Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes
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Atmospheric And Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes
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Author : Masashi Hayakawa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Atmospheric And Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes written by Masashi Hayakawa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Earthquake prediction categories.
Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes
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Author : Masashi Hayakawa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated With Earthquakes written by Masashi Hayakawa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Earthquakes categories.
An earthquake (EQ) is probably the most disastrous natural phenomenon. The depth toll from large EQs during the last century exceeded two million people. The corresponding geography of the most damaging EQs included 25 countries. The top ten of those were Iran, China, Turkey, Japan, India, Italy, the former USSR, Indonesia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and the others were Chile, Algeria, Colombia, Peru, Guatemala, The Philippines, Nicaragua, Romania, Morocco, Mexico, Argentine, USA, Jamaica, Yugoslavia, and El Salvador. During the recent 10 years from 1995 to the beginning of 2006, more than 400,000 people were killed by EQ catastrophes. We were also extremely shocked by the serious hazard by a recent Sichuan EQ in China on May 12, 2008. The origin of an EQ is still poorly understood, but the problem of short-term EQ prediction is an urgent issue of human beings. For a rather long time, the scientific community has relied mainly on the traditional Earth science disciplines in solving this problem: seismology, tectonics, geodynamics, and so on. However, a conceptual breakdown took place in seismology about 15 years ago. It was discovered that conventional models of EQ preparation were not valid, and there appeared doubts as to the possibility of successful EQ prediction using purely seismic observations. Heterogeneity and nonlinearity in seismic processes in a state of so-called self-organized criticality, causing unpredictable behavior of a tectonically activated region after some time of consideration (the limited memory of the system), became understood. At the same time there emerged some ideas on new alternative field methods, with particular emphasis on radio-physical sounding and even satellite observations. These gradually took the place of traditional studies on the quasi-steady electric and magnetic fields, resistivity, magneto-telluric impedance, and geodetic changes, which were found to be inefficient. By that stage, enthusiastic groups in several countries have already shown some evidence of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena. A new approach to study seismo-electromagnetic phenomena has recently emerged, and we call it Seismo-electromagnetics and related phenomena . This is a study of short-term processes of the EQ sequence by mainly non-seismic methods. This field has become firmly established since the early 1990s. It differs from its predecessor, which was known for a long time as the non-seismic precursors of EQs, both in methods and ideology. Modern technologies for observation of seismically induced perturbations and proper data processing are applied. First of all, these are radio-physical methods of atmospheric and ionospheric sounding by means of radio signals from VLF, LF, and HF transmitters. Pulsating ULF electromagnetic and seismo-acoustic emissions (the so-called ULF and acoustic foreshocks), and higher-frequency emissions on the ground and onboard plasma variations on low-orbital satellites, are then recorded. These data, together with closely related data on hydrology/geochemistry in wells and hot springs, satellite remote sensing of the ground surface, and atmospheric parameters, comprise the factual basis of the research. Two main problems are suggested as follows: (1) the mechanisms of strong intra-plate EQ triggering, and (2) lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling due to seismicity. There were at least three reasons for attracting our attention and enlarging the scope of this type of research. The first was the discovery of several intriguing observational facts. Among these, it is worth mentioning the approximately simultaneous finding of specific ultra-low-frequency (ULF) electromagnetic emissions before and after the large Loma Prieta EQ in the USA and the large Spitak EQ in the former USSR. The results in both countries looked very similar, and they were therefore convincing. Fraser-Smith et al. (1990) observed intensive ULF emissions practically above the hypocenter of the EQ, which was at a depth of about 10 km. They found the first enhancement two to three weeks before the EQ, and a second sharp increase just before the EQ. The geomagnetic activity before the EQ was very quiet, so they concluded that these ULF emissions were likely to be an EQ signature. A noticeable impact was also produced by the discovery of clear seismic-induced perturbations near the atmosphere-ionosphere boundary with the use of VLF transmitter signal sounding before the famous Kobe EQ in Japan. This effect was proven by subsequent statistics before eleven great EQs. Hayakawa et al. (1996) observed a very significant shift in the evening terminator time (the terminator time is defined as the time when there is a minimum in amplitude (or in phase) around sunrise or sunset) with the use of a 2s criterion, when s is the monthly standard deviation. Similar phenomena were also observed for many other EQs. The second reason was that the Japanese government established special research programs to investigate short-term (at least) EQ forecasting after the shock and sorrow following the great Kobe EQ. This was driven by a general demand from the Japanese people for warnings of such disastrous events. These programs included the Frontier/RIKEN and Frontier/NASDA projects, which investigated electromagnetic and some other effects associated with seismicity. Many valuable results were obtained, and two networks of ULF and VLF stations in Japan were developed. However, it was perhaps most important that these projects promoted an international consolidation of the research on seismo-electromagnetics. Special symposia in Chofu, Tokyo, were attended by specialists from about 20 countries (see the comprehensive collection of papers edited by Hayakawa and Fujinawa (1994), by Hayakawa (1999), and by Hayakawa and Molchanov (2002)). Similar research projects followed in Taiwan, India, Italy, and Russia. In the framework of a Japanese-Russian collaboration, a special station Karymshino, was established in the Kamchatka peninsula (in far-eastern Russia). It is designed for regular complex monitoring (including local seismicity, ULF electric and magnetic field variations, seismo-acoustic emission, VLF transmitter signals, hydrology and geochemistry changes in the wells and springs, and atmospheric parameters), in addition to data on regional seismicity (27 stations). The station is situated in a rural place with low industrial interference, but with frequent seismicity. At present, it is considered as a reference station for Japanese networks. The third reason was the realization of an exclusive satellite mission, DEMETER, in France. The satellite was designed for the investigation of electromagnetic effects related to EQs, and anthropogenic electromagnetic-wave influences on the ionosphere. Pre-seismic electromagnetic effects observed on satellites were first reported in Russia, and they were then intensively discussed during the preparation of DEMETER and in the framework of the Frontier/NASDA project in Japan. This pioneering satellite was at last launched on June 29, 2004, with the intension of studying seismically associated plasma and wave phenomena. Numerous data are now being analyzed by French specialists and guest investigators in different countries. Being extremely timely with these progresses in the field of seismo electromagnetics, I had a kind invitation from the publisher, Research Signpost, to edit a review monograph on our topic. I intended to cover all different branches of this new and challenging science field with the help of senior and qualified scientists. The authors of this monograph have done significant pioneering works in each field. Even though they have been so busy, they were pleased to join us in this book project. Without the pleasant helps by these authors, this book cannot be realized. The topic covers the radio emissions in the lithosphere, laboratory experiments, geochemical phenomena, radio emissions in the atmosphere, seismic-effects in the atmosphere and ionosphere, satellite observation of seismogenic phenomena, and the mechanisms of lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling etc. We do hope that this monograph would provide you with the present art-of-state information on seismo electromagnetics. Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Ms. Yuki Togo for her editorial assistance.
Electromagnetic Phenomena Related To Earthquakes And Volcanoes
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Author : Birbal Singh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Electromagnetic Phenomena Related To Earthquakes And Volcanoes written by Birbal Singh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Earthquake prediction categories.
Earthquake prediction studies based on electromagnetic techniques have drawn considerable global attention in recent years. This technique is based on ground and satellite based monitoring of electromagnetic signals in a broad frequency range between DC and VHF employing variety of sensors. Definite earthquake precursors have been reported from these experiments. Besides the above, ionospheric perturbations and geochemical anomalies have also been reported prior to the occurrence of the earthquakes. This book contains some important research output in the above fields obtained by well-known researchers. More precisely, there are descriptions on recent progress in VAN method, anomalies in ULF/VLF signals, ionospheric parameters and Schumann resonance etc. The book also includes one topic not related to seismicity which deals with space weather, Trimpi phenomena, and neural network approach to TSP solutions etc.
Electromagnetic Phenomena Related To Earthquake Prediction
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Author : M. Hayakawa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Electromagnetic Phenomena Related To Earthquake Prediction written by M. Hayakawa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Earthquake prediction categories.
Earthquakes And Animals
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Author : M. Ikeya
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Earthquakes And Animals written by M. Ikeya and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Nature categories.
Those who survive major earthquakes often report the occurrence of mysterious phenomena beforehand ? unusual animal and plant behavior, lightning, strange clouds and malfunctioning electrical appliances. In fact these stories are legendary the world over. But are they merely legends? Are the many people who report them just superstitious or suffering from over-active imaginations?Earthquakes and Animals brings objective science to bear on these old legends. But this is not the suspect science associated with recent attempts to validate UFO sightings. The book places in front of the reader the simple laboratory evidence for the behaviour of animals, plants and objects when they are subjected to intense electromagnetic pulses. In many cases they behave in ways that have been recorded for centuries ? and are still reported today ? as earthquake-related.Written for both the general public and scientists, Earthquakes and Animals demonstrates experimentally a physical basis for the old earthquake legends. It also adds tantalisingly to the science of earthquake prediction and cautiously suggests a legitimate new field of study ? electromagnetic seismology.
Earthquake Prediction With Radio Techniques
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Author : Masashi Hayakawa
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-03-07
Earthquake Prediction With Radio Techniques written by Masashi Hayakawa and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The latest achievements of earthquake prediction via radio communication systems, by the world's leading authority Prof. Hayakawa is one of the world leaders in the field of seismo-electromagnetics for EQ prediction and this area of research is still evolving Presents the fundamentals of radio communications and radio propagation, using the radio noises and propagation anomalies as a precursor of earthquakes Considers the combination of different kinds of seismogenic electromagnetic signals of both natural and artificial character Timely topic following the recent sequence of highly destructive earthquakes around the world
Seismic Waves
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Author : Masaki Kanao
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-11-20
Seismic Waves written by Masaki Kanao and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-20 with Science categories.
The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, but it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from a theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. The major topics in this book cover aspects on seismic wave propagation, characteristics of their velocities and attenuation, deformation process of the Earth's medium, seismic source process and tectonic dynamics with relating observations, as well as propagation modeling of seismic waves.
The Atmosphere And Ionosphere
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Author : Vladimir Bychkov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-07-17
The Atmosphere And Ionosphere written by Vladimir Bychkov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-17 with Science categories.
From July 7 to 12, 2008 in Zelenogradsk, a cosy resort on the bank of the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad in Russia, the 1st International Conference “Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Safety (AIS-2008)” has been carried out. The State Russian University of I. Kant, Semenov Institute of chemical physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkov Institute of terrestrial magnetism and radio-waves propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Russian Committee on Ball Lightning (BL) have acted as organizers of the conference. Financial support was made by Russian Fund of Fundamental Research Project N. 08-03-06041 and European Of?ce of Aerospace Research and Development Grant award FA8655-08-1-5052. The International conference “Atmosphere, Ionosphere, Safety” (AIS-2008) was devoted to (i) the analysis of the atmosphere–ionosphere response on natural and man-made processes, the reasons of occurrence of the various accompanying geophysical phenomena, and an estimation of possible consequences of their in?uence on the person and technological systems; (ii) the study of the monitoring possibility and search of the ways for the risk level decrease. Discussion of the physical and chemical processes accompanying the observable geophysical p- nomena was undertaken. One can see from a list of the Conference sections that questions of safety took only rather modest place, so main topics of the Conference became discussion of processes taking place in the atmosphere, ionosphere and methods of monitoring these processes.
Earthquake Prediction
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Author : Gokhberg
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1995-11-09
Earthquake Prediction written by Gokhberg and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-11-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This study presents an account of electromagnetic phenomena in the earth's crust immediately preceding a tectonic earthquake. Results collected from the satellite and groundbased observations are analyzed and form the basis of various conceptual explanatio
Pre Earthquake Processes
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Author : Dimitar Ouzounov
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-05-30
Pre Earthquake Processes written by Dimitar Ouzounov and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-30 with Science categories.
Pre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States. Volume highlights include: Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo–ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and prediction Written for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.