Effects Of Federal Legislation On The Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children
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Effects Of Federal Legislation On The Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children
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Author : William Adams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Effects Of Federal Legislation On The Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children written by William Adams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Criminal justice, Administration of categories.
In the United States, estimates suggest that as many as 300,000 children may become victims of commercial sexual exploitation each year (Estes and Weiner, 2001). This bulletin describes the findings of a study that the Urban Institute conducted to examine the effects of the passage of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) on the federal prosecution of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) cases. It discusses U.S. enforcement of TVPA and succeeding laws enacted to strengthen penalties against CSEC, describes features of successful prosecutions, and examines how the legislation has affected court penalties and service providers. The authors also discuss recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who work with children and youth who have been the victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The 1996 Declaration and Agenda for Action for the First World Congress Against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children provided the first working definition of the commercial sexual exploitation of children and youth: [CSEC] comprises sexual abuse by the adult and remuneration in cash or kind to the child or a third person or persons. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object. The commercial sexual exploitation of children constitutes a form of coercion and violence against children, and amounts to forced labour and a contemporary form of slavery. TVPA (Public Law 106-386) is considered to be the seminal piece of U.S. legislation in the fight against CSEC. As the first comprehensive law to combat human trafficking, TVPA criminalizes human trafficking on a federal level. Section 112 of TVPA states that sex trafficking of children involves a commercial sex act in which the victim is younger than 18 years old. Traffickers who exploit children younger than age 14 for the purposes of a commercial sex act can be sentenced to up to life in prison (18 U.S.C. 1591(b)(1)). If the victim is between 14 and 18 years old, the trafficker is eligible for as much as 20 years in prison under TVPA (18 U.S.C. 1591(b)(2)); subsequent federal legislation has increased this penalty to life imprisonment (pursuant to the Adam Walsh Act of 2006).
Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children
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Author : Brandy Bang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-14
Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children written by Brandy Bang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-14 with Psychology categories.
The commercial exploitation of children is a global crisis (Rahman, 2011; Svensson, 2006). However, media outlets and sociological researchers have successfully situated the problem as a primarily Asian, South American, or Eastern European concern. In the process, the exploitation of children in the United States has largely been ignored. The continued trafficking of international youth into this country, coupled with the growing rate at which American born children are targeted by interstate sex traffickers, speaks to the urgency with which the domestic exploitation of children must be addressed (Walker-Rodriguez & Hill, 2011). In fact, research suggests that an average of 250,000 American children and adolescents are at risk of commercial exploitation each year (Estes & Weiner, 2001). Further, there are indications that current data vastly underestimate the actual numbers of vulnerable and victimized youth (Chase & Statham, 2005). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2007), no systematic efforts have been made to examine the commercial exploitation of children in this country. The low visibilities of the crime, combined with the inherent vulnerability of the victims, have facilitated the continued victimization of these children. The purpose of this book is to provide a critical analysis of the domestic, commercial exploitation of children. A careful explanation of the differing forms of commercial exploitation of children, victim and offender characteristics, and the mechanisms which maintain the problem will assist health care providers, researchers, and law enforcement in their efforts with this marginalized and understudied population. The authors begin with a comprehensive review of extant literature in this area. Additionally, case studies of child sexual exploitation are included to further illustrate the severity, complexity, and depravity of commercial exploitation in real life cases.
Sex Offenders And Crimes Against Children
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Author : Billy C. Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2014
Sex Offenders And Crimes Against Children written by Billy C. Gonzalez and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Child sexual abuse categories.
Over the past 100 years, Congress has sought to prohibit acts of sexual abuse of minors and punish those who harm the nation's children. These efforts began in the early 20th century when Congress prohibited the transportation of a minor in interstate commerce for the purpose of sexual exploitation, and continue to more modern measures such as outlawing the use of the Internet to lure children for sexual purposes. Nevertheless, Congress's power in this area does have constitutional limits. This book discusses the punishments and effects of failing to register as a sex offender; the Child Protection Act of 2012; and federal criminal offences.
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation And Sex Trafficking Of Minors In The United States
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-11-12
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation And Sex Trafficking Of Minors In The United States written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-12 with Social Science categories.
Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation And Sex Trafficking Of Minors In The United States
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-10-17
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation And Sex Trafficking Of Minors In The United States written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-17 with Social Science categories.
Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. These are not only illegal activities, but also forms of violence and abuse that result in immediate and long-term physical, mental, and emotional harm to victims and survivors. In 2013, the Institute of Medicine/National Research Council released the report Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States. The report found that the United States is in the very early stages of recognizing, understanding, and developing solutions for these crimes. Law enforcement professionals, attorneys, and judges all have important roles to play in responding to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. Their knowledge and ability to identify victims, investigate cases, and make appropriate referrals is crucial to the development of an overall response to these crimes. This Guide for the Legal Sector provides a summary of information from the original report that is most relevant to individuals within the legal sector who interact in some way with victims, survivors, and perpetrators of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors. This includes federal, state, county, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies; police officers and investigators; probation officers; parole officers; corrections officers; prosecutors and defense attorneys; victim advocates; and judges. This guide includes definitions of key terms and an overview of risk factors and consequences; noteworthy examples of efforts by law enforcement personnel, attorneys, the juvenile and criminal justice systems, and the judiciary; multisector and interagency efforts in which the legal sector plays an important role; and recommendations aimed at identifying, preventing, and responding to these crimes.
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation And Sex Trafficking Of Minors In The United States
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-12-12
Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation And Sex Trafficking Of Minors In The United States written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-12 with Social Science categories.
Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.
Sex Trafficking Of Children In The United States
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Author : Kristin M. Finklea
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2012-10-07
Sex Trafficking Of Children In The United States written by Kristin M. Finklea and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-07 with Law categories.
The Legacy Of Racism For Children
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Author : Margaret C. Stevenson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-06-12
The Legacy Of Racism For Children written by Margaret C. Stevenson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-12 with Psychology categories.
When children become entangled with the law, their lives can be disrupted irrevocably. When those children are underrepresented minorities, the potential for disruption is even greater. The Legacy of Racism for Children: Psychology, Law, and Public Policy examines issues that arise when minority children's lives are directly or indirectly influenced by law and public policy. Uniquely comprehensive in scope, this trailblazing volume offers cutting-edge chapters on the intersections of race/ethnicity within the context of child maltreatment, child dependency court, custody and adoption, familial incarceration, school discipline and the "school-to-prison pipeline," juvenile justice, police/youth interactions, and jurors' perceptions of child and adolescent victims and defendants. The book also includes chapters focused on troubling situations that are less commonly researched, but growing in importance, including the role of race and racism in child sex trafficking and US immigration law and policy. Thus, individual chapters explore myriad ways in which law and policy shape the lives of marginalized children and adolescents - racial and ethnic minorities - who historically and presently are at heightened risk for experiencing disadvantageous consequences of law and policy. In so doing, The Legacy of Racism for Children can help social scientists to understand and work to prevent the perpetuation of racial discrimination in American laws and public policies.
The Wiley Handbook Of What Works In Child Maltreatment
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Author : Louise Dixon
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-04-11
The Wiley Handbook Of What Works In Child Maltreatment written by Louise Dixon and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-11 with Psychology categories.
A comprehensive guide to empirically supported approaches for child protection cases The Wiley Handbook of What Works in Child Maltreatment offers clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrists and other professionals an evidence-based approach to best professional practice when working in the area of child protection proceedings and the provision of assessment and intervention services in order to maximize the well-being of young people. It brings together a wealth of knowledge from expert researchers and practitioners, who provide a comprehensive overview of contemporary work informing theory, assessment, service provision, rehabilitation and therapeutic interventions for children and families undergoing care proceedings. Coverage includes theoretical perspectives, insights on the prevalence and effects of child neglect and abuse, assessment, children’s services, and interventions with children, victims and families.
Fighting The U S Youth Sex Trade
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Author : Carrie N. Baker
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-09-27
Fighting The U S Youth Sex Trade written by Carrie N. Baker and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-27 with Law categories.
A history of activism against the commercial sexual exploitation of American youth from the 1970s to 2015.