Effect Of Buyer Type On Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In Northern Ghana
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Effect Of Buyer Type On Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In Northern Ghana
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Author : Agness Mzyece
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Effect Of Buyer Type On Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In Northern Ghana written by Agness Mzyece and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Transaction costs, one of the most significant barriers to market participation, may vary by buyer type. Depending on who a farmer sells their produce to, they may alter their potential transaction costs consequently influencing their market participation. This study examines the effect of buyer type on smallholder market participation in Northern Ghana where poverty is still endemic and often exacerbated by fewer opportunities for commercialization such as limited access to markets. The analysis is based on data from the agriculture production survey conducted in 2013 and 2014 and the Population based Survey conducted in 2012 in northern Ghana. Analysis is performed using the Double Hurdle approach to control for self-selection bias, ensure more flexibility on the variables affecting the decision to sell and how much to sell as well as to provide unconditional effects of the variables on market participation. The results reveal greater market participation of cash crop producing farmers than those producing a lower value food crop - Maize. The results also show that farmers selling to aggregator-type middlemen and other buyers have a propensity to sell more. The aggregators and 'other buyers' buy in bulky, offer lower prices and are associated with lower transport, loading and offloading costs than consumers. Farm output, access to information and price also have a significant positive impact on intensity of market participation. These findings support policy initiatives such as supporting aggregator-type middlemen, increasing the provision of information, promotion of cash crops as well as supporting more interventions focusing on increasing production and yields.
Application Of Multinomial Logistic To Smallholder Farmers Market Participation In Northern Ghana
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Author : Salisu Mustapha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Application Of Multinomial Logistic To Smallholder Farmers Market Participation In Northern Ghana written by Salisu Mustapha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The contribution of agriculture to the development of a country cannot be over emphasized, likewise the role played by smallholder farmers in the production of food in developing countries such as Ghana. Hence, the research examined the factors that affect market participation of smallholder farmers in Ghana. The Ghana Living Standard Survey data as published by the Ghana Statistical Service was employed and analyzed with the application of multinomial logistic regression model. Analysis of the data in the Northern part of Ghana indicate a very low market participation relative to the national average figure of 36% which itself is considered to be low at the international level. The results further show that, out of the total food crops produced (cereals), maize takes the highest whilst millet is the lowest cereal produced in Ghana. The results also revealed that only 24.2% of the total output of cereals produced in the study area is sold. The multinomial logistic results show that being a female farmer, having access to credit, increase in farm size and household size were factors that discourage subsistence farming and encourage market-oriented farming. The study recommends the promotion of small scale farmer participation in marketing of their produce through improving access to credit, land reallocation and promotion of female farmers' commercial participation.
Do Development Projects Crowd Out Private Sector Activities
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Author : Lambrecht, Isabel
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-12-02
Do Development Projects Crowd Out Private Sector Activities written by Lambrecht, Isabel and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-02 with Political Science categories.
Contract farming (CF) is attractive as a possible private-sector-led strategy for improving smallholder farmers’ welfare. Yet many CF schemes suffer from high turnover of participating farmers and struggle to survive. So far, the dynamics of CF participation have remained largely unexplored. We employ duration analysis to examine factors affecting entry into and exit from different maize CF schemes in northern Ghana, focusing specifically on the impact of development projects on CF entry and exit. We find that agricultural development projects reduce the likelihood of scheme entry and increase the likelihood of exit. Our findings confirm concerns that, if interventions are not planned in accordance with relevant private-sector actors, private-sector initiatives can be hindered by competing development projects.
Market Participation Of Smallholder Common Bean Producers In Malawi
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Author : Lifeyo, Yanjanani
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2017-12-15
Market Participation Of Smallholder Common Bean Producers In Malawi written by Lifeyo, Yanjanani and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-15 with Political Science categories.
This study has analyzed the factors affecting common bean production and marketing decisions by agricultural households in Malawi. The empirical results from applying the triple hurdle model to the IHS3 data demonstrate that different sets of factors affect smallholder farmers’ production, market participation and the intensity of participation decisions with respect to common beans. The location of the farmer, ownership of a radio, receipt of production extension services and FISP benefits, distance to main road and distance to the nearest market affected the agricultural household’s decision to produce common beans.
Seasonality And Smallholder Market Participation In Malawi A Baseline Report
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Author : Van Campenhout, Bjorn
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date :
Seasonality And Smallholder Market Participation In Malawi A Baseline Report written by Van Campenhout, Bjorn and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Political Science categories.
Smallholder farmers in low and middle income countries often sell the bulk of their marketable surplus immediately after the harvest, when prices are at their lowest. As part of a field experiment that tests the effectiveness of both income and expenditure planning to nudge farmers into delaying sales of cash crops, we collected detailed information about market participation from a sample of about 3,500 semi-subsistence farmers in Malawi. In this report, we use this data to describe the situation at baseline, before the intervention was implemented. The focus is on three crops that are (also) important to obtain cash. We provide a detailed account of sales transactions in 2021 and also inquire about price expectations in the near future. We also provide suggestive evidence that prices obtained in the past influence price expectations.
Determinants Of Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In The Marketing Of Small Grains And Strategies For Improving Their Participation In The Limpopo River Basin Of Zimbabwe
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Author : Thinah Moyo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Determinants Of Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In The Marketing Of Small Grains And Strategies For Improving Their Participation In The Limpopo River Basin Of Zimbabwe written by Thinah Moyo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This thesis identifies determinants of market participation of smallholder sorghum and millet farmers and proposes strategies for improving their market participation. The study used survey data from 195 smallholder communal and resettled farmers, and agribusiness firms dealing with sorghum and millet. The farmers were selected from three sorghum and millet producing districts of Zimbabwe. The firms were located in Bulawayo and Harare. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with the sampled farmers and firm representatives. The thesis also explores the way the small grains have been marketed and the extent of field crop contracting in Zimbabwe. In addition, literature on determinants of market participation for other commodities was reviewed. Recommendations were then drawn on strategies for improved market participation for smallholder farmers. Transaction cost related factors are an important component of marketing that determines the extent of market participation for smallholder farmers. Results of the multiple regression and the probit models showed that transaction cost related factors, such as previously agreed prices (PRICEAGREE), confidence and trust in the buyer (CONFIDENCE), the difference in price knowledge (PRICEKNOW) and delayed payment for sold grain (DELAYPAY) have a significant impact on the quantity of grain sold and the extent of smallholder farmer participation in the market. Discriminant analysis was used to identify factors discriminating sorghum and millet sellers and non-sellers. The division was made according to whether or not a household sold sorghum and/or millet during the period 2004/05 to 2006/07. Of the fourteen potential discriminating variables, six explained group differences with statistical significance. The six important variables in the discriminant function analysis were: number of donkeys owned by a household, crop production levels, source of household income, method of transporting grain to the market, district and area cultivated. Five of the six discriminating variables point to wealth-ranking factors (household asset endowments) implying that poorer households are unable to participate in markets effectively. Farmers identified issues that need to be addressed for sorghum and millet production and marketing to be improved. The identified issues offer guidelines for priority areas to focus on when addressing limitations that are currently inhibiting farmer market participation. The major issues which included: seed unavailability, lack of access to draft power, lack of access to fertilizer, establishment of irrigation schemes: provision of transport to the market, production of marketable surplus and establishing a local market, all point to the need for external assistance to farmers. A review of literature confirms that contracting is an effective way to coordinate and promote production and marketing in agriculture. Sorghum and millet can be grown under contract successfully. The presence of successful contracts for other commodity crops is an indicator of the potential to increase marketing of sorghum and millet through contracting. However, for contracting to succeed, it is necessary to improve sorghum and millet productivity with an assured quality of the grain. The conclusion is that small grains are important food crops for smallholder farmers in drier environments but their productivity is low. Hence, to enhance farmer access to markets, it is necessary to increase the productivity of sorghum and millet and thus, enable smallholder farmers to produce adequate marketable surplus. Interventions by government and private sector should aim at addressing the major factors that determine market participation. Important to note is that, if poorer households are unable to effectively participate in markets, then interventions to increase households' productive assets or the public goods that support agricultural production and marketing may be necessary. Based on the study findings, the thesis proposes possible key intervention ingredients for successful contracting of sorghum and millet in Zimbabwe. An enabling environment and legal framework created by government and private sector, addressing identified priority areas, primarily will largely determine the level of market participation of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Copyright.
Overcoming Transaction Costs Barriers To Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In The Northern Province Of South Africa
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Author : Moraka Thomas Makhura
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Overcoming Transaction Costs Barriers To Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In The Northern Province Of South Africa written by Moraka Thomas Makhura and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The objective of this study is to investigate the role of transaction costs in determining market participation of smallholder farmers. It is expected that the identification of these transaction cost factors could assist in the formulation of policy interventions and/or institutional innovations to alleviate constraints on market participation and improve the ability of these small-scale farmers to become part of the commercial agricultural economy. Transaction costs differ between households due to asymmetries in access to assets, market information, extension services and remunerative markets. The study particularly investigated the factors contributing to different levels of transaction costs amongst households. The main hypothesis of the study is that small-scale farmers facing lower transaction costs will participate more in agricultural markets. Transaction costs reflect the character of the market, but are mainly embedded in the characteristics of individual households and their economic environment. In order to test the hypothesis, selectivity models identifying and testing significant factors related to market participation are applied to a survey of 157 farming households in the Northern Province. These households take part in the markets for horticulture, livestock, maize and other field crops. The selectivity models used involve two-step estimation similar to the Heckman's two-stage procedure. The study reveals that access to assets and market information in combination with particular household characteristics are important determinants of market participation. Among the assets of a household, a reasonably sized area of arable land tends to encourage participation in all markets, apart from the market for other field crops market. Ownership of livestock tends to stimulate livestock selling and also the level of maize sales. Ownership of arable land and livestock contribute to the economies of scale of production, which leads to lower transaction costs per unit output sold. Non-farm earnings only alleviate variable transaction costs in horticultural markets, but not in other field crops markets. Pensions discourage participation in high value commodities markets since they are viewed as alternative cash income. Indicators enhancing the role of information access include proximity to markets and contacts with the extension service. Proximity to markets reduces variable transaction costs in horticultural markets and fixed transaction costs in livestock markets. The study shows that every kilometre closer in proximity to markets, the horticultural sales increase by R152. Proximity and contact with extension services discourage participation in other field crops markets. Good road conditions reduce transaction costs for livestock and other field crops. The study also shows that in spite of bad road conditions some horticulture farmers still manage to market most of their products. A larger sized household tends to increase the transaction costs in marketing all commodities except for the other field crops. Female farmers tend to participate more in livestock markets as they own small livestock and poultry that are easy to sell, and keep livestock for livelihood purposes rather than for social status. On the other hand, female farmers appear to be constrained in their participation in horticultural markets, ostensibly due to problems of access to irrigation resources and cultural and legal perceptions. Older farmers with enough social capital are willing to sell, but in horticulture and maize they tend to sell lower quantities. The study raises issues which, when attended to, might reduce the transaction costs, particularly by enhancing access to information and providing endowments to farming households. Some constraints require direct policy measures, such as policies dealing with land reform, extension services, education and legal reforms, and then there are those that require indirect intervention and private sector involvement such as road networks and market availability.
Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In Savelugu Nanton Ghana
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Author : B. van der Kroon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Market Participation Of Smallholder Farmers In Savelugu Nanton Ghana written by B. van der Kroon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Impact Of Contract Farming On Income Linking Small Farmers Packers And Supermarkets In China
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Author : Sachiko Miyata, Nicholas Minot, and Dinghuan Hu
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2009
Impact Of Contract Farming On Income Linking Small Farmers Packers And Supermarkets In China written by Sachiko Miyata, Nicholas Minot, and Dinghuan Hu and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Social Science categories.
This study compares contract and non-contract growers of apples and green onions in Shandong Province, China in order to explore the constraints on participation and the impact of contract farming on income. We find little evidence that firms prefer to work with larger farms, though all farms in the area are quite small. Using a Heckman selection-correction model, we find that contract farming raises income even after controlling for observable and unobservable household characteristics. These results suggest that contract farming can help raise small-farm income, though questions remain regarding the number of farmers that can be brought into such schemes.
Food And Agriculture In Papua New Guinea
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Author : R. Michael Bourke
language : en
Publisher: ANU E Press
Release Date : 2009-08-01
Food And Agriculture In Papua New Guinea written by R. Michael Bourke and has been published by ANU E Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-01 with Cooking categories.
Agriculture dominates the rural economy of Papua New Guinea (PNG). More than five million rural dwellers (80% of the population) earn a living from subsistence agriculture and selling crops in domestic and international markets. Many aspects of agriculture in PNG are described in this data-rich book. Topics include agricultural environments in which crops are grown; production of food crops, cash crops and animals; land use; soils; demography; migration; the macro-economic environment; gender issues; governance of agricultural institutions; and transport. The history of agriculture over the 50 000 years that PNG has been occupied by humans is summarised. Much of the information presented is not readily available within PNG. The book contains results of many new analyses, including a food budget for the entire nation. The text is supported by 165 tables and 215 maps and figures.