Economic And Environmental Cost Sssessment Of Wastewater Treatment Systems
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Economic And Environmental Cost Sssessment Of Wastewater Treatment Systems
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Author : Greg McNamara
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Economic And Environmental Cost Sssessment Of Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Greg McNamara and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Wastewater treatment systems have economic and environmental costs associated with their construction and operation. These costs vary with location because of the specific conditions under which a treatment plant must be built and operated. A challenge for authorities is selecting the most appropriate treatment system for a given location. This requires an understanding of how competing systems will perform in a given scenario, and how variations in performance influence the associated costs. Small agglomerations in particular face unique challenges during system selection. These are often rural communities where access to resources and wastewater treatment expertise may be minimal, or come at a higher cost. It is, therefore, evident that appropriate system assessment tools are required to assist in the selection process. The objective of this study was to present a methodology to assess system performance under changing conditions, and elucidate the trade-offs that can occur between capital and operational costs, environmental impact categories, and ultimately between the overall economic and environmental costs. A review of the literature has determined that the life cycle approach provides a holistic understanding of the actual cost of system implementation. Thus, life cycle costing and life cycle assessment were the analytical frameworks selected for the study. A decision support tool that integrated both frameworks was developed to facilitate system analysis in user-defined, site-specific scenarios. Life cycle inventories were compiled with data collected from a selection of wastewater treatment plants, and from life cycle assessment process datasets. The life cycle cost data were compiled from a variety of academic and industry sources. To assess the methodology, ten wastewater treatment systems were evaluated under a range of predetermined site-specific scenarios that varied in scale, loading, discharge limits, and method of sludge disposal. In general, system analyses showed that treatment systems with the capacity to mitigate energy and chemical consumption exhibited more favourable economic and environmental life cycle profiles. The methodology illustrated the importance of conducting system assessment from a life cycle perspective and highlighted system processes and components that provide the greatest potential for system improvement and cost savings.
Economic Valuation Of Wastewater
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Author : United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
language : en
Publisher: United Nations
Release Date : 2016-02-26
Economic Valuation Of Wastewater written by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and has been published by United Nations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-26 with Political Science categories.
This book presents the results of an analytical study on the economic valuation for wastewater, comparing the cost of no action versus the cost of effective wastewater management. Although economic valuation of wastewater management is complex, it remains an important tool to guide policymakers and investors to take informed decisions. A financial analysis of wastewater management looks at its private costs and benefits and can underpin decision making from a business or treatment plant operator standpoint.
Economic Valuation Of Wastewater
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Author : United Nations Publications
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2017-03-31
Economic Valuation Of Wastewater written by United Nations Publications and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-31 with Political Science categories.
This book presents the results of an analytical study on the economic valuation for wastewater, comparing the cost of no action versus the cost of effective wastewater management. One of the Millennium Development Goals adopted by the United Nations was to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation by 2015. Further, at the Rio+20 Summit in June 2012, governments recognised the need to adopt measures to significantly reduce water pollution, increase water quality and significantly improve wastewater treatment which is now reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals. To achieve these objectives, substantial investment in sanitation including septage and sewage management is required, in particular in developing countries. A financial analysis of wastewater management looks at its private costs and benefits and can underpin decision making from a business or treatment plant operator standpoint. Economic analysis looks at the broader costs and benefits for society, providing information for public policy decisions to support improvements in wastewater management. Adequate wastewater collection, treatment, and safe use or disposal can lead to significant environmental and health benefits. However, because some of these benefits do not have a market price, they have not traditionally been considered in the financial analysis of wastewater treatment projects, therefore underestimating total benefits.
Economic Assessment Of Waste Water Aquaculture Treatment Systems
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Author : Upton B. Henderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Economic Assessment Of Waste Water Aquaculture Treatment Systems written by Upton B. Henderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Aquacultural engineering categories.
Cost Analysis Of Water Pollution Control
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Author : Dennis P. Tihansky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Cost Analysis Of Water Pollution Control written by Dennis P. Tihansky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Water quality management categories.
A Rational Approach To Decision Making In The Regionalization Of Wastewater Treatment Systems
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Author : Dennis W. Weeter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
A Rational Approach To Decision Making In The Regionalization Of Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Dennis W. Weeter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Sewage disposal categories.
Application Of Decision Analysis To Technology Assessment An Assessment Of Decentralized Waste Treatment Methods
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Author : Stanford University. Engineering-Economic Systems Department. Decisions and Ethics Center
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Application Of Decision Analysis To Technology Assessment An Assessment Of Decentralized Waste Treatment Methods written by Stanford University. Engineering-Economic Systems Department. Decisions and Ethics Center and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Sewage disposal categories.
Rural Lakes Alternative Waste Treatment Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Rural Lakes Alternative Waste Treatment Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
The Cost Of Clean Water And Its Economic Impact
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Author : United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Cost Of Clean Water And Its Economic Impact written by United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Pollution categories.
Life Cycle Cost Approach For Management Of Environmental Resources
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Author : V. Ratna Reddy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-22
Life Cycle Cost Approach For Management Of Environmental Resources written by V. Ratna Reddy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-22 with Science categories.
This book demonstrates the application of Life-cycle Cost Approach (LCCA) in the management of infrastructure and other investment projects in the context of developing countries. The main goal is to identify potential opportunities for the adoption LCCA in developing countries, with the help of case studies and best practices. The editors observe that developing countries are plagued with poor and fluctuating service delivery which affords low or no priority for environmental protection. They seek to instill at the policy-making level an understanding of why life-cycle cost assessment is central to achieving the goals of sustainable development as well as sustainable service delivery and to influence the behavior of sector stakeholders. The editors examine the evolution of LCCA from a project appraisal tool to a more comprehensive method of incorporating sustainable development aspects in a variety of sectors. By providing a compendium of concepts, tools and practical experiences, it seeks to broaden the application of LCCA, which is often limited to specific phases of the life-cycle with little or no weight given to environmental aspects. The aim of the book is to mainstream LCCA into governance processes at institutional levels from local to national, in order to increase the ability and willingness of decision makers - both users and those involved in service planning, budgeting and delivery - to reach better informed and more relevant choices among different types and levels of products and services.