Plant Diversity Effect On Soil Carbon Dynamics
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Plant Diversity Effect On Soil Carbon Dynamics
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Author : Xinli Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Plant Diversity Effect On Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Xinli Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable natural resource, supplying goods and services for human benefits, including mediating global climate change and securing food production and environmental quality. Biodiversity loss across multi-taxa is at an alarming rate globally. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the negative impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem production. The higher biomass production in species-rich communities is expected to enhance plant litter inputs to soils for SOC formation. Despite the critical importance of SOC and Rs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles, our understanding of the effects of plant diversity on SOC and soil respiration (Rs) remains equivocal. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first global-scale estimates of changes in Rs and SOC storage in response to global plant diversity loss, and to mechanistically understand the effects of plant mixtures on soil carbon dynamics. In my first study, I examined the global effects of plant litter alterations on soil carbon release. By presenting a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. I found that aboveground litter addition increased Rs, while aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs, respectively. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% of Rs and increased over time. My meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. This analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.
Soil Carbon Storage
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Author : Brajesh Singh
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-04-12
Soil Carbon Storage written by Brajesh Singh and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-12 with Science categories.
Soil Carbon Storage: Modulators, Mechanisms and Modeling takes a novel approach to the issue of soil carbon storage by considering soil C sequestration as a function of the interaction between biotic (e.g. microbes and plants) and abiotic (climate, soil types, management practices) modulators as a key driver of soil C. These modulators are central to C balance through their processing of C from both plant inputs and native soil organic matter. This book considers this concept in the light of state-of-the-art methodologies that elucidate these interactions and increase our understanding of a vitally important, but poorly characterized component of the global C cycle. The book provides soil scientists with a comprehensive, mechanistic, quantitative and predictive understanding of soil carbon storage. It presents a new framework that can be included in predictive models and management practices for better prediction and enhanced C storage in soils. Identifies management practices to enhance storage of soil C under different agro-ecosystems, soil types and climatic conditions Provides novel conceptual frameworks of biotic (especially microbial) and abiotic data to improve prediction of simulation model at plot to global scale Advances the conceptual framework needed to support robust predictive models and sustainable land management practices
Assessing Carbon Stocks And Modelling Win Win Scenarios Of Carbon Sequestration Through Land Use Changes
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Author : Raul Ponce-Hernandez
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2004
Assessing Carbon Stocks And Modelling Win Win Scenarios Of Carbon Sequestration Through Land Use Changes written by Raul Ponce-Hernandez and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
This publication contains a methodology and software tools for assessing carbon stocks and modelling scenarios of carbon sequestration developed and tested in pilot field studies in Mexico and Cuba. The models and tools enable the analysis of land use change scenarios in order to identify in a given area (watershed or district) land use alternatives and land management practices that can both maximise food production, soil carbon sequestration and biodiversity and minimize land degradation. The aims is to develop and implement "win-win" options that satisfy the multiple goals of farmers, land users and other stakeholders in relation to food security, carbon sequestration, biodiversity and land conservation. The publication also contains a CD-ROM including three case studies and a Soil-C program demo, program and user manual.
On Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In Species Diverse Grasslands And Intercrop Systems
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Author : Wenfeng Cong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
On Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In Species Diverse Grasslands And Intercrop Systems written by Wenfeng Cong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Carbon Dynamics And Earthworm Populations In Grassland Ecosystems Of The Palouse Region
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Author : Yaniria Sánchez-de León
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Carbon Dynamics And Earthworm Populations In Grassland Ecosystems Of The Palouse Region written by Yaniria Sánchez-de León and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Biological invasions categories.
Understanding the effects of management practices, soil organisms and soil properties on carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation was the main focus of the research projects presented in this dissertation. I measured and compared carbon pools and processes in two important grassland ecosystems of the Palouse region of southeastern Washington and northern Idaho: native prairie remnants and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) set-asides. I found that carbon inputs were similar between prairie and CRP grasslands. However, root biomass and soil carbon concentrations were higher in prairie remnants. These results demonstrate that processes and carbon inputs in CRP sites have reached similar levels to native prairies, but belowground carbon pools are still larger in prairie remnants. The results suggest that efforts to promote carbon sequestration in these grasslands should be focused on increasing belowground carbon. I also characterized earthworm populations in native prairie remnants and CRP set-asides. I found that earthworm populations were composed mostly of European exotic earthworms in both grassland types and dominated by the exotic earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides. A single specimen of the native earthworm, Driloleirus americanus was found at a prairie remnant. The results suggest that conservation priorities for native earthworms in the Palouse need to focus on habitat description, conservation and possibly restoration. Additionally, I measured the effect of the exotic-invasive earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides on carbon dynamics using a microcosm experiment. I found that the presence of A. trapezoides did not have an effect on plant productivity, and that its main impact on carbon dynamics was through the formation of soil macroaggregates. These macroaggregates can physically protect carbon against mineralization. An additional collaborative study aimed at describing soil and site correlations with Palouse prairie plant communities confirmed that aspect and vegetation structure were significant predictors of plant species richness (R2 = 0.15) and plant diversity (R2 = 0.13). These results may help set research and biological conservation priorities for isolated and un-inventoried prairie remnants.
Soil Carbon Dynamics
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Author : Werner L. Kutsch
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-07
Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Plant Diversity And Biomass Dynamics Under Environmental Variation
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Author : Arshad Ali
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-04-25
Plant Diversity And Biomass Dynamics Under Environmental Variation written by Arshad Ali and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-25 with Science categories.
Influence Of Plant Diversity On Soil Organic Carbon Storage And Microbial Transformation Of Organic Carbon In Soils
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Author : Maike Habekost
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Influence Of Plant Diversity On Soil Organic Carbon Storage And Microbial Transformation Of Organic Carbon In Soils written by Maike Habekost and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Effects Of Plant Soil Interactions On Grassland Carbon Dynamics In A Changing World
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Author : Robert Kenneth Connell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Effects Of Plant Soil Interactions On Grassland Carbon Dynamics In A Changing World written by Robert Kenneth Connell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Plants are a major conduit through which carbon moves between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere. The organic inputs from plants provide energy to soil microbes which fuels microbial extracellular enzyme production. Soil microbial activity determines the proportion of plant organic inputs that remains stored in soil as organic matter or is mineralized and released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Plant-soil interactions are, therefore, a critical driver of terrestrial carbon cycling. We live in an era of human-driven change which affects every aspect of ecosystem functioning, so it is critical to understand how different global change factors modulate the plant-soil interactions that influence carbon cycling. In this dissertation I focus on the effects of four specific global change factors on plant-soil interactions in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem: (1) land-use change (i.e., fire suppression and bison removal), (2) woody encroachment, (3) plant invasion, and (4) nutrient enrichment. The overall conclusion from my dissertation research is that all four of these global change factors alter plant-soil interactions in ways that change the storage or turnover of soil carbon. First, long-term fire suppression and/or bison exclusion increases soil C content over time. This change in soil C content is associated with an increase in woody plants in the case of fire suppression or an increase in the dominance of warm-season grasses in the case of bison exclusion under a frequent fire regime. Second, potential C mineralization rates under clonal woody shrubs is higher when the microbial community is decomposing proportionally more shrub-derived organic matter, suggesting that the rate of soil C flux may be dependent on how long the soil has been occupied by woody species. Third, the invasive grass Bromus inermis induces legacy effects on soil microbial community composition and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates. These legacy effects persist for at least six months post-invasive grass removal. Finally, phosphorus fertilization stimulates the rate of SOM decomposition in soil undergoing woody encroachment, but nitrogen fertilization does not. Collectively, these results suggest that the effects of many global change factors on carbon cycling is dependent on spatiotemporal context and historical factors. Additionally, since each of the global change factors I studied affected carbon cycling independently, it will be important to study the combined effects of multiple global change factors acting simultaneously in order to better predict how carbon cycles through terrestrial ecosystems as the world continues to change.
Water And Carbon Dynamics Ecosystem Stability Of Forest And Grassland In Response To Climate Change
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Author : Xiaoming Kang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-04-15
Water And Carbon Dynamics Ecosystem Stability Of Forest And Grassland In Response To Climate Change written by Xiaoming Kang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-15 with Science categories.
Forest and grassland ecosystems are the most important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems. They can maintain or enhance carbon stocks and sinks in biomass, and play vital roles in mitigating climate change. China is taking action to achieve its carbon peak and carbon-neutral targets. Climate change, particularly the increase in the frequency, severity, and extent of drought, will affect the stability of the forest and grassland. How forests and grassland mitigate and adapt to climate change is still a challenge. Exploring the response of the forest and grassland to extreme climate events contributes to improving vegetation quality and enhancing the ability to respond to climate change.
