Empowering Users Through Design
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Empowering Users Through Design
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Author : David Bihanic
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-01-12
Empowering Users Through Design written by David Bihanic and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
At the crossroads of various disciplines, this collective work examines the possibility of a new end-user “engagement” in ongoing digital/technological products and services development. It provides an overview of recent research specifically focused on the user’s democratic participation and empowerment. It also enables readers to better identify the main opportunities of participatory design, a concept which encourages the blurring of the role between user and designer. This allows people to escape their status as “end-user” and to elevate themselves to the level of creator. This book explores new avenues for rethinking the processes and practices of corporate innovation in order to cope with current socio-economic and technological changes. In so doing, it aims to help companies renew industrial models that allow them to design and produce new ranges of technological products and services by giving the user an active role in the development process, far beyond the basic role of consumer. Intended for designers, design researchers and scientists interested in innovation and technology management, this book also provides a valuable resource for professionals involved in technology-based innovation processes.
Design Empathy Interpretation
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Author : Ilpo Koskinen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2023-09-12
Design Empathy Interpretation written by Ilpo Koskinen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-12 with Design categories.
A new, empathic approach to design research, drawn from the informed experiences of a leading design research program in Finland. Design, Empathy, Interpretation tells the story of empathic design, a design research program at Aalto University in Helsinki, Finland, that has developed an interpretive approach to design over the past twenty years. As one of the leaders of the Helsinki group, Ilpo Koskinen draws on his own experiences to offer readers a general intellectual and professional history of design research, and argues for what he calls an interpretive approach. Design, Empathy, Interpretation shows how the group has created connections all across the globe, and how a seemingly soft approach to design research can be useful in both industry and government. Koskinen follows design research’s transformation from questions of usability, in the 1980s, through to the revolution in personal electronics and the “user-centered” turn of the 1990s. Using the research community in Helsinki as a case study, and moving between specific projects and theoretical debates, he offers readers a focused introduction to the major methodological and intellectual challenges—as well as the opportunities—of design research. He argues that all design tasks, however simple or complex, begin with understanding the way humans ascribe meaning, both as individuals and as actors in complex societies. Thus all design research must be interpretive at its core.A new, empathic approach to design research, drawn from the informed experiences of a leading design research program in Finland.
Empowering Digital Sovereignty Balancing Privacy And Global Connectivity
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Author : Misra, Sanjay
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2025-08-12
Empowering Digital Sovereignty Balancing Privacy And Global Connectivity written by Misra, Sanjay and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-08-12 with Social Science categories.
As digital infrastructure becomes deeply embedded in every aspect of society, the ability to control data flows, privacy, and digital infrastructure has become a critical issue for governments, organizations, and individuals alike. The rise of global data networks, artificial intelligence, and cross-border digital services presents both opportunities and challenges to national security, personal autonomy, and economic independence. Balancing privacy rights with the need for global connectivity requires rethinking legal frameworks, adopting responsible technological practices, and navigating complex ethical trade-offs. Addressing digital sovereignty is essential to ensuring equitable access, safeguarding democratic values, and maintaining trust in the digital age. Empowering Digital Sovereignty: Balancing Privacy and Global Connectivity examines the complicated aspects of digital sovereignty, focusing on how countries, businesses, and people can keep control of their digital data in a world where everything is becoming digital and data is moving internationally all the time. It delves into the legal frameworks, technological advancements, and ethical dilemmas associated with data privacy and autonomy. Covering topics such as artificial intelligence, network traffic, and synthetic data generation, this book is an excellent resource for policymakers, government officials, IT experts, business leaders, digital industry professionals, academicians, researchers, and more.
I Docs
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Author : Judith Aston
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-28
I Docs written by Judith Aston and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-28 with Performing Arts categories.
The history of documentary has been one of adaptation and change, as docu-mentarists have harnessed the affordances of emerging technology. In the last decade interactive documentaries (i-docs) have become established as a new field of practice within non-fiction storytelling. Their various incarnations are now a focus at leading film festivals (IDFA DocLab, Tribeca Storyscapes, Sheffield DocFest), major international awards have been won, and they are increasingly the subject of academic study. This anthology looks at the creative practices, purposes and ethics that lie behind these emergent forms. Expert contributions, case studies and interviews with major figures in the field address the production processes that lie behind interactive documentary, as well as the political, cultural and geographic contexts in which they are emerging and the media ecology that supports them. Taking a broad view of interactive documentary as any work which engages with 'the real' by employing digital interactive technology, this volume addresses a range of platforms and environments, from web-docs and virtual reality to mobile media and live performance. It thus explores the challenges that face interactive documentary practitioners and scholars, and proposes new ways of producing and engaging with interactive factual content.
Supporting Users In Password Authentication With Persuasive Design
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Author : Tobias Seitz
language : en
Publisher: Tobias Seitz
Release Date : 2018-08-03
Supporting Users In Password Authentication With Persuasive Design written by Tobias Seitz and has been published by Tobias Seitz this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-03 with categories.
Activities like text-editing, watching movies, or managing personal finances are all accomplished with web-based solutions nowadays. The providers need to ensure security and privacy of user data. To that end, passwords are still the most common authentication method on the web. They are inexpensive and easy to implement. Users are largely accustomed to this kind of authentication but passwords represent a considerable nuisance, because they are tedious to create, remember, and maintain. In many cases, usability issues turn into security problems, because users try to work around the challenges and create easily predictable credentials. Often, they reuse their passwords for many purposes, which aggravates the risk of identity theft. There have been numerous attempts to remove the root of the problem and replace passwords, e.g., through biometrics. However, no other authentication strategy can fully replace them, so passwords will probably stay a go-to authentication method for the foreseeable future. Researchers and practitioners have thus aimed to improve users' situation in various ways. There are two main lines of research on helping users create both usable and secure passwords. On the one hand, password policies have a notable impact on password practices, because they enforce certain characteristics. However, enforcement reduces users' autonomy and often causes frustration if the requirements are poorly communicated or overly complex. On the other hand, user-centered designs have been proposed: Assistance and persuasion are typically more user-friendly but their influence is often limited. In this thesis, we explore potential reasons for the inefficacy of certain persuasion strategies. From the gained knowledge, we derive novel persuasive design elements to support users in password authentication. The exploration of contextual factors in password practices is based on four projects that reveal both psychological aspects and real-world constraints. Here, we investigate how mental models of password strength and password managers can provide important pointers towards the design of persuasive interventions. Moreover, the associations between personality traits and password practices are evaluated in three user studies. A meticulous audit of real-world password policies shows the constraints for selection and reuse practices. Based on the review of context factors, we then extend the design space of persuasive password support with three projects. We first depict the explicit and implicit user needs in password support. Second, we craft and evaluate a choice architecture that illustrates how a phenomenon from marketing psychology can provide new insights into the design of nudging strategies. Third, we tried to empower users to create memorable passwords with emojis. The results show the challenges and potentials of emoji-passwords on different platforms. Finally, the thesis presents a framework for the persuasive design of password support. It aims to structure the required activities during the entire process. This enables researchers and practitioners to craft novel systems that go beyond traditional paradigms, which is illustrated by a design exercise.
The Prefabricated Interior
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Author : Deborah Schneiderman
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-11-12
The Prefabricated Interior written by Deborah Schneiderman and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-12 with Architecture categories.
Though much attention has been given to the prefabrication of architecture, there has been little discussion on the influence and importance of prefabrication within the interior environment. This book does just that, providing a comprehensive investigation into the prefab interior from the 19th century to the present and beyond. Each chapter focuses on a typology of the prefabricated interior, looking at the bathroom, kitchen, workspace, furniture, mobile interiors, the prefab house, textiles, wearables, and the digital realm of printed interiors. Taken as a group, these chapters and illustrations indicate that constructs of the interior have been pivotal in the generation of techniques and processes of prefabrication in architecture and the built environment. Chapters explore a diverse range of examples of innovative prefabricated elements and assemblages within interior environments, illustrating the inherent sustainability, accessibility, building efficiency, and affordability of prefabricated design. The culmination of a decade of research by the leading expert on the topic, this will be the go-to resource on prefabricated interiors and an important read for all students and researchers in interior design.
Interactive Storytelling
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Author : Anne-Gwenn Bosser
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-26
Interactive Storytelling written by Anne-Gwenn Bosser and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-26 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, ICIDS 2020, held in Bournemouth, UK, in November 2020. The 15 full papers and 8 short papers presented together with 5 posters, were carefully reviewed and selected from 70 submissions. The conference offers topics in game narrative and interactive storytelling, including the theoretical, technological, and applied design practices, narrative systems, storytelling technology, and humanities-inspired theoretical inquiry, empirical research and artistic expression.
Human Computer Interaction
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Author : Julie A. Jacko
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-09-01
Human Computer Interaction written by Julie A. Jacko and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-01 with Computers categories.
This four volume set provides the complete proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction held June, 2003 in Crete, Greece. A total of 2,986 individuals from industry, academia, research institutes, and governmental agencies from 59 countries submitted their work for presentation at the conference. The papers address the latest research and development efforts, as well as highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. Those accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, including the cognitive, social, ergonomic, and health aspects of work with computers. The papers also address major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of diversified application areas, including offices, financial institutions, manufacturing, electronic publishing, construction, health care, and disabled and elderly people.
Handbook Of Research On Andragogical Leadership And Technology In A Modern World
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Author : Wang, Viktor
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2023-05-01
Handbook Of Research On Andragogical Leadership And Technology In A Modern World written by Wang, Viktor and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Innovation and creativity in organizations are pivotal to survival as human activity fuses with technological domains. Exploiting the potential of technology to use it in innovative and creative ways that change how and what humans do for the better lies within the influence of the andragogical leader. Leading by example, when andragogical leaders model the use of technology, they also model creativity, innovation, and failure as a positive learning experience. Andragogical leaders should model effective technology use daily. The Handbook of Research on Andragogical Leadership and Technology in a Modern World provides diverse perspectives, experiences, theories, and philosophies related to andragogical leadership and technology across all levels of education. Covering key topics such as transformational leadership, learning pedagogy, and instructional technology, this major reference work is ideal for policymakers, managers, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.
Philosophical Frameworks And Design Processes
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Author : Doctor Gjoko Muratovski
language : en
Publisher: Intellect Books
Release Date : 2019-05-22
Philosophical Frameworks And Design Processes written by Doctor Gjoko Muratovski and has been published by Intellect Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-22 with Design categories.
Just as the term design has been going through change, growth and expansion of meaning, and interpretation in practice and education – the same can be said for design research. The traditional boundaries of design are dissolving and connections are being established with other fields at an exponential rate. Based on the proceedings from the IASDR 2017 Conference, Re:Research is an edited collection that showcases a curated selection of 83 papers – just over half of the works presented at the conference. With topics ranging from the introduction of design in the primary education sector to designing information for Artificial Intelligence systems, this book collection demonstrates the diverse perspectives of design and design research. Divided into seven thematic volumes, this collection maps out where the field of design research is now. Two Blind Spots in Design Thinking Estelle Berger From the 1980s, design thinking has emerged in companies as a method for practical and creative problem solving, based on designers’ way of thinking, integrated into a rational and iterative model to accompany the process. In companies, design thinking helped valuing creative teamwork, though not necessarily professional designers’ expertise. By pointing out two blind spots in design thinking models, as currently understood and implemented, this paper aims at shedding light on two rarely described traits of designers’ self. The first relies in problem framing, a breaking point that deeply escapes determinism. The second blind spot questions the post project process. We thus seek to portray designers’ singularity, in order to stimulate critical reflection and encourage the opening-up to design culture. Companies and organizations willing to make the most of designers’ expertise would gain acknowledging their critical heteronomy to foster innovation based on strong and disruptive visions, beyond an out-of-date problem-solving approach to design. Creating Different Modes of Existence: Toward an Ontological Ethics of Design Jamie Brassett This paper will address some design concerns relating to philosopher Étienne Souriau’s work Les différents modes d’existence (2009). This has important bearings upon design because, first, this philosophical attitude thinks of designing not as an act of forming objects with identity and meaning, but rather as a process of delivering things that allow for a multiplicity of creative remodulation of our very existences. Secondly, Souriau unpicks the concept of a being existing as a unified identity and redefines existence as a creative act of nonstop production of a variety of modes of existence. In doing this he not only moves ontological considerations to the fore of philosophical discussions away from epistemological ones, but does so in such a way as to align with attitudes to ethics that relate it to ontology – notably the work of Spinoza. (This places Souriau in a philosophical lineage that leads back, for example, to Nietzsche and Whitehead, and forward [from his era] to Deleuze and Guattari.) In thinking both ontology and ethics together, this paper will introduce a different approach to the ethics of design. Investigating Ideation Flexibility through Incremental to Radical Heuristics Ian Baker, Daniel Sevier, Seda McKilligan, Kathryn W. Jablokow, Shanna R. Daly, Eli M. Silk The concept of design thinking has received increasing attention during recent years, particularly from managers around the world. However, despite being the subject of a vast number of articles and books stating its importance, the effectiveness of this approach is unclear, as the claims about the concept are not grounded on empirical studies or evaluations. In this study, we investigated the perceptions of six design thinking methods of 21 managers in the agriculture industry as they explored employee- and business-related problems and solutions using these tools in a 6-hour workshop. The results from pre and post-survey responses suggest that the managers agreed on the value design thinking could bring to their own domains and were able to articulate on how they can use them in solving problems. We conclude by proposing directions for research to further explore adaptation of design thinking for the management practice context. Design Research and Innovation Model Using Layered Clusters of Displaced Prototypes - Juan de la Rosa, Stan Ruecker The ability of design to recognize the wicked problems inside complex systems and find possible ways to modify them, has led other disciplines to try to understand the design process and apply it to many areas of knowledge not traditionally associated with design. In additional, design’s creative solutions and ability to innovate have made designers a valuable resource in the contemporary economy. Nevertheless, there is still an unnecessarily constraining polemic about the meaning and model of the process of academic research in the field of design, the ways in which design research should be conducted and the specific knowledge that is produced with the design research process. This paper tries to broaden the discourse by describing the prototype as a basic element of the process of design, since it is connected to a specific type of knowledge and based on the working skills of the designer; it also proposes a model of the use of prototypes as a research tool based on four different theoretical concepts whose importance in the field of design has been strongly established by different academic communities around the world. These are embodied knowledge, displacement, complexity and that we learn about the world through transforming it. Pursuing these models, we develop a process to intentionally produce designerly knowledge of complex dynamic systems, using layered clusters of displaced prototypes. Solution-Generation Design Profiles: Reflection on “Reflection in Action” - Shoshi Bar-Eli Solution-generation design behavior in general, and “reflection-in-action” in particular, can serve to differentiate designers, recognizing their personal reflecting when designing. In psychology, reflection is found a more robust tool to enhance task performance after feedback from a personal “device” that generates the process itself while interacting with visual representation. Differences among students’ interior design processes appear in their solution-generation design behavior. A “think aloud” experiment identified solution generation behavior profiles. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies showed how design characteristics unite, forming patterns of design behavior. A comprehensive picture of designers’ differences emerged. The research aimed: to identify individual design students’ solution-generation profiles based on design characteristics; to show how reflection-in-action appearing in the profiles can serve to predict how novice designers learn and act when solving a design problem; to enhance the uniqueness of reflection-in-action for designers as distinct from reflection in other fields. Four distinct solution-generation profiles emerged, each showing a different type of reflective acts. Identifying reflection-in-action type can robustly predict how designers develop design solutions and help develop pedagogical concepts, strategies and tools. Let’s Get Divorced: Pragmatic and Critical Constructive Design Research Jodi Forlizzi, Ilpo Koskinen, Paul Hekkert, John Zimmerman Over the last two decades, constructive design research (CDR) –also known as Research through Design – has become an accepted mode of scholarly inquiry within the design research community. CDR is a broad term encompassing almost any kind of research that uses design action as a mode of inquiry. It has been described as having three distinct genres: lab, field and showroom. The lab and field genres typically take a pragmatic stance, making things as a way of investigating what preferred futures might be. In contrast, research done following the showroom approach (more commonly known as critical design [CD], speculative design or design fictions) offers a polemic and sometimes also a critique of the current state embodied in an artifact. Recently, we have observed a growing conflict within the design research community between pragmatic and critical researchers. To help reduce this conflict, we call for a divorce between CD and pragmatic CDR. We clarify how CDR and CD exist along a continuum. We conclude with suggestions for the design research community, about how each unique research approach can be used singly or in combination and how they can push the boundaries of academic design research in new collaboration with different disciplines. Critical and Speculative Design Practice and Semiotics: Meaning-Crafting for Futures Ready Brands - Malex Salamanques This article concerns the use of critical design practices within the context of commercial semiotics, arguing that incorporating practices from a critical design approach is valuable for client brands, but also an important means with which to incite brands to consider more deeply their role in shaping the future. As an alternative to the oppositional approach frequently taken by critical design practitioners, working through design practices collaboratively alongside client brands creates potential for the radical changes sought by many of the movement’s vanguard. A case study of recent work with a corporate client demonstrates the practical effects of using critical design practice within a commercial setting, proving the complementarity between critical design practice and commercial semiotics – where the confluence of the thinking brought new value to improve product design for example – and points to the value of using current leading edge thinking within the design community. Beyond Forecasting: A Design-Inspired Foresight Approach for Preferable Futures - Jorn Buhring, Ilpo Koskinen This paper engages with the literature to present different perspectives between forecasting and foresight in strategic design, while drawing insights derived from futures studies that can be applied in form of a design-inspired foresight approach for designers and interdisciplinary innovation teams increasingly called upon to help envisage preferable futures. Demonstrating this process in applied research, relevant examples are drawn from a 2016 Financial Services industry futures study to the year 2030. While the financial services industry exemplifies an ideal case for design-inspired foresight, the aims of this paper are primarily to establish the peculiarities between traditional forecasting applications and a design-inspired foresight visioning approach as strategic design activities for selecting preferable futures. Underlining the contribution of this paper is the value of design futures thinking as a creative and divergent thought process, which has the potential to respond to the much broader organizational reforms needed to sustain in today’s rapidly evolving business environment. Developing DIVE, a Design-Led Futures Technique for SMEs Ricardo Mejia Sarmiento, Gert Pasman, Erik Jan Hultink, Pieter Jan Stappers Futures techniques have long been used in large enterprises as designerly means to explore the future and guide innovation. In the automotive industry, for instance, the development of concept cars is a technique which has repeatedly proven its value. However, while big companies have broadly embraced futures techniques, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have lagged behind in applying them, largely because they are too resource-intensive and poorly suited to the SMEs’ needs and idiosyncrasies. To address this issue, we developed DIVE: Design, Innovation, Vision, and Exploration, a design-led futures technique for SMEs. Its development began with an inquiry into concept cars in the automotive industry and concept products and services in other industries. We then combined the insights derived from these design practices with elements of the existing techniques of critical design and design fiction into the creation of DIVE’s preliminary first version, which was then applied and evaluated in two iterations with SMEs, resulting in DIVE’s alpha version. After both iterations in context, it seems that DIVE suits the SMEs because of its compact and inexpensive activities which emphasize making and storytelling. Although the results of these activities might be less flashy than concept cars, these simple prototypes and videos help SMEs internalize and share a clear image of a preferable future, commonly known as vision. Developing DIVE thus helped us explore how design can support SMEs in envisioning the future in the context of innovation. Mapping for Mindsets of Possibility During Home Downsizing Lisa Otto How can design orient people to an expanded sense of future possibility? Design researchers are beginning to recognize design’s potential role not solely in producing products, services and strategies but, instead, in shifting mindsets and behaviors. This shift requires a different view of the design practice, from engaging users to gather insights to be implemented, to that process as the actual material of the design. Borrowing from the framework of practice-oriented design, a first step in these processes is expanding participants’ understanding of future possibilities. In opening future possibilities, one recognizes an expanded range of futures and, ideally, engages in dialog with other people and their range of possibilities. This paper introduces mapping activities that are intended to reframe participants’ perception of possible futures. This study conducted pilot workshops with participants who were downsizing their home and struggling with decisions about their things and spaces. This paper argues that working with people already engaged in life transitions such as downsizing presents a rich opportunity for these futuring [sic] methods, as they are already beginning to grapple with designing for possible futures. These methods provide a stake in the ground for future exploration of potential methods to engender mindsets of possibility and engage in trialing methods like living labs. Storytelling Technique for Building Use-Case Scenarios for Design Development Sukwoo Jang, Ki-young Nam Numerous studies have dealt with what kind of value narrative can have for creating a more effective design process. However, there is lack of consideration of storytelling techniques on a stage-by-stage level, where each stage of storytelling technique can draw attention to detailed content for creating use-case scenarios for design development. This research aims to identify the potential implications for design development by using storytelling techniques. For the empirical research, two types of workshops were conducted in order to select the most appropriate storytelling technique for building use-case scenarios, and to determine the relationship between the two methods. Afterwards, co-occurrence analysis was conducted to examine how each step of storytelling technique can help designers develop an enriched content of use-case scenario. Subsequently, the major findings of this research are further discussed, dealing with how each of the storytelling technique steps can help designers to incorporate important issues when building use-case scenarios for design development. These issues are: alternative and competitor’s solution which can aid designers to create better design features; status quo bias of user which can help the designer investigate the occurring reason of the issue; and finally, social/political values of user which have the potential of guiding designers to create strengthened user experience. The results of this research help designers and design researchers concentrate on crucial factors such as the alternative or competitor’s solution, the status quo bias of user, and social/political values of the user when dealing with issues of building use-case scenarios. Group Storymaking: Understanding an Unfamiliar Target Group through Participatory Storytelling Hankyung Kim, Soonju Lee, Youn-kyung Lim Based on a sound research plan, qualitative user data help designers understand needs, behaviors and frustrations of a target user group. However, when a design team attempts to design for unfamiliar target groups, it is extremely difficult to accurately observe and understand them by simply using traditional research methods such as interviews and observation. As a result, the quality of user research data can be called into a question, which leads to unsatisfying design solutions. Inspired by a fiction writer’s technique of generating stories together with readers, we present the new method, Group Storymaking that supports designers to quickly gain broad and clear understanding of an unfamiliar target group throughout a story-making activity with actual users. We envision Group Storymaking as a new user study method that designers can easily implement to learn about an unfamiliar target, involving actual users in a research process with less time and cost commitment. Animation as a Creative Tool: Insights into the Complex Ian Balmain Hewitt, David A. Parkinson, Kevin H. Hilton A Design for Service (DfS) approach has been linked with impacts that significantly alter touchpoints, services and organizational culture. However, there is no model with which to assess the extent to which these impacts can be considered transformational. In the absence of such a model, the authors have reviewed literature on subjects including the transformational potential of design; characteristics of transformational design; transformational change; and organizational change. From this review, six indicators of transformational change in design projects have been identified: evidence of nontraditional transformative design objects; evidence of a new perspective; evidence of a community of advocates; evidence of design capability; evidence of new power dynamics; and evidence of new organizational standards. These indicators, along with an assessment scale, have been used to successfully review the findings from a doctoral study exploring the impact of the DfS approach in Voluntary Community Sector (VCS) organizations. This paper presents this model as a first-step to establishing a method to helpfully gauge the extent of transformational impact in design projects.