Effects Of Plant Soil Interactions On Grassland Carbon Dynamics In A Changing World
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Effects Of Plant Soil Interactions On Grassland Carbon Dynamics In A Changing World
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Author : Robert Kenneth Connell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Effects Of Plant Soil Interactions On Grassland Carbon Dynamics In A Changing World written by Robert Kenneth Connell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Plants are a major conduit through which carbon moves between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. The organic inputs from plants provide energy to soil microbes which fuels microbial extracellular enzyme production. Soil microbial activity determines the proportion of plant organic inputs that remains stored in soil as organic matter or is mineralized and released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Plant-soil interactions are, therefore, a critical driver of terrestrial carbon cycling. We live in an era of human-driven change which affects every aspect of ecosystem functioning, so it is critical to understand how different global change factors modulate the plant-soil interactions that influence carbon cycling. In this dissertation I focus on the effects of four specific global change factors on plant-soil interactions in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem: (1) land-use change (i.e., fire suppression and bison removal), (2) woody encroachment, (3) plant invasion, and (4) nutrient enrichment. The overall conclusion from my dissertation research is that all four of these global change factors alter plant-soil interactions in ways that change the storage or turnover of soil carbon. First, long-term fire suppression and/or bison exclusion increases soil C content over time. This change in soil C content is associated with an increase in woody plants in the case of fire suppression or an increase in the dominance of warm-season grasses in the case of bison exclusion under a frequent fire regime. Second, potential C mineralization rates under clonal woody shrubs is higher when the microbial community is decomposing proportionally more shrub-derived organic matter, suggesting that the rate of soil C flux may be dependent on how long the soil has been occupied by woody species. Third, the invasive grass Bromus inermis induces legacy effects on soil microbial community composition and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates. These legacy effects persist for at least six months post-invasive grass removal. Finally, phosphorus fertilization stimulates the rate of SOM decomposition in soil undergoing woody encroachment, but nitrogen fertilization does not. Collectively, these results suggest that the effects of many global change factors on carbon cycling is dependent on spatiotemporal context and historical factors. Additionally, since each of the global change factors I studied affected carbon cycling independently, it will be important to study the combined effects of multiple global change factors acting simultaneously in order to better predict how carbon cycles through terrestrial ecosystems as the world continues to change.
Plant Induced Soil Changes Processes And Feedbacks
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Author : Nico van Breemen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Plant Induced Soil Changes Processes And Feedbacks written by Nico van Breemen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
This book by soil scientists and ecologists reviews how and why plants influence soils. Topics include effects on mineral weathering, soil structure, and soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics, case studies of soil-plant interactions in specific biomes and of secondary chemicals influencing nutrient cycling, the rhizosphere, and potential evolutionary consequences of plant-induced soil changes. This is the first volume that specifically highlights the effects of plants on soils and their feedbacks to plants. By contrast, other texts on soil-plant relationships emphasize effects of soil fertility on plants, following the strongly agronomic character of most research in this area. The aspects discussed in this volume are crucial for understanding terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemistry and soil genesis. The book is directed to terrestrial ecologists, foresters, soil scientists, environmental scientists and biogeochemists, and to students following specialist courses in these fields.
Grassland Invertebrate Interactions Plant Productivity Resilience And Community Dynamics
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Author : Ivan Hiltpold
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-10-13
Grassland Invertebrate Interactions Plant Productivity Resilience And Community Dynamics written by Ivan Hiltpold and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-13 with categories.
Natural and anthropogenic grasslands such as prairies, meadows, rangelands, and pastures cover more than 40% of the planet’s surface and provide a wealth of ecological services. Grasslands alone store one third of the global carbon stocks and grass roots, through their specific architectures, ensure water cycling and prevent the erosion of fertile topsoil. In addition, grasslands are of vital importance for human food production as vast areas of rangelands and pastures provide feed for livestock. Pastoral legumes mobilize atmospheric nitrogen and improve fertility of arable soils. Not least, grasslands are an essential genetic resource. The three major crop species that feed half of the global population have been bred from wild grasses. Ancestors of our contemporary turf cultivars, common components of urban landscapes and recreation spaces, originated from wild grasslands. Although natural and managed grasslands represent pivotal ecosystems, many aspects of how they function are poorly understood. To date, most attention has focused on grassland primary producers (i.e. forage plants) and mammalian grazers but invertebrates are likely to play an equally, if not more important role in grassland ecosystem functioning. In Australian pastures, for example, the biomass of root-feeding scarab beetles can often exceed that of sheep and plant damage caused by invertebrates is sometimes equivalent to an average dairy cow’s grass consumption. Indeed, grasslands are one of the most densely populated ecosystems with invertebrates being probably the most important engineers that shape both plant communities and the grassland as a whole. In a rapidly changing world with increasing anthropogenic pressure on grasslands, this Research Topic focuses on: 1. How grassland habitats shape invertebrate biodiversity 2. Impacts of climate change on grassland-invertebrate interactions 3. Plant and invertebrate pest monitoring and management 4. Plant-mediated multitrophic interactions and biological control in grasslands 5. Land use and grassland invertebrates 6. Plant resistance to invertebrate pests Given the increasing demand for food and land for human habitation, unprecedented threats to grasslands are anticipated. Resilient to some extent, these key ecosystems need to be better comprehended to guarantee their sustainable management and ecosystem services.
Soil Carbon Dynamics
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Author : Werner L. Kutsch
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-07
Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Climate Change Impacts On Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum
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Author : Himanshu Pathak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Climate Change Impacts On Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum written by Himanshu Pathak and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Soil Management And Climate Change
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Author : Maria Angeles Munoz
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-10-27
Soil Management And Climate Change written by Maria Angeles Munoz and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-27 with Science categories.
Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization
Plant Diversity Effect On Soil Carbon Dynamics
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Author : Xinli Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Plant Diversity Effect On Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Xinli Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable natural resource, supplying goods and services for human benefits, including mediating global climate change and securing food production and environmental quality. Biodiversity loss across multi-taxa is at an alarming rate globally. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the negative impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem production. The higher biomass production in species-rich communities is expected to enhance plant litter inputs to soils for SOC formation. Despite the critical importance of SOC and Rs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles, our understanding of the effects of plant diversity on SOC and soil respiration (Rs) remains equivocal. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first global-scale estimates of changes in Rs and SOC storage in response to global plant diversity loss, and to mechanistically understand the effects of plant mixtures on soil carbon dynamics. In my first study, I examined the global effects of plant litter alterations on soil carbon release. By presenting a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. I found that aboveground litter addition increased Rs, while aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs, respectively. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% of Rs and increased over time. My meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. This analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.
Plant Soil Interactions Under Changing Climate
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Author : Sanna Sevanto
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-02-04
Plant Soil Interactions Under Changing Climate written by Sanna Sevanto and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-04 with Science categories.
High Mountain Conservation In A Changing World
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Author : Jordi Catalan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-03
High Mountain Conservation In A Changing World written by Jordi Catalan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-03 with Nature categories.
This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Terrestrial Ecosystems In A Changing World
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Author : Josep G. Canadell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-01-10
Terrestrial Ecosystems In A Changing World written by Josep G. Canadell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-10 with Science categories.
This book examines the impacts of global change on terrestrial ecosystems. Emphasis is placed on impacts of atmospheric, climate and land use change, and the book discusses the future challenges and the scientific frameworks to address them. Finally, the book explores fundamental new research developments and the need for stronger integration of natural and human dimensions in addressing the challenge of global change.
