid, and widespread decline of Norway spruce, silver fir, and some hardwoods in central Europe. In all of these instances, atmospheric deposition was hypothesized as the cause of the decline. (Throughout this volume, we use the term "decline" to refer to a loosely synchronized regional-scale deterioration of tree health which is brought about by a combination of stress factors. These may be biotic or abiotic in nature, and the combinations may differ from site to site. ) Heated public debate about the causes and possible cures for these forest declines ensued. Through the course of this debate, it became clear that information about forest health and air pollution effects on forests was inadequate to meet policymakers' needs. Ecology and Decline of Red Spruce in the Eastern United States addresses that gap for eastern spruce fir forests and represents the culmination of a great deal of research conducted in recent years. The focus is on red spruce because the decline of red spruce was both dramatic and inexplicable and because of the great amount of information gathered on red spruce.
Ecology And Decline Of Red Spruce In The Eastern United States
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Author : Christopher Eagar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992-06-25
Ecology And Decline Of Red Spruce In The Eastern United States written by Christopher Eagar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-06-25 with categories.
This book focuses on the recent decline of red spruce and the role of acid rain and associated air pollutants in this decline. The purpose of the book is to summarize a large body of recent research on this important environmental issue. The book is divided into 3 sections: Section I summarizes the features of spruce-fir forests in the Eastern U.S. and examines the ecology of the forests, their soils, and the atmospheric conditions experienced by these forests. Section II looks at experimental results from many air pollution studies and evaluates mechanisms of air pollution effects on red spruce trees. Section III synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the widespread red spruce decline in forests of the eastern United States.
Symptomatology Trend Of Tree Condition Of Red Spruce Balsam Fir
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Symptomatology Trend Of Tree Condition Of Red Spruce Balsam Fir written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Balsam fir categories.
The Productivity And Sustainability Of Southern Forest Ecosystems In A Changing Environment
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Author : Robert Mickler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Productivity And Sustainability Of Southern Forest Ecosystems In A Changing Environment written by Robert Mickler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The research presented here provides a sound scientific basis for management and policy decisions regarding the productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems in the context of a rapidly changing global environment. It is the synthesis of 5 years of field and laboratory research on southern forests conducted by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service to provide scientific assessments to the US Global Change Research Program, and, as such, is invaluable for policy makers and land use managers.
Responses Of Northern U S Forests To Environmental Change
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Author : Robert A. Mickler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Responses Of Northern U S Forests To Environmental Change written by Robert A. Mickler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Five years of research carried out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Services' Northern Global Change Program, contributing to our understanding of the effects of multiples stresses on forest ecosystems over multiple spatial and temporal scales. At the physiological level, reports explore changes in growth and biomass, species composition, and wildlife habitat; at the landscape scale, the abundance distribution, and dynamics of species, populations, and communities are addressed. Chapters include studies of nutrient depletion, climate and atmospheric deposition, carbon and nitrogen cycling, insect and disease outbreaks, biotic feedbacks with the atmosphere, interacting effects of multiple stresses, and modeling the regional effects of global change. The book provides sound ecological information for policymakers and land-use planners as well as for researchers in ecology, forestry, atmospheric science, soil science and biogeochemistry.
Plant Responses To The Gaseous Environment
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Author : A.R. Wellburn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Plant Responses To The Gaseous Environment written by A.R. Wellburn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The study of air pollution effects on vegetation has made rapid progress in the last five years. Growing concerns about effects of future increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (C0 ) levels on plant life have altered 2 the perspective of plant biologists in the field of pollutant-plant inter actions. In many cases, it is anticipated that crops and trees will increasingly experience multiple stresses in an altered environment: an environment in which physiological processes will no longer be matched to climate. Because of this problem, a major part of the focus of the air pollution effects research has shifted since 1987. Moreover, recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolic and molecular responses to stress have made it clear that many abiotic stresses elicit similar fundamental mechanisms. Adaptation responses to drought, extremes of temperature, xenobiotics and air pollutants are now known to involve the response of both specific and common resistance mechanisms, which often include altered gene expression. The field of air pollution effects on vegetation has benefitted greatly from this unification since results obtained and advances made in allied fields are now directly relevant. The advent of molecular genetics has made possible the production of transgenic plants containing altered amounts of resistance gene products which enables the posing of experimental questions which could not be addressed only five years ago. Hypotheses concerning the relevance of specific metabolites and processes to known responses to air pollution stress can now be tested.
Report To Congress
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Author : National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Report To Congress written by National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Acid deposition categories.
Napap Biennial Report To Congress
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Author : National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Napap Biennial Report To Congress written by National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Acid deposition categories.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
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Author : National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program written by National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Acid Precipitation categories.
Proceedings Ecology Survey And Management Of Forest Insects
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Author : Michael L. McManus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Proceedings Ecology Survey And Management Of Forest Insects written by Michael L. McManus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Forest insects categories.