Empirical Essays On The Attainment Of Human Capital And Intergenerational Mobility In Earnings
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Empirical Essays On The Attainment Of Human Capital And Intergenerational Mobility In Earnings
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Author : Darrell James Glaser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Empirical Essays On The Attainment Of Human Capital And Intergenerational Mobility In Earnings written by Darrell James Glaser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Three Essays In Economic Mobility And Inequality
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Author : Seunghee Lee (Economist)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Three Essays In Economic Mobility And Inequality written by Seunghee Lee (Economist) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Equality categories.
As the interest in Economics on inequality has exploded, intergenerational mobility is one of the fundamental areas concerning inequality since it is related to many normative questions such as equal opportunity and fairness. Despite its importance, research on measuring intergenerational mobility has received relatively little attention. The dominant approach is still the scalar-based regression approach, which employs a regression of some statistics of offspring on some statistics of parents. In connection with this issue, this dissertation introduces a novel measure for intergenerational mobility based on modern economic theory and empirically analyzes intergenerational mobility in the U.S. and Korea.The first chapter analyzes the empirical aspect of the relationship between parental income trajectory and a child's success in the U.S. using a novel approach, functional approach.In particular, we find that parental income when their children are in their late teens is more correlated with children's income in their early 30s. In addition, children whose parental income tends to increase in their late teens are more likely to have a higher economic position than their parents. This implies that upward income mobility is positively associated with the steadily increasing economic status of the family over the first 20 years of children's life. Investigated further are the effects on explaining a child's success of the role of other trajectories, such as the family structure of unemployment and job type of household head, and the impact of parental education level. We also investigate the association between parental income profile and their children's college attendance and derive a similar finding that late teens are crucial periods when parents' income has a more significant impact on children's educational success.While the first chapter addresses issues in intergenerational mobility in the U.S., the second chapter focuses on intergenerational mobility in Korea. In the second chapter, using a similar approach to Chapter 1, we analyze the intergenerational mobility in all three dimensions - income, education, and occupation. In addition, reflecting Korea's unique historical and social characteristics, we study the association between investment in private tutoring and a child's economic and educational success. Our findings highlight the importance of parental intervention in teens on a child's educational success. The pattern of parental income profile of the upward mobility group shows a stronger upward trend than that of the downward mobility group, similar to what we observe in the U.S. data in Chapter 1. In Korea, both upward and downward mobility groups show steadily increasing parental income trajectories, reflecting the rapid economic growth Korea has experienced over the last six decades. This interesting and unique finding of mobility patterns in Korea reveals various social and economic structural changes Korea has gone through.The third chapter studies the various methodological issues. In this chapter, we consider how our functional estimate can be varied by the fluctuation of measurement error in parental income. Using Beveridge-Nelson decomposition, we decompose parental income into permanent and transitory components and consider the transitory component as a measurement error. We also compare our estimation method with the methods based on the fixed basis approach. Using too many bases in this approach yields nonsensical estimates, while the estimates using too few bases strongly depend on the shape of the basis. We also find that the fixed basis approach is not robust to measurement error. A possible endogeneity issue is also studied in this chapter. Parental income can affect their children's success through two channels, transmission of human capital and providing financial resources. To focus on the effect of financial resources, we measure intergenerational income mobility using instrumental variables to control the effect of human capital.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Xiaoyan Chen Youderian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Xiaoyan Chen Youderian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The first essay considers how the timing of government education spending influences the intergenerational persistence of income. We build a life-cycle model where human capital is accumulated in early and late childhood. Both families and the government can increase the human capital of young agents by investing in education at each stage of childhood. Ability in each dynasty follows a stochastic process. Different abilities and resultant spending histories generate a stochastic steady state distribution of income. We calibrate our model to match aggregate statistics in terms of education expenditures, income persistence and inequality. We show that increasing government spending in early childhood education is effective in lowering intergenerational earnings elasticity. An increase in government funding of early childhood education equivalent to 0.8 percent of GDP reduces income persistence by 8.4 percent. We find that this relatively large effect is due to the weakening relationship between family income and education investment. Since this link is already weak in late childhood, allocating more public resources to late childhood education does not improve the intergenerational mobility of economic status. Furthermore, focusing more on late childhood may raise intergenerational persistence by amplifying the gap in human capital developed in early childhood. The second essay considers parental time investment in early childhood as an education input and explores the impact of early education policies on labor supply and human capital. I develop a five-period overlapping generations model where human capital formation is a multi-stage process. An agent's human capital is accumulated through early and late childhood. Parents make income and time allocation decisions in response to government expenditures and parental leave policies. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy so that the generated data matches the Gini index and parental participation in education expenditures. The general equilibrium environment shows that subsidizing private education spending and adopting paid parental leave are both effective at increasing human capital. These two policies give parents incentives to increase physical and time investment, respectively. Labor supply decreases due to the introduction of paid parental leave as intended. In addition, low-wage earners are most responsive to parental leave by working less and spending more time with children. The third essay is on the motherhood wage penalty. There is substantial evidence that women with children bear a wage penalty of 5 to 10 percent due to their motherhood status. This wage gap is usually estimated by comparing the wages of working mothers to childless women after controlling for human capital and individual characteristics. This method runs into the problem of selection bias by excluding non-working women. This paper addresses the issue in two ways. First, I develop a simple model of fertility and labor participation decisions to examine the relationships among fertility, employment, and wages. The model implies that mothers face different reservation wages due to variance in preference over child care, while non-mothers face the same reservation wage. Thus, a mother with a relatively high wage may choose not to work because of her strong preference for time with children. In contrast, a childless woman who is not working must face a relatively low wage. For this reason, empirical analysis that focuses only on employed women may result in a biased estimate of the motherhood wage penalty. Second, to test the predictions of the model, I use 2004-2009 data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and include non-working women in the two-stage Heckman selection model. The empirical results from OLS and the fixed effects model are consistent with the findings in previous studies. However, the child penalty becomes smaller and insignificant after non-working women are included. It implies that the observed wage gap in the labor market appears to overstate the child wage penalty due to the sample selection bias.
The Intergenerational Persistence Of Human Capital
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Author : Mikael Lindahl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Intergenerational Persistence Of Human Capital written by Mikael Lindahl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Intergenerational Income Mobility And Redistributive Policy
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Author : Mareike Schad
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-06-10
Intergenerational Income Mobility And Redistributive Policy written by Mareike Schad and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-10 with Political Science categories.
Mareike Schad examines how redistributive policy measures influence intergenerational income mobility, taking into account various facets of the parent-child connection. In the first part, the author investigates the impact of education and education policy on income mobility both theoretically and empirically. The second part addresses individual beliefs regarding the determinants of personal economic success and their effect on income mobility within a society.
Essays On Intergenerational Mobility
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Author : Aiday Sikhova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Essays On Intergenerational Mobility written by Aiday Sikhova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The first chapter of the dissertation provides novel empirical evidence to disentangle the significance of parental income and parental education in determining children's human capital using Swedish administrative data. The second chapter shows that parents are an important mechanism driving income inequality among their children using survey data for Chinese child and adult twins.
Great Gatsby And The Global South
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Author : Diding Sakri
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-04-30
Great Gatsby And The Global South written by Diding Sakri and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-30 with Business & Economics categories.
In the Global South economic mobility across generations or intergenerational economic mobility is in and of itself an important topic for research with consequences for policy. It concerns the 'stickiness' or otherwise of inequality because mobility is concerned with the extent to which children's economic outcomes are dependent on their parents' economic outcomes. Scholars have estimated levels of intergenerational mobility in many developed countries. Fewer estimates are available for developing countries, where mobility matters more due to starker differences in living standards. This Element surveys the area, conceptually and empirically; it presents a new estimate for a developing country, namely Indonesia; it discusses the 'Great Gatsby Curve' and highlights the different positions of developed and developing countries. Finally, it presents a theoretical framework to explain the drivers of mobility and the stickiness or otherwise of inequality across time. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Generational Income Mobility In North America And Europe
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Author : Miles Corak
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-11-25
Generational Income Mobility In North America And Europe written by Miles Corak and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-25 with Business & Economics categories.
Labour markets in North America and Europe have changed tremendously in the face of increased globalisation and technical progress, raising important challenges for policy makers concerned with equality of opportunity. This book examines the influence of both changes in income inequality and of social policies on the degree to which economic advantage is passed on between parents and children in the rich countries. Standard theoretical models of generational dynamics are extended to examine generational income and earnings mobility over time and across space. Over twenty contributors from North America and Europe offer comparable estimates of the degree of mobility, changes in mobility, and the impact of government policy. In so doing, they strengthen the analytical tool kit used in the study of generational mobility, and offer insights for research and directions in dealing with equality of opportunity and child poverty.
Perspectives On Human Capital
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Author : Anna Sjögren
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Perspectives On Human Capital written by Anna Sjögren and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Human capital categories.
Intergenerational Mobility Income Inequality And Children S Human Capital Investment
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Author : Omayma Elsheniti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Intergenerational Mobility Income Inequality And Children S Human Capital Investment written by Omayma Elsheniti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Educational attainment categories.