Edmund Berkeley And The Social Responsibility Of Computer Professionals
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Edmund Berkeley And The Social Responsibility Of Computer Professionals
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Author : Bernadette Longo
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2015-09-01
Edmund Berkeley And The Social Responsibility Of Computer Professionals written by Bernadette Longo and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Edmund C. Berkeley (1909 – 1988) was a mathematician, insurance actuary, inventor, publisher, and a founder of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). His book Giant Brains or Machines That Think (1949) was the first explanation of computers for a general readership. His journal Computers and Automation (1951-1973) was the first journal for computer professionals. In the 1950s, Berkeley developed mail-order kits for small, personal computers such as Simple Simon and the Braniac. In an era when computer development was on a scale barely affordable by universities or government agencies, Berkeley took a different approach and sold simple computer kits to average Americans. He believed that digital computers, using mechanized reasoning based on symbolic logic, could help people make more rational decisions. The result of this improved reasoning would be better social conditions and fewer large-scale wars. Although Berkeley’s populist notions of computer development in the public interest did not prevail, the events of his life exemplify the human side of ongoing debates concerning the social responsibility of computer professionals. This biography of Edmund Berkeley, based on primary sources gathered over 15 years of archival research, provides a lens to understand social and political decisions surrounding early computer development, and the consequences of these decisions in our 21st century lives.
Edmund Berkeley And The Social Responsibility Of Computer Professionals
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Author : Bernadette Longo
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool
Release Date : 2015-09-01
Edmund Berkeley And The Social Responsibility Of Computer Professionals written by Bernadette Longo and has been published by Morgan & Claypool this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Edmund C. Berkeley (1909 – 1988) was a mathematician, insurance actuary, inventor, publisher, and a founder of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). His book Giant Brains or Machines That Think (1949) was the first explanation of computers for a general readership. His journal Computers and Automation (1951-1973) was the first journal for computer professionals. In the 1950s, Berkeley developed mail-order kits for small, personal computers such as Simple Simon and the Braniac. In an era when computer development was on a scale barely affordable by universities or government agencies, Berkeley took a different approach and sold simple computer kits to average Americans. He believed that digital computers, using mechanized reasoning based on symbolic logic, could help people make more rational decisions. The result of this improved reasoning would be better social conditions and fewer large-scale wars. Although Berkeley’s populist notions of computer development in the public interest did not prevail, the events of his life exemplify the human side of ongoing debates concerning the social responsibility of computer professionals. This biography of Edmund Berkeley, based on primary sources gathered over 15 years of archival research, provides a lens to understand social and political decisions surrounding early computer development, and the consequences of these decisions in our 21st century lives.
Communities Of Computing
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Author : Thomas J. Misa
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool
Release Date : 2016-11-10
Communities Of Computing written by Thomas J. Misa and has been published by Morgan & Claypool this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-10 with Computers categories.
Communities of Computing is the first book-length history of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947 and with a membership today of 100,000 worldwide. It profiles ACM's notable SIGs, active chapters, and individual members, setting ACM's history into a rich social and political context. The book's 12 core chapters are organized into three thematic sections. "Defining the Discipline" examines the 1960s and 1970s when the field of computer science was taking form at the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, and through ACM's notable efforts in education and curriculum standards. "Broadening the Profession" looks outward into the wider society as ACM engaged with social and political issues - and as members struggled with balancing a focus on scientific issues and awareness of the wider world. Chapters examine the social turbulence surrounding the Vietnam War, debates about the women's movement, efforts for computing and community education, and international issues including professionalization and the Cold War. "Expanding Research Frontiers" profiles three areas of research activity where ACM members and ACM itself shaped notable advances in computing, including computer graphics, computer security, and hypertext. Featuring insightful profiles of notable ACM leaders, such as Edmund Berkeley, George Forsythe, Jean Sammet, Peter Denning, and Kelly Gotlieb, and honest assessments of controversial episodes, the volume deals with compelling and complex issues involving ACM and computing. It is not a narrow organizational history of ACM committees and SIGS, although much information about them is given. All chapters are original works of research. Many chapters draw on archival records of ACM's headquarters, ACM SIGs, and ACM leaders. This volume makes a permanent contribution to documenting the history of ACM and understanding its central role in the history of computing.
Encyclopedia Of Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Philip L. Frana
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2021-04-07
Encyclopedia Of Artificial Intelligence written by Philip L. Frana and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This authoritative reference work will provide readers with a complete overview of artificial intelligence (AI), including its historic development and current status, existing and projected AI applications, and present and potential future impact on the United States and the world. Some people believe that artificial intelligence (AI) will revolutionize modern life in ways that improve human existence. Others say that the promise of AI is overblown. Still others contend that AI applications could pose a grave threat to the economic security of millions of people by taking their jobs and otherwise rendering them "obsolete"-or, even worse, that AI could actually spell the end of the human race. This volume will help users understand the reasons AI development has both spirited defenders and alarmed critics; explain theories and innovations like Moore's Law, mindcloning, and Technological Singularity that drive AI research and debate; and give readers the information they need to make their own informed judgment about the promise and peril of this technology. All of this coverage is presented using language and terminology accessible to a lay audience.
Prophets Of Computing
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Author : Dick van Lente
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool
Release Date : 2022-12-14
Prophets Of Computing written by Dick van Lente and has been published by Morgan & Claypool this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-14 with Computers categories.
When electronic digital computers first appeared after World War II, they appeared as a revolutionary force. Business management, the world of work, administrative life, the nation state, and soon enough everyday life were expected to change dramatically with these machines’ use. Ever since, diverse prophecies of computing have continually emerged, through to the present day. As computing spread beyond the US and UK, such prophecies emerged from strikingly different economic, political, and cultural conditions. This volume explores how these expectations differed, assesses unexpected commonalities, and suggests ways to understand the divergences and convergences. This book examines thirteen countries, based on source material in ten different languages—the effort of an international team of scholars. In addition to analyses of debates, political changes, and popular speculations, we also show a wide range of pictorial representations of "the future with computers."
Code Nation
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Author : Michael J. Halvorson
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool
Release Date : 2020-04-22
Code Nation written by Michael J. Halvorson and has been published by Morgan & Claypool this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-22 with Computers categories.
Code Nation explores the rise of software development as a social, cultural, and technical phenomenon in American history. The movement germinated in government and university labs during the 1950s, gained momentum through corporate and counterculture experiments in the 1960s and 1970s, and became a broad-based computer literacy movement in the 1980s. As personal computing came to the fore, learning to program was transformed by a groundswell of popular enthusiasm, exciting new platforms, and an array of commercial practices that have been further amplified by distributed computing and the Internet. The resulting society can be depicted as a “Code Nation”—a globally-connected world that is saturated with computer technology and enchanted by software and its creation. Code Nation is a new history of personal computing that emphasizes the technical and business challenges that software developers faced when building applications for CP/M, MS-DOS, UNIX, Microsoft Windows, the Apple Macintosh, and other emerging platforms. It is a popular history of computing that explores the experiences of novice computer users, tinkerers, hackers, and power users, as well as the ideals and aspirations of leading computer scientists, engineers, educators, and entrepreneurs. Computer book and magazine publishers also played important, if overlooked, roles in the diffusion of new technical skills, and this book highlights their creative work and influence. Code Nation offers a “behind-the-scenes” look at application and operating-system programming practices, the diversity of historic computer languages, the rise of user communities, early attempts to market PC software, and the origins of “enterprise” computing systems. Code samples and over 80 historic photographs support the text. The book concludes with an assessment of contemporary efforts to teach computational thinking to young people.
A New History Of Modern Computing
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Author : Thomas Haigh
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-09-14
A New History Of Modern Computing written by Thomas Haigh and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How the computer became universal. Over the past fifty years, the computer has been transformed from a hulking scientific supertool and data processing workhorse, remote from the experiences of ordinary people, to a diverse family of devices that billions rely on to play games, shop, stream music and movies, communicate, and count their steps. In A New History of Modern Computing, Thomas Haigh and Paul Ceruzzi trace these changes. A comprehensive reimagining of Ceruzzi's A History of Modern Computing, this new volume uses each chapter to recount one such transformation, describing how a particular community of users and producers remade the computer into something new. Haigh and Ceruzzi ground their accounts of these computing revolutions in the longer and deeper history of computing technology. They begin with the story of the 1945 ENIAC computer, which introduced the vocabulary of "programs" and "programming," and proceed through email, pocket calculators, personal computers, the World Wide Web, videogames, smart phones, and our current world of computers everywhere--in phones, cars, appliances, watches, and more. Finally, they consider the Tesla Model S as an object that simultaneously embodies many strands of computing.
Software
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Author : Kim W. Tracy
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool
Release Date : 2021-09-20
Software written by Kim W. Tracy and has been published by Morgan & Claypool this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-20 with Computers categories.
Software history has a deep impact on current software designers, computer scientists, and technologists. System constraints imposed in the past and the designs that responded to them are often unknown or poorly understood by students and practitioners, yet modern software systems often include “old” software and “historical” programming techniques. This work looks at software history through specific software areas to develop student-consumable practices, design principles, lessons learned, and trends useful in current and future software design. It also exposes key areas that are widely used in modern software, yet infrequently taught in computing programs. Written as a textbook, this book uses specific cases from the past and present to explore the impact of software trends and techniques. Building on concepts from the history of science and technology, software history examines such areas as fundamentals, operating systems, programming languages, programming environments, networking, and databases. These topics are covered from their earliest beginnings to their modern variants. There are focused case studies on UNIX, APL, SAGE, GNU Emacs, Autoflow, internet protocols, System R, and others. Extensive problems and suggested projects enable readers to deeply delve into the history of software in areas that interest them most.
Transnational Research In Technical Communication
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Author : Nancy Small
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 2022-07-01
Transnational Research In Technical Communication written by Nancy Small and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Transnational Research in Technical Communication considers the complexities of intercultural projects from a compelling perspective: first-hand narrative reflections. Readers go behind the scenes as scholars share their experiences crossing a variety of borders in their efforts to engage in knowledge-making endeavors. Interwoven through each chapter are stories of how projects were designed, adapted, and sometimes even failed. The collection begins with an introduction situating it at the intersection of recent scholarship in storywork, intercultural research, and technical and professional communication’s social justice turn. Each chapter concludes with discussion questions and recommendations for further reading. The closing chapter reveals a nascent "ethic of transnational and intercultural research" growing out of contributors' lessons learned and generous reflections. Anyone interested in or planning to undertake a transnational or intercultural project can benefit from these storied case studies, and as a result, this collection contributes to moving the field forward as it strives to promote more ethically aware and responsive research.
The Handbook On Socially Interactive Agents
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Author : Birgit Lugrin
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool
Release Date : 2021-09-17
The Handbook On Socially Interactive Agents written by Birgit Lugrin and has been published by Morgan & Claypool this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-17 with Computers categories.
The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents provides a comprehensive overview of the research fields of Embodied Conversational Agents, Intelligent Virtual Agents, and Social Robotics. Socially Interactive Agents (SIAs), whether virtually or physically embodied, are autonomous agents that are able to perceive an environment including people or other agents, reason, decide how to interact, and express attitudes such as emotions, engagement, or empathy. They are capable of interacting with people and one another in a socially intelligent manner using multimodal communicative behaviors, with the goal to support humans in various domains. Written by international experts in their respective fields, the book summarizes research in the many important research communities pertinent for SIAs, while discussing current challenges and future directions. The handbook provides easy access to modeling and studying SIAs for researchers and students, and aims at further bridging the gap between the research communities involved. In two volumes, the book clearly structures the vast body of research. The first volume starts by introducing what is involved in SIAs research, in particular research methodologies and ethical implications of developing SIAs. It further examines research on appearance and behavior, focusing on multimodality. Finally, social cognition for SIAs is investigated using different theoretical models and phenomena such as theory of mind or pro-sociality. The second volume starts with perspectives on interaction, examined from different angles such as interaction in social space, group interaction, or long-term interaction. It also includes an extensive overview summarizing research and systems of human–agent platforms and of some of the major application areas of SIAs such as education, aging support, autism, and games.