Electron Ionization Relevance To Planetary Atmospheres
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Electron Ionization Relevance To Planetary Atmospheres
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Author : Siddharth H. Pandya
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2014-03
Electron Ionization Relevance To Planetary Atmospheres written by Siddharth H. Pandya and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03 with categories.
The present book is in continuation of our sincere efforts towards the applications of electron scattering cross sections (Volume-I), in the modeling of various planetary atmospheres. In this backdrop the present book focuses on important applications of our calculated ionization cross sections in various planetary environments. As a case study, electron ionization for N2 and O2 are calculated and employed to compute the ionization mean fee path and ionizing collision frequencies for the incident electrons in the D and E regions of the Earth's ionosphere. Further in the ionospheres of Mars and Titan, ion production rates (IPR) are calculated, and also shown the diurnal variation in the IPR along with the solar zenith angle for Mars.
Theory Of Planetary Atmospheres
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1990-10-16
Theory Of Planetary Atmospheres written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-10-16 with Science categories.
Our subject is, of course, nothing more than applied physics and chemistry. But in addition to those basic sciences the student of planetary atmospheres needs an overview of atmospheric structure and physical processes as presently understood. This book is intended to help fill that need for both graduate students and research scientists. Although the approach is mainly theoretical, very little basic physics is developed here. Material that is standard fare in third- and fourth-year physics courses is simply absorbed where needed.
Physics Of Planetary Ionospheres
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Author : S. J. Bauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Physics Of Planetary Ionospheres written by S. J. Bauer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Although there are, in addition to the classic but somewhat dated books'l-, some excellent recent books on ionospheric physics and aeronomy'l-... , their scope is quite different from that of the present monograph. This monograph concentrates on the fundamental physical and chemical processes in an idealized planetary ionosphere as a general abstraction, with actual planetary ionospheres representing special cases. Such an approach appears most appropriate for a concise in troduction to the field, at a time when increasing experimental in formation on the ionospheres of other planets can be anticipated. The main purpose of this monograph, in line with that of the whole series, is to appraise where we stand, what we know and what we still need to know. It is mainly addressed to graduate students and researchers who are in the process of getting acquainted with the field. Within the scope of this monograph it would be impossible to do justice to all relevant publications. Hence, references are somewhat selective and largely limited to the more recent original papers and to authoritative reviews, the latter generally providing also detailed references regarding the historical development of the particular topic. Cgs (gaussian) units are generally used in this book, except where practical units are more appropriate. This book has evolved from a graduate course of the same title which I gave at the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C.
Electrifying Atmospheres Charging Ionisation And Lightning In The Solar System And Beyond
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Author : Karen Aplin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-05-14
Electrifying Atmospheres Charging Ionisation And Lightning In The Solar System And Beyond written by Karen Aplin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-14 with Science categories.
Electrical processes take place in all planetary atmospheres. There is evidence for lightning on Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, it is possible on Mars and Titan, and cosmic rays ionise every atmosphere, leading to charged droplets and particles. Controversy surrounds the role of atmospheric electricity in physical climate processes on Earth; here, a comparative approach is employed to review the role of electrification in the atmospheres of other planets and their moons. This book reviews the theory, and, where available, measurements, of planetary atmospheric electricity, taken to include ion production and ion-aerosol interactions. The conditions necessary for a global atmospheric electric circuit similar to Earth’s, and the likelihood of meeting these conditions in other planetary atmospheres, are briefly discussed. Atmospheric electrification is more important at planets receiving little solar radiation, increasing the relative significance of electrical forces. Nucleation onto atmospheric ions has been predicted to affect the evolution and lifetime of haze layers on Titan, Neptune and Triton. For planets closer to Earth, heating from solar radiation dominates atmospheric circulations. Mars may have a global circuit analogous to the terrestrial model, but based on electrical discharges from dust storms, and Titan may have a similar global circuit, based on transfer of charged raindrops. There is an increasing need for direct measurements of planetary atmospheric electrification, in particular on Mars, to assess the risk for future unmanned and manned missions. Theoretical understanding could be increased by cross-disciplinary work to modify and update models and parameterisations initially developed for a specific atmosphere, to make them more broadly applicable to other planetary atmospheres. The possibility of electrical processes in the atmospheres of exoplanets is also discussed.
Theory Of Planetary Atmospheres
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Author : John Marshall
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Theory Of Planetary Atmospheres written by John Marshall and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.
Planetary Aeronomy
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Author : Siegfried Bauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Planetary Aeronomy written by Siegfried Bauer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
Planetary Aeronomy is a modern and concise introduction to the underlying physical and chemical processes that govern the formation and evolution of the upper atmospheres of planets. The general approach employed permits consideration of the growing number of extrasolar planets, the detailed observation of which will become possible over the next decades. The book explains the physics behind many atmospheric processes, which are relevant for the evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories, and also contains useful scaling laws and analytical expressions that can be applied to any planet. Readers thus gain insight into the evolution of terrestrial planets and their long-time habitability, atmospheric stability, etc. This volume can be used both as graduate textbook for students wishing to specialize in the field as well as succinct compendium for researchers in the field.
Dissociative Recombination Of Molecular Ions With Electrons
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Author : Steven L. Guberman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Dissociative Recombination Of Molecular Ions With Electrons written by Steven L. Guberman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Dissociative Recombination of Molecular Ions with Electrons is a comprehensive collection of refereed papers describing the latest developments in dissociative recombination research. The papers are written by the leading researchers in the field. The topics covered include the use of microwave afterglows, merged beams and storage rings to measure rate coefficients and to identify the products and their yields. The molecules studied range in size from the smallest, H2+, to bovine insulin ions. The theoretical papers cover the important role of Rydberg states and the use of wave packets and quantum defect theory to deduce cross sections, rate constants and quantum yields. Several theoretical and experimental papers address the controversial topic of H3+ dissociative recombination and its importance in the interstellar medium. Dissociative recombination studies of other molecular ions in the interstellar medium and in cometary and planetary atmospheres are covered. Ionization is an important competitive process to dissociative recombination and its competition with predissociation and its role in the reverse process of the association of neutral species is presented. Dissociative attachment, in which an electron attaches to a neutral molecule, has many similarities to dissociative recombination. The topics covered include the accurate calculation of electron affinities, attachment to molecules, clusters, and to species absorbed on solid surfaces and electron scattering by a molecular anion.
Electron Ionization
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Author : Tilmann D. Märk
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2010
Electron Ionization written by Tilmann D. Märk and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Collisions (Nuclear physics) categories.
Atmospheric And Space Sciences Ionospheres And Plasma Environments
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Author : Erdal Yiğit
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-07-07
Atmospheric And Space Sciences Ionospheres And Plasma Environments written by Erdal Yiğit and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-07 with Science categories.
The SpringerBriefs on Atmospheric and Space Sciences in two volumes presents a concise and interdisciplinary introduction to the basic theory, observation & modeling of atmospheric and ionospheric coupling processes on Earth. The goal is to contribute toward bridging the gap between meteorology, aeronomy, and planetary science. In addition recent progress in several related research topics, such atmospheric wave coupling and variability, is discussed. Volume 1 will focus on the atmosphere, while Volume 2 will present the ionospheres and the plasma environments. Volume 2 is aimed primarily at (research) students and young researchers that would like to gain quick insight into the basics of space sciences and current research. In combination with the first volume, it also is a useful tool for professors who would like to develop a course in atmospheric and space physics.
Studies Of The Dissociation And Energetics Of Gaseous Ions
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Author : Simon J. King
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Studies Of The Dissociation And Energetics Of Gaseous Ions written by Simon J. King and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
In this thesis the electron ionization of a number of small gas phase molecules is investigated using pulsed time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with a 2-D ion coincidence technique. The simultaneous acquisition of conventional TOF mass spectra and ion coincidence mass spectra, enables fragment ions formed by dissociative single, double, and triple ionization, to be distinguished and quantified. Relative partial ionization cross sections (PICS) and precursor specific relative PICS are derived for the formation of positively charged fragment ions, following electron ionization of C_2F_6, SiCl_4, C_2H_2, CO_2 and H_2O, in the ionizing electron energy range 30-200 eV. Such information is of considerable importance for the accurate modelling and understanding of the chemical processes occurring in highly energised media, such as industrial plasmas and planetary atmospheres. The relative PICS quantify the overall yield for each fragment ion, while the precursor specific relative PICS quantify the contributions to the fragment ion yield from single, double and triple ionization, respectively. Relative PICS for the formation of ion pairs via dicationic dissociation are also presented. Comparisons of the relative PICS data to existing measurements of the PICS for these molecules reveals, in many cases, considerable discrepancies for the formation of the low-mass ionic fragments, for which the present cross section measurements are considerably larger. In general, these differences are rationalised by the inefficient collection of energetic ions in the previous determinations of the PICS, in particular for those ionic fragments formed via dissociative multiple ionization, which are efficiently collected in the present investigations. The precursor specific relative PICS data provides a more detailed chemical description of each individual partial ionization cross section, and can be interpreted to explain the various energy-dependent features of the PICS curves observed in previous studies. For example, for the fragment ions formed by electron ionization of SiCl_4, the low energy maxima of the PICS curves are due to contributions from single ionization involving mainly indirect ionization processes, while the higher energy maxima are due to dissociative double ionization. For the electron ionization of small gas phase molecules, the general trend appears to be that the major contributions to the yield of small fragment ions comprising only a few atoms, are from dissociative double ionization, above 100 eV. The shapes of the peaks recorded in the 2-D ion coincidence spectra are interpreted to provide additional information on the fragmentation dynamics and energetics of the charge-separating dissociations of C_{2}F_{6}\: {2+}, SiCl_{4}\: {2+}, C_{2}H_{2}\: {2+}, CO_{2}\: {2+} and H_2O {2+}. Estimates of the dication precursor state energies for forming ion pairs are derived, and are shown to be in good agreement with existing experimental and theoretical data. The measurements presented in this thesis include the first estimates of the electronic state energies of the C_{2}F_{6}\: {2+} and SiCl_{4}\: {2+} dications. A breakdown scheme for C_{2}H_{2}\: {2+} is derived, which in combination with the relative PICS for ion pair formation, yields branching ratios for primary two-body charge separating dissociation. Comparison of this scheme with recent theoretical calculations suggests that below 75 eV, C_{2}H_{2}\: {2+} dissociates predominantly on the ground triplet potential energy surface ({ 3}\sum\,_{g}\, -). By contrast, the dissociations of the C_{2}F_{6}\: {2+} dication are postulated to be predominantly impulsive in nature, for which fastsequential decay mechanisms are proposed for forming ion pairs.