Eighteenth Century Vitalism
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Eighteenth Century Vitalism
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Author : C. Packham
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-01-31
Eighteenth Century Vitalism written by C. Packham and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-31 with Literary Criticism categories.
This book offers an important account of the relationship between science and culture in the eighteenth century. It examines the 'vitalist' turn in physiology and natural philosophy, and its presence and effect in the burgeoning of philosophical and scientific inquiry of the Scottish Enlightenment, and the radical politics and culture of the 1790s.
A Cultural History Of Medical Vitalism In Enlightenment Montpellier
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Author : Elizabeth A. Williams
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-02
A Cultural History Of Medical Vitalism In Enlightenment Montpellier written by Elizabeth A. Williams and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with History categories.
One of the key themes of the Enlightenment was the search for universal laws and truths that would help illuminate the workings of the universe. It is in such attitudes that we trace the origins of modern science and medicine. However, not all eighteenth century scientists and physicians believed that such universal laws could be found, particularly in relation to the differences between living and inanimate matter. From the 1740s physicians working in the University of Medicine of Montpellier began to contest Descartes's dualist concept of the body-machine that was being championed by leading Parisian medical 'mechanists'. In place of the body-machine perspective that sought laws universally valid for all phenomena, the vitalists postulated a distinction being living and other matter, offering a holistic understanding of the physical-moral relation in place of mind-body dualism. Their medicine was not based on mathematics and the unity of the sciences, but on observation of the individual patient and the harmonious activities of the 'body-economy'. Vitalists believed that Illness was a result of disharmony in this 'body-economy' which could only be remedied on an individual level depending on the patient's own 'natural' limitations. The limitations were established by a myriad of factors such as sex, class, age, temperament, region, and race, which negated the use of a single universal treatment for a particular ailment. Ultimately Montpelier medicine was eclipsed by that of Paris, a development linked to the dynamics of the Enlightenment as a movement bent on cultural centralisation, acquiring a reputation as a kind of anti-science of the exotic and the mad. Given the long-standing Paris-centrism of French cultural history, Montpellier vitalism has never been accorded the attention it deserves by historians. This study repairs that neglect.
Mind Body Motion Matter
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Author : Mary Helen McMurran
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Mind Body Motion Matter written by Mary Helen McMurran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Aesthetics in literature categories.
Mind, Body, Motion, Matter investigates the relationship between the eighteenth century's two predominant approaches to the natural world "mechanistic materialism and vitalism "in the works of leading British and French writers such as Daniel Defoe, William Hogarth, Laurence Sterne, the third Earl of Shaftesbury and Denis Diderot. Focusing on embodied experience and the materialization of thought in poetry, novels, art, and religion, the literary scholars in this collection offer new and intriguing readings of these canonical authors. Informed by contemporary currents such as new materialism, cognitive studies, media theory, and post-secularism, their essays demonstrate the volatility of the core ideas opened up by materialism and the possibilities of an aesthetic vitalism of form. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
Life Forms In The Thinking Of The Long Eighteenth Century
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Author : Keith Baker
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2016-06-16
Life Forms In The Thinking Of The Long Eighteenth Century written by Keith Baker and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-16 with History categories.
For many years, scholars have been moving away from the idea of a singular, secular, rationalistic, and mechanistic “Enlightenment project.” Historian Peter Reill has been one of those at the forefront of this development, demonstrating the need for a broader and more varied understanding of eighteenth-century conceptions of nature. Life Forms in the Thinking of the Long Eighteenth Century is a unique reappraisal of Enlightenment thought on nature, biology, and the organic world that responds to Reill’s work. The ten essays included in the collection analyse the place of historicism, vitalism, and esotericism in the eighteenth century – three strands of thought rarely connected, but all of which are central to Reill’s innovative work. Working across national and regional boundaries, they engage not only French and English but also Italian, Swiss, and German writers.
Life Forms In The Thinking Of The Long Eighteenth Century
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Author : Keith Michael Baker
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2016-01-01
Life Forms In The Thinking Of The Long Eighteenth Century written by Keith Michael Baker and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-01 with History categories.
Life Forms in the Thinking of the Long Eighteenth Century is a unique reappraisal of Enlightenment thought on nature, biology, and the organic world.
Xavier Bichat And The Medical Theory Of The Eighteenth Century
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Author : Elizabeth Haigh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Xavier Bichat And The Medical Theory Of The Eighteenth Century written by Elizabeth Haigh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Vitalizing Nature In The Enlightenment
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Author : Peter H. Reill
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2005-06-06
Vitalizing Nature In The Enlightenment written by Peter H. Reill and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-06 with Philosophy categories.
This far-reaching study redraws the intellectual map of the Enlightenment and boldly reassesses the legacy of that highly influential period for us today. Peter Hanns Reill argues that in the middle of the eighteenth century, a major shift occurred in the way Enlightenment thinkers conceived of nature that caused many of them to reject the prevailing doctrine of mechanism and turn to a vitalistic model to account for phenomena in natural history, the life sciences, and chemistry. As he traces the ramifications of this new way of thinking through time and across disciplines, Reill provocatively complicates our understanding of the way key Enlightenment thinkers viewed nature. His sophisticated analysis ultimately questions postmodern narratives that have assumed a monolithic Enlightenment—characterized by the dominance of instrumental reason—that has led to many of the disasters of modern life.
Vitalism And Its Legacy In Twentieth Century Life Sciences And Philosophy
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Author : Christopher Donohue
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-02
Vitalism And Its Legacy In Twentieth Century Life Sciences And Philosophy written by Christopher Donohue and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-02 with Philosophy categories.
This Open Access book combines philosophical and historical analysis of various forms of alternatives to mechanism and mechanistic explanation, focusing on the 19th century to the present. It addresses vitalism, organicism and responses to materialism and its relevance to current biological science. In doing so, it promotes dialogue and discussion about the historical and philosophical importance of vitalism and other non-mechanistic conceptions of life. It points towards the integration of genomic science into the broader history of biology. It details a broad engagement with a variety of nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first century vitalisms and conceptions of life. In addition, it discusses important threads in the history of concepts in the United States and Europe, including charting new reception histories in eastern and south-eastern Europe. While vitalism, organicism and similar epistemologies are often the concern of specialists in the history and philosophy of biology and of historians of ideas, the range of the contributions as well as the geographical and temporal scope of the volume allows for it to appeal to the historian of science and the historian of biology generally.
Women Gender And Disease In Eighteenth Century England And France
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Author : Ann Kathleen Doig
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2014-06-02
Women Gender And Disease In Eighteenth Century England And France written by Ann Kathleen Doig and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-02 with Social Science categories.
Based on encyclopedias, medical journals, historical, and literary sources, this collection of interdisciplinary essays focuses on the intersection of women, gender, and disease in England and France. Diverse critical perspectives highlight contributions women made to the scientific and medical communities of the eighteenth century. In spite of obstacles encountered in spaces dominated by men, women became midwives, and wrote self-help manuals on women’s health, hygiene, and domestic economy. Excluded from universities, they nevertheless contributed significantly to such fields as anatomy, botany, medicine, and public health. Enlightenment perspectives on the nature of the female body, childbirth, diseases specific to women, “gender,” sex, “masculinity” and “femininity,” adolescence, and sexual differentiation inform close readings of English and French literary texts. Treatises by Montpellier vitalists influenced intellectuals and physicians such as Nicolas Chambon, Pierre Cabanis, Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe, Jules-Joseph Virey, and Théophile de Bordeu. They impacted the exchange of letters and production of literary works by Julie de Lespinasse, Françoise de Graffigny, Nicolas Chamfort, Mary Astell, Frances Burney, Lawrence Sterne, Eliza Haywood, and Daniel Defoe. In our post-modern era, these essays raise important questions regarding women as subjects, objects, and readers of the philosophical, medical, and historical discourses that framed the project of enlightenment.
Death And The Body In The Eighteenth Century Novel
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Author : Jolene Zigarovich
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2023-02-28
Death And The Body In The Eighteenth Century Novel written by Jolene Zigarovich and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-28 with Literary Criticism categories.
Death and the Body in the Eighteenth-Century Novel demonstrates that archives continually speak to the period's rising funeral and mourning culture, as well as the increasing commodification of death and mourning typically associated with nineteenth-century practices. Drawing on a variety of historical discourses--such as wills, undertaking histories, medical treatises and textbooks, anatomical studies, philosophical treatises, and religious tracts and sermons--the book contributes to a fuller understanding of the history of death in the Enlightenment and its narrative transformation. Death and the Body in the Eighteenth-Century Novel not only offers new insights about the effect of a growing secularization and commodification of death on the culture and its productions, but also fills critical gaps in the history of death, using narrative as a distinct literary marker. As anatomists dissected, undertakers preserved, jewelers encased, and artists figured the corpse, so too the novelist portrayed bodily artifacts. Why are these morbid forms of materiality entombed in the novel? Jolene Zigarovich addresses this complex question by claiming that the body itself--its parts, or its preserved representation--functioned as secular memento, suggesting that preserved remains became symbols of individuality and subjectivity. To support the conception that in this period notions of self and knowing center upon theories of the tactile and material, the chapters are organized around sensory conceptions and bodily materials such as touch, preserved flesh, bowel, heart, wax, hair, and bone. Including numerous visual examples, the book also argues that the relic represents the slippage between corpse and treasure, sentimentality and materialism, and corporeal fetish and aesthetic accessory. Zigarovich's analysis compels us to reassess the eighteenth-century response to and representation of the dead and dead-like body, and its material purpose and use in fiction. In a broader framework, Death and the Body in the Eighteenth-Century Novel also narrates a history of the novel that speaks to the cultural formation of modern individualism.