Emergency Vehicle Approaching
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Emergency Vehicle Approaching
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Author : Kajsa Weibull
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2024-10-17
Emergency Vehicle Approaching written by Kajsa Weibull and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-17 with categories.
Driving an emergency vehicle can be difficult. The driver of the emergency vehicle must navigate, communicate with emergency services, often drive at high speeds, and take surrounding traffic into account. Civilian drivers are required by law to give way to emergency vehicles with lights and sirens activated. Despite this, they sometimes fail to move over. One reason is not noticing the emergency vehicle in time. This dissertation aims to understand how technology can support civilian drivers in their interactions with emergency vehicles. One form of technology used to make drivers move over is emergency vehicle lighting. The results of this dissertation show that alternative designs of emergency vehicle lighting can affect driver behavior and that the current designs are not always suited to promote the most desirable driver behavior. Another technological approach to supporting drivers in their interactions with emergency vehicles is the use of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). One C-ITS service is the Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. An EVA warning is an early in-car warning sent out to the driver before being overtaken by an emergency vehicle, providing more time to move over. Three driving simulator studies with EVA warnings were conducted in this dissertation. The results indicate that EVA warnings make drivers move over more quickly and thereby decrease delay time for emergency vehicles. Furthermore, there is a learning effect when receiving multiple EVA warnings, implying that drivers move over more quickly once they are familiar with the system. One of the simulator studies used eye tracking and showed that EVA warnings make drivers scan mirrors earlier, compared to when not receiving an EVA warning. An EVA warning is distributed based on the most probable path of the emergency vehicle. If the driver of the emergency vehicle decides on another route, there is a risk of false EVA warnings. Therefore, this dissertation explored how false alarms, and false expectations of EVA warnings, affect drivers. Receiving false alarms makes drivers move over more slowly in future interactions and negatively affects attitudes toward the EVA system. Furthermore, wrongly expecting an EVA warning makes drivers less attentive to the road ahead. In conclusion, both emergency vehicle lighting and EVA warnings can support civilian drivers in their interactions with emergency vehicles. It can decrease the risks of both collisions and delays. However, to implement a large-scale deployment of C-ITS, Sweden needs digital infrastructure to support secure data exchange Att framföra ett utryckningsfordon är utmanande. Utryckningsföraren förväntas navigera, kommunicera med larmcentralen, framföra utryckningsfordonet i inte sällan höga hastigheter och samtidigt ta hänsyn till omgivande trafik. Bilister är enligt lag tvungna att lämna fri väg för utryckningsfordon med blåljus och sirener. Trots det misslyckas ibland förare med att lämna fri väg. En anledning är att de inte hinner uppfatta utryckningsfordonet i tid. Syftet med denna avhandling är att förstå hur teknik kan stödja förare vid interaktioner med utryckningsfordon. En form av teknik som används för att få förare att lämna fri väg är blåljus. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att alternativa designlösningar för blåljus kan påverka förarnas beteende och att de nu-varande utformningarna inte alltid är optimala för att främja det mest önskvärda förarbeteendet. En annan metod för att stötta förare i deras interaktion med utryckningsfordon är uppkopplad fordonsteknik, så kallat Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). En typ av C-ITS-tjänst är Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA)-varningar. En EVA-varning är en tidig varning som skickas ut till bilisten innan utryckningsfordonet kör ikapp, vilket ger föraren mer tid att lämna fri väg. Tre förarsimulatorstudier med EVA-varningar genomfördes inom ramen för avhandlingen. Resultaten visar på att EVA-varningar kan få förare att lämna fri väg snabbare och därmed minska förseningar för utryckningsfordon. Dessutom finns det en inlärningseffekt med EVA varningar som innebär att förare lämnar fri väg snabbare när de är bekanta med EVA systemet. I en av simulatorstudierna användes ögonrörelsemätning som visade att EVA-varningar får förare att skanna av speglarna i bilen tidigare, jämfört med när de inte får någon EVA-varning. En EVA-varning distribueras baserat på den mest sannolika vägen för utryckningsfordonet. Om föraren av utryckningsfordonet väljer en annan väg finns det risk för falska EVA-varningar. I den här avhandlingen undersöktes därför hur falska larm och en falsk förväntan om EVA-varningar påverkar förare. Att ta emot falska larm påverkade förarnas framtida interaktioner och inställning till EVA-systemet. Dessutom gjorde en felaktig förväntan på en EVA-varning till att förarna var mindre uppmärksamma på vägen framför dem. Sammanfattningsvis kan både blåljus och EVA-varningar stödja civila förare i interaktionen med utryckningsfordon. Varningssystemen kan minska riskerna för både kollisioner och förseningar. För att genomföra en storskalig utbyggnad av C-ITS behöver Sverige dock en digital infrastruktur för att stödja säkert datautbyte.
Nbs Special Publication
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Nbs Special Publication written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Weights and measures categories.
Uniform Vehicle Code
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Author : National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1948
Uniform Vehicle Code written by National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1948 with Automobiles categories.
Manual On Uniform Traffic Control Devices For Streets And Highways
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Author : United States. National Advisory Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Manual On Uniform Traffic Control Devices For Streets And Highways written by United States. National Advisory Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Traffic signs and signals categories.
Hearings
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the District of Columbia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1936
Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the District of Columbia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1936 with categories.
Drive To Survive
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Author : Chris Daly
language : en
Publisher: Fire Engineering Books
Release Date : 2020-03-12
Drive To Survive written by Chris Daly and has been published by Fire Engineering Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Drive to Survive: The Art of Wheeling the Rig provides an in-depth examination of fire apparatus vehicle dynamics. This is not your average “driver training” textbook. Fire apparatus operators must understand how a vehicle maneuvers at roadway speed, and more importantly…why does it crash? Just as a doctor cannot heal the human body without a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology, an emergency vehicle operator cannot safely drive a fire apparatus without an in-depth knowledge of vehicle dynamics. Drive to Survive goes beyond talking about pump operations, aerial operations, and preventative maintenance; it fills in the gaps between vehicle dynamics and crash causation. After 15 years of training and research, Chris Daly developed a training program combining his fire service and crash reconstruction training experience. This book provides an in-depth knowledge of topics required in the following NFPA standards: --NFPA 1002 “Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications” --NFPA 1451 “Standard for Fire and Emergency Service Vehicle Operations Training Programs” --NFPA 1500 “Standard on Fire Department Occupational Health and Safety Program” Fire apparatus operators will learn the limits of driving an emergency vehicle and will understand that no matter how long they have been driving or how good they think they are, at some point physics will take over and the vehicle will lose control. We can reduce the number of emergency vehicle crashes throughout the world by addressing key issues and providing emergency vehicle operations course (EVOC) instructors with methods to convey these concepts. Concepts you learn in this book relate to more than just driving a fire apparatus. These principles apply to anyone who drives a vehicle, including your family members and loved ones.
Intelligent Transport Systems
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Author : PRADIP KUMAR SARKAR
language : en
Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Release Date : 2017-11-15
Intelligent Transport Systems written by PRADIP KUMAR SARKAR and has been published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Over the time, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has become important for any country not only for traffic congestion management, but also for modern infrastructure and safety. Since there is a dearth of literature on this subject, this book attempts to fill the gap and provides a holistic work on ITS encompassing theory, examples and case studies on various facets in both road and railway sectors. The basic principles of various technologies used for ITS have been explained in such a manner that students from non-technical background can also comprehend them with ease. It also discusses the emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles, electric vehicles, cooperative vehicle highway system, automated highway systems, 5G mobile technology, etc. Considering the need of huge funds required for ITS implementation, the text provides various funding options available. Conclusively, it is a unique book that contains all aspects of ITS which a student of engineering is expected to know. The book is intended as a text for postgraduate students of transportation engineering and as a reference book for professionals such as transport planners, town planners, traffic engineers, transit operators and consultants. Key Features, • ITS architecture with a number of case studies based on real-life situation • Concept of smart city, importance of advanced transport system, and applications of ITS technologies in smart cities • ITS in Rail sector—intelligent trains, train control systems and intelligent train maintenance practices • Chapter-end questions for practice and bibliography
Quieting A Practical Guide To Noise Control
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Author : Raymond D. Berendt
language : en
Publisher: The Minerva Group, Inc.
Release Date : 2000-09
Quieting A Practical Guide To Noise Control written by Raymond D. Berendt and has been published by The Minerva Group, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09 with Science categories.
This guide offers practical solutions for ordinary noise problems that a person is likely to meet. The book describes the ways in which sounds are generated, travel to the listener, and affect his hearing and well-being. Recommendations are given for controlling noise at the source and along its path of travel, and for protecting the listener. This guide instructs the reader by way of "Warning Sings" on how to determine whether he is being subjected in his environment to prolonged noise exposures that may prove hazardous to his hearing.Remedies are given for noise problems that a person is likely to find in his home, at work and at school, while traveling, and in the growth and development of his community. The remedies include noise prevention techniques and selection of quiet alternatives to existing noise sources. General principles for selecting quiet appliances are given. Ways of searching for the sources of noise and for determining the paths over which they travel to the listener are described. A detailed index is given for individual ways of looking for inherently quiet homes and travel accomodations are described.In a final chapter, there are suggestions for enlisting community help where large external sources of noise must be quieted, such as those arisseing from public utilities and public transportation.
Conclusions And Recommendations Of The Highway Advisory Committee And The Motor Vehicle Laws Committee On The Vehicle Code Submitted To The Governor And The Legislature January 1957
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Author : Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Council. Highway Advisory Committee
language : en
Publisher: Legislative Reference Bureau
Release Date : 1957
Conclusions And Recommendations Of The Highway Advisory Committee And The Motor Vehicle Laws Committee On The Vehicle Code Submitted To The Governor And The Legislature January 1957 written by Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Council. Highway Advisory Committee and has been published by Legislative Reference Bureau this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1957 with Motor vehicles categories.
Traffic Control Devices Handbook
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Traffic Control Devices Handbook written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Traffic signs and signals categories.