Employment In Industrial Timber Plantations
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Employment In Industrial Timber Plantations
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Author : Betelhem Negede
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2015-05-26
Employment In Industrial Timber Plantations written by Betelhem Negede and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-26 with Electronic book categories.
Highlights Global experience of employment generation in timber plantations shows contrasting outcomes including in terms of rural development, but there are also commonalities such as poor working conditions, seasonality of employment and relatively low labor intensity over large areas compared to other land uses.Ethiopia conforms to this pattern, based on a case study of an industrial timber plantation, with low wages and reliance on casual jobs without formal contracts in a rural context of a weak labor market with few employment opportunities.Gender wise, the opportunities are uneven with a large majority of positions filled by men resulting in a marginal involvement of women, and a great potential for improvements in this field.Employees with agricultural land (a minority) appreciate the provision of additional sources of incomes, and the flexibility in work arrangement that allows them to simultaneously engage in agricultural activities. However, we also notice that daily labor as the main model of employment has serious implications with respect to social security and various benefits that would be associated to labor contracts.As the Government of Ethiopia is committed to promote afforestation and reforestation on 7 million hectares (ha) in view of making the country self-sufficient in wood, enhancing carbon sequestration and supporting green growth, these lessons would be usefully applied in the future. There are indeed great expectations that timber plantations and processing units will create significant rural and urban employment opportunities.
Impacts Of Industrial Timber Plantations In Indonesia An Analysis Of Rural Populations Perceptions In Sumatra Kalimantan And Java
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Author : Romain Pirard
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2016-06-09
Impacts Of Industrial Timber Plantations In Indonesia An Analysis Of Rural Populations Perceptions In Sumatra Kalimantan And Java written by Romain Pirard and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-09 with categories.
Industrial timber plantations are controversial in many parts of the world. Indonesia provides an interesting case study, with its history of conflicts over land use and current ambitions for plantation expansion. This study investigated perceived impacts of plantations on nearby rural populations. A survey was conducted of 606 respondents across three islands (Java, Borneo and Sumatra), three tree species (acacia, teak and pine) and three end uses (pulpwood, timber production and resin production). In addition, a Q-method analysis was conducted at a site with an established pulpwood plantation in order to identify significantly diverse perceptions of the plantation among villagers. The methods were combined to arrive at a representative view of these perceptions and expectations. Results illustrate a diversity of viewpoints among villagers, with perceptions varying from general dissatisfaction to enthusiasm. Perceptions of pine and teak plantations tend to differ from acacia pulpwood plantations. For pine and teak, respondents reported a higher number and greater variety of benefits and services, higher number of perceived positive impacts in general, a better environmental record, and more opportunities to use plantation land and products for rural livelihoods. These results contrast with the heavy focus around acacia plantations on economic development and infrastructure. Hence, acacia plantations enjoy some level of recognition for opening up remote areas and providing infrastructure and services that are traditionally the responsibility of the state. Data were disaggregated by gender to enable further analysis, and offer a general indication that plantation development has not affected women more negatively than men. Our analysis leads to several clear directions for the improvement of plantation management. The role of the state must be clarified and potentially reinforced, except if the burden of development, including that of infrastructure, is to remain the responsibility of companies. Lessons can be drawn from the teak and pine cases in Java as to the performance of institutions that act as intermediaries between companies and people. Contributions by communities should be facilitated early in the planning stages, and this should apply in particular to land claims, to the organization of the labor force (including the privileged form of work contract), to the spatial distribution of the plantation in order to leave aside areas of local value, and to options for land sharing, as this is a major vehicle for fruitful coexistence.
The Socioeconomic Impacts Of Large Scale Tree Plantations On Local Communities
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Author : Malkamäki, A.
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2017-03-06
The Socioeconomic Impacts Of Large Scale Tree Plantations On Local Communities written by Malkamäki, A. and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-06 with categories.
Background. To meet increasing demand for forest products and services, the global area of planted forests has increased dramatically over the past 25 years. Further increases in large-scale tree plantations are expected due to their high productivity, economic profitability and contribution to climate change mitigation targets. This raises questions about their long-term sustainability, as well as their impacts on forest ecosystem services and local livelihoods, particularly in countries characterized by rural poverty and insecure property rights. Previous studies have revealed mixed impacts, but there is a lack of research on the contexts and practices that can contribute to positive and/or negative socioeconomic impacts. This protocol provides guidelines for a systematic review that synthesizes the current literature on the direct and indirect impacts of large-scale plantations on local communities, and which will also identify trends, bias and gaps in the empirical evidence base. Methods. The primary research question of the systematic review asks "What are the direct and indirect socioeconomic impacts of large-scale tree plantations on local human populations?" We apply a Population-Exposure-Comparator-Outcome-Context (PECOC) framework to structure each stage of the systematic review, which comprises a comprehensive literature search, screening, quality assessment, data extraction and analysis.We define the exposure of interest to be the establishment or management of a large-scale tree plantation by external actors, population of interest as households and communities living in close proximity to plantation sites, comparators as other communities who have not experienced the same exposure as well as the same communities prior to plantation establishment, outcomes as the direct or indirect socioeconomic impacts felt by the population as a result of plantation establishment, and context as the social, political and environmental factors that may have led to differences in experienced impacts. We will search multiple bibliographic databases and organizational websites for relevant studies in both the published and grey literatures. These results will be screened by their titles and abstracts followed by their full texts based on predetermined eligibility criteria. To ensure that selected studies have controlled for potential biases, quality assessment will then take place alongside data extraction. Finally, the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses will be reported in a narrative synthesis.
Impacts Of Industrial Tree Plantations In Indonesia Exploring Local Perceptions
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Author : Romain Pirard
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2016-09-26
Impacts Of Industrial Tree Plantations In Indonesia Exploring Local Perceptions written by Romain Pirard and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-26 with categories.
Key messages Based on a survey about perceptions of industrial tree plantations of 606 respondents living in the vicinity of such plantations over three Indonesian islands, we find a clear divide, with evidence of more negative perceptions around acacia (pulp and paper) plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan compared with those around pine (resin and timber) and teak (timber) in Java.Acacia pulpwood plantations develop in more remote areas, where they contribute to opening up jobs and infrastructure; these facts are only partly acknowledged by local populations, as expectations have not been fully met. The plantations generate manynegative impacts such as deprivation of access to land for locals, environmental damage such as loss of biodiversity, and various annoyances such as dust or noise.Pine and teak plantations are usually found in more developed areas and have a much longer presence in the landscape, dating from before Independence in many cases; they are therefore much less associated to negative changes, and their contributions to local development through the provision of jobs or environmental services are acknowledged.Intermediary institutions have already proved their effectiveness in the Javanese context with pine and teak plantations, and could be mainstreamed with support from the government.We find reasons to hope for better impacts if proper management decisions are made. For instance, companies can adapt rotation periods and involve local people early in the planning process in order to satisfy the most important needs and requests, mitigate risks of conflicts, and eventually improve local impacts.
Linking C I To A Code Of Practice For Industrial Tropical Tree Plantations
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Author : John Poulsen
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Linking C I To A Code Of Practice For Industrial Tropical Tree Plantations written by John Poulsen and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Forest management categories.
Problems Related To The Stability Of Employment In The Timber Industry
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Author : International Labour Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Problems Related To The Stability Of Employment In The Timber Industry written by International Labour Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Lumber trade categories.
Conference paper on problems related to employment stability in the timber industry (forestry) - examines the impact of technological change and forest policies on working conditions, employment opportunity, labour demand, and the occupational structure of forestry workers. References and statistical tables. Conference held in Geneva 1973 April 25 to May 8.
Work In Tropical Forests
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Author : Siegfried Lewark
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-31
Work In Tropical Forests written by Siegfried Lewark and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents a synopsis, with an innovative approach, of abundance, types and conditions of work performed in the tropical plantation and natural forests. It covers work of formally and informally employed, and of own-account small-scale forest users, women and children. Activities in tree harvesting are analyzed, also on-site conversion by pitsawing, planting and pruning. The abilities of the workers and their efforts while fulfilling their tasks, resulting in performance and workload, are described with many examples of published studies. Influencing variables from organizational, technical and managerial sides are considered as much as included in the studies. The detailed descriptions demonstrate the methodical state of ergonomic research. For better understanding of the coverage the background of the development of forest work science is described. The lasting influence of Taylorism and the roles of ILO and FAO as well as NGOs, e.g. in certification, are pointed out.
Large Scale Plantations Bioenergy Developments And Land Use Change In Indonesia
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Author : Anne Casson
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2014-12-29
Large Scale Plantations Bioenergy Developments And Land Use Change In Indonesia written by Anne Casson and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-29 with Electronic book categories.
Indonesia's forests make up one of the worlds most biologically diverse ecosystems. They have long been harvested by local people to meet their daily needs. Since the 1970s, a combination of demographic, economic and policy factors has driven forest exploitation at the industrial scale and resulted in growing deforestation. Key factors behind the forest loss and land use change in present-day Indonesia are the expansion of oil palm, plywood production and pulp and paper industries. Oil palm has been one of the fastest-growing sectors of the Indonesian economy, increasing from less than 1 million hectares in 1991 to 8.9 million hectares in 2011. The plywood and pulp and paper industries have also expanded significantly since the log export ban in 1985. All three sectors have contributed to deforestation. Several measures are being taken to reduce the loss of tropical forests in Indonesia. These measures are driven by growing global concern about the impact of deforestation on biodiversity and global warming and the Indonesian governments commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A major policy initiative revolves around developing renewable energy from biomass that can be sourced from oil palm, sugar, cassava, jatropha and timber plantations. This paper analyzes these measures and assesses the conditions under which they may be most effective.
Land Based Investment And Green Development In Indonesia
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Author : Anne Casson
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2015-04-10
Land Based Investment And Green Development In Indonesia written by Anne Casson and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-10 with Electronic book categories.
Growing global concern about the environmental costs of economic development resulting from natural resource extraction has sparked interest in a new economic paradigm known as green development. Indonesia is currently experimenting with the green development paradigm and trying to define its meaning and better understand its potential applications. So far, this process has meant a refinement and realignment of existing policy measures that seek to reduce deforestation and GHG emissions. These regulations often face contradictory economic development strategies.
Plantations In The Tropics
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Author : Jacqueline Sawyer
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 1993
Plantations In The Tropics written by Jacqueline Sawyer and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Deforestation categories.
Based on thorough bibliographic research of a highly controversial topic, this report, jointly sponsored by IUCN, UNEP and WWF, shows the potential of plantations, while also exposing problems which may arise if massive tree plantations proposed for the tropics are to be established. Major issues covered include; species selection, soil and water cycle effects, fires, pests and diseases, effects on biodiversity, carbon dioxide fixation, land tenure and social issues, and plantation economics. Some broad conclusions and guidelines to be considered when establishing large scale plantations in the tropics complete this study.