Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric Theory And Empirical Evidence
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Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric
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Author : Monica Das
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric written by Monica Das and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
It is not necessarily true that such income transfers would invariably reduce growth rates. The relationship between economic growth and income inequality depends on certain initial conditions. For instance, if the initial distribution of income is fairly unequal, growth induces greater equality. On the other hand, at high levels of per capita incomes, growth may raise inequality if the initial level of inequality is not very high. This brings a new dimension in the "inverted-U hypothesis." Based on econometric modeling of growth-inequality nexus, the book examines the patterns of growth and economic disparities in BRIC countries over long periods of time, including the recent high growth phase. Two inequality measures applied in this study are Gini coefficient and Theil's entropy measures, depending on data availability. Attempts have been made to identify the sources of inequality and the role of initial conditions in determining the patterns of development.
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric
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Author : Amanda Palmer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-05
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric written by Amanda Palmer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05 with categories.
The recent interest in the development processes of BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) has been triggered by their high growth performance. But their political and social background is entirely different. We have traced the economic history of BRIC countries to understand their economic and social institutions. The only common theme in this growth story is the high levels of income disparities and poverty that is observed even during the high growth decades. In order to understand the interaction between economic growth, income inequality and poverty, we have developed a theoretical framework that incorporates a mechanism of uniform income transfers in a growth model, where economic growth is the result of accumulation.
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric
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Author : Luciano Lones
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-05-16
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric written by Luciano Lones and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-16 with categories.
The recent interest in the development processes of BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) has been triggered by their high growth performance. But their political and social background is entirely different. We have traced the economic history of BRIC countries to understand their economic and social institutions. The only common theme in this growth story is the high levels of income disparities and poverty that is observed even during the high growth decades. In order to understand the interaction between economic growth, income inequality and poverty, we have developed a theoretical framework that incorporates a mechanism of uniform income transfers in a growth model, where economic growth is the result of accumulation. Income transfer mechanism operates in all countries in the form of a progressive taxation system, pension funds, government's anti poverty programs, employment guarantee schemes, land reforms, etc.It is not necessarily true that such income transfers would invariably reduce growth rates.
Links Between Growth Inequality And Poverty A Survey
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Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-03-12
Links Between Growth Inequality And Poverty A Survey written by Ms. Valerie Cerra and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric Theory And Empirical Evidence
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Author : Monica Das
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013-09-23
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric Theory And Empirical Evidence written by Monica Das and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-23 with Business & Economics categories.
The recent interest in the development processes of BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) has been triggered by their high growth performance, but their political and social backgrounds are entirely different. This book traces the economic history of BRIC countries to understand their economic and social institutions. The only common theme in this growth story is the high levels of income disparities and poverty that are observed even during the high growth decades. In order to understand the interaction between economic growth, income inequality and poverty, the book develops a theoretical framework that incorporates a mechanism of uniform income transfers in a growth model, where economic growth is the result of accumulation. Income transfer mechanism operates in all countries in the form of a progressive taxation system, pension funds, government's anti-poverty programs, employment guarantee schemes, land reforms, etc. It is not necessarily true that such income transfers would invariably reduce growth rates. The relationship between economic growth and income inequality depends on certain initial conditions. For instance, if the initial distribution of income is fairly unequal, growth induces greater equality. On the other hand, at high levels of per capita incomes, growth may raise inequality if the initial level of inequality is not very high. This brings a new dimension in the “inverted-U hypothesis.” Based on econometric modeling of growth-inequality nexus, the book examines the patterns of growth and economic disparities in BRIC countries over long periods of time, including the recent high growth phase. Two inequality measures applied in this study are Gini Coefficient and Theil's entropy measures, depending on data availability. Attempts have been made to identify the sources of inequality and the role of initial conditions in determining the patterns of development. Each country's experience is unique, but the theoretical model goes a long way to explain their growth-inequality experience.
Inequality And Growth
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Author : Francesco Grigoli
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-12-16
Inequality And Growth written by Francesco Grigoli and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-16 with Business & Economics categories.
The combination of stagnant growth and high levels of income inequality renewed the debate about whether a more even distribution of income can spur economic activity. This paper tests for cross-country convergence in income inequality and estimates its impact on economic growth with a heterogeneous panel structural vector autoregression model, which addresses some empirical challenges plaguing the literature. We find that income inequality is converging across countries, and that its impact on economic growth is heterogeneous. In particular, while the median response of real per capita GDP growth to shocks in income inequality is negative and significant, the dispersion around the estimates is large, with at least one fourth of the countries in the sample presenting a positive effect. The results suggest that the negative effect is mainly driven by the Middle East and Central Asia and the Western Hemisphere across regions, and emerging markets across income levels. Finally, we find evidence that improved institutional frameworks can reduce the negative effect of income inequality on growth.
Inequality And Growth
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Author : Theo S. Eicher
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003
Inequality And Growth written by Theo S. Eicher and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Economic development categories.
Essays exploring the relationship between economic growth and inequality and the implications for policy makers.
Finance Growth And Inequality
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Author : Mr. Ross Levine
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-06-11
Finance Growth And Inequality written by Mr. Ross Levine and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Finance and growth emerged as a distinct field of economics during the last three decades as economists integrated the fields of finance and economic growth and then explored the ramifications of the functioning of financial systems on economic growth, income distribution, and poverty. In this paper, I review theoretical and empirical research on the connections between the operation of the financial system and economic growth and inequality. While subject to ample qualifications, the preponderance of evidence suggests that (1) financial development—both the development of banks and stock markets—spurs economic growth and (2) better functioning financial systems foster growth primarily by improving resource allocation and technological change, not by increasing saving rates. Some research also suggests that financial development expands economic opportunities and tightens income distribution, primarily by boosting the incomes of the poor. This work implies that financial development fosters growth by expanding opportunities. Finally, and more tentatively, financial innovation—improvements in the ability of financial systems to ameliorate information and transaction costs—may be necessary for sustaining growth.
Inequality And Development Challenges
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Author : Maria Clara Couto Soares
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2018-10-24
Inequality And Development Challenges written by Maria Clara Couto Soares and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-24 with Business & Economics categories.
This series of books brings together results of an extensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation (NSI) in the five BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth. This volume analyses the co-evolution of inequality and NSI across the BRICS economies. It reveals the multi-dimensional character of inequality, in going beyond its income aspect to include assets, access to basic services, infrastructure, knowledge, race, gender, ethnicity and geographic location. In advancing valuable policy recommendations, the book argues that inequalities must be factored in development strategies given that benefits of innovation are not automatically distributed equally. Original and detailed data, together with expert analyses on wide-ranging issues, make this book an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, in addition to policy-makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.
New Growth Drivers For Low Income Countries The Role Of The Brics
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-12-01
New Growth Drivers For Low Income Countries The Role Of The Brics written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The emergence of BRICs—Brazil, Russia, India, and China—is reshaping low-income countries’ (LICs) international economic relations. While industrial countries remain LICs’ dominant development partners, LIC-BRIC ties have increased so rapidly over the past decade that BRICs have become new growth drivers for LICs. Trade with BRICs is already close to half of the value of combined trade with the European Union and the United States, and larger than with other emerging market economies. BRIC FDI and development financing are making a significant impact in some key areas despite their relatively small volumes compared with those from advanced countries. Beyond the increased flows of goods and capital, BRICs have brought new dynamics in LICs’ economic relations with the rest of the world, complementing as well as competing with OECD partners. Nevertheless, while potential benefits from the LIC-BRIC ties are enormous, there are challenges and risks in realizing such benefits.