Engineered Nano Architectures As Advanced Anode Materials For Next Generation Lithium Ion Batteries
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Engineered Nano Architectures As Advanced Anode Materials For Next Generation Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : Fathy Mohamed Hassan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Engineered Nano Architectures As Advanced Anode Materials For Next Generation Lithium Ion Batteries written by Fathy Mohamed Hassan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Li-ion batteries have a predominant market share as mobile energy storage devices, especially in consumer electronics. New concepts for electrode material designs are, however, necessary to boost their energy and power densities, and most importantly, the long term cycle stability. This will allow for these devices to gain widespread acceptance in electric vehicles, an area with immense market potential and environmental benefits. From a practical perspective, new electrode materials must be developed by simplistic, environmentally friendly and low cost processes. As a new class of electrode materials, mesoporous Sn/SnO2/Carbon composites with uniformly distributed Sn/SnO2 embedded within the carbon pore walls have been rationally designed and synthesized. These nanocomposites have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and tested as negative electrodes in a cell using lithium foil as the counter electrode. The inclusion of metallic Sn in SnO2/CMK3 resulted in a unique, ordered structure and provided a synergistic effect which resulted in an impressive initial reversible capacity of 799 mAh g-1. In addition, at a high current of 800 mAg-1, the heterogeneous structure was able to provide a stable capacity of 350 mAhg-1 and a retention capacity of ~ 670 mAh g-1 after 60 cycles. While Sn/SnO2 composites have been deemed very promising, Si materials boast improved energy storage capacities, inspiring us to investigate these materials as new anode structure. A novel one-pot synthesis for the sub-eutectic growth of (111) oriented Si nanowires on an in-situ formed nickel nanoparticle catalyst prepared from an inexpensive nickel nitrate precursor is developed. Anchoring the nickel nanoparticles to a simultaneously reduced graphene oxide support created synergy between the individual components of the c-SiNW-G composite, which greatly improved the reversible charge capacity and its retention at high current density when applied as an anode for a lithium-ion battery. The c-SiNW-G electrodes in a Li-ion battery achieved excellent high-rate performance, producing a stable reversible capacity of 550 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 6.8 A g-1 (78% of that at 0.1 A g-1). Thus, this process creates an important building block for a new wave of low cost silicon nanowire materials and a promising avenue for high rate Li-ion batteries. While excellent rate capability was obtained by using SiNW/graphene based material, simplifying the process may drive Si based materials to commercialization. A novel, economical flash heat treatment to fabricate silicon based electrodes is introduced to boost the performance and cycle capability of Li-ion batteries. The treatment results in a high mass fraction of Si, improved interfacial contact, synergistic SiO2/C coating and a conductive cellular network for improved electronic conductivity, as well as flexibility for stress compensation. The developed electrodes achieve first cycle efficiency of ~84% and a maximum charge capacity of 3525 mA h g-1, which is almost 84% of silicon's theoretical maximum. Furthermore, a stable reversible charge capacity of 1150 mA h g-1 at 1.2 A g-1 can be achieved over 500 cycles. Thus, the flash heat treatment method introduces a promising avenue for the production of industrially viable, next-generation Li-ion batteries. Even though we obtained a dramatic improvement to a treated electrode based on commercial silicon, we still need to boast the cycle stability and high areal capacity achieved by higher electrode loading. Thus, we report a scalable approach that relies on covalent binding commercially available Si nanoparticles (SiNP) to sulfur-doped graphene (SG) followed by shielding them with cyclized polyacrylonitrile. The covalent synergy led to improved material property that can deliver stable reversible capacity of 1033 mAh g-1 for more than 2000 cycles at a rate of 1 A g-1. The areal capacity was 3.5 mAh cm-2 at 0.1 A g-1, approaching the commercial demand. The spatial arrangement of Si after cycling reveals that it was confined in nanowires morphology. This reveals that the solid electrolyte interphase remains stable leading to superior cyclability. Our DFT calculations revealed covalent hybrid interaction between Si, S, and C leading to stable material configuration. Furthermore, the structure synergy facilitated lithium diffusion, which strongly supports our results. This simple, low cost, feasible, and safe approach provide new avenues for engineering electrode structure for enhanced performance.
Nanotechnology For Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : Yaser Abu-Lebdeh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-17
Nanotechnology For Lithium Ion Batteries written by Yaser Abu-Lebdeh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-17 with Science categories.
This book combines two areas of intense interest: nanotechnology, and energy conversion and storage devices. In particular, Li-ion batteries have enjoyed conspicuous success in many consumer electronic devices and their projected use in vehicles that will revolutionize the way we travel in the near future. For many applications, Li-ion batteries are the battery of choice. This book consolidates the scattered developments in all areas of research related to nanotechnology and lithium ion batteries.
Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : Christian Julien
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2000-10-31
Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries written by Christian Julien and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A lithium-ion battery comprises essentially three components: two intercalation compounds as positive and negative electrodes, separated by an ionic-electronic electrolyte. Each component is discussed in sufficient detail to give the practising engineer an understanding of the subject, providing guidance on the selection of suitable materials in actual applications. Each topic covered is written by an expert, reflecting many years of experience in research and applications. Each topic is provided with an extensive list of references, allowing easy access to further information. Readership: Research students and engineers seeking an expert review. Graduate courses in electrical drives can also be designed around the book by selecting sections for discussion. The coverage and treatment make the book indispensable for the lithium battery community.
Nano Engineered Electrode Materials For Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : Yun Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Nano Engineered Electrode Materials For Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries written by Yun Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Lithium ion batteries categories.
Lithium ion batteries are currently the energy source of choice for small mobile devise like cell phones, laptops, owning to their balance of energy density with power density compared to other energy storage devices, like nickel cadmium batteries. At present there is great urgent need to replace gasoline with environmental healthy electricity. Li-ion batteries became a great alternative as an energy carrier for electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The ever increased power density and the life time of the battery are highly desirable in the application. So there is a great space for the improvement of lithium ion batteries. Thus the focus of the study is put on increasing the power density and cycle life of batteries. Performance of batteries could be improved by means of synthesizing composites, reduce interface resistance, building two dimensional and three dimensional architecture, etc. High performance anode materials such as two dimensional MoO2/graphite oxide composite, three dimensional anode material Co3O4 on nickel foam as well were successfully developed and showed excellent performance. The composites show better performance than each component due to the synergistic effects between the components. By taking advantage of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure, the electrodes exhibited stable output and high power density, as been discussed in chapter 4 and chapter 5. Meanwhile, cathode materials with high stability and high rate capability were synthesized, such as LiMn2O4, V2O5. By doping cations into cathodes, conductivity and structural stability could be improved. Also the electronic structure could also been changed due to the introduction of the cations with different valance. The cathodes were proved to be both stable and fast response to current, as been discussed in chapter 6 and chapter 7. Another way of increase power density is to increase the potential of battery. This is achieved by increase the potential of cathode amterials. Also by modify the surface the high potential electrode, we successfully alleiviate the problem of surface consumption of electrolyte. Nickel doped LiMn2O4 (LiMn1.6Ni0.4O4) is shown to have both high power density and stability. By having higher concentration of Mn3+ ions at surface, we have solve the problem of surface oxidation of electrolyte. Also taking advantage of carbon coating, the dissolution of Mn2+ into electrolyte is also prohibited while the electronic conductivity is increase, as been discussed in chapter 8.1. A new concept of bat-capacitor was brought out too by taking advantage of fast charge nd discharge of capacitor. By combining battery and capacitor, capacitor can serve as lithium ions buffer and reservoir before they can diffuse into battery. Just by simply annealing amorphous materials and forming a partially crystallized electrode, which can be treated as complicated system of nanobatteries and nanocapacitors, as been discussed in chapter 9.
Nano Architectures For Next Generation Energy Storage Technologies
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Author : J. Xiao
language : en
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Release Date : 2015-04-30
Nano Architectures For Next Generation Energy Storage Technologies written by J. Xiao and has been published by The Electrochemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-30 with Science categories.
Nanomaterials In Advanced Batteries And Supercapacitors
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Author : Kenneth I. Ozoemena
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-18
Nanomaterials In Advanced Batteries And Supercapacitors written by Kenneth I. Ozoemena and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an authoritative source of information on the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing electrochemical energy storage systems and the manners in which new such systems are being made possible. The book covers the state of the art of the design, preparation, and engineering of nanoscale functional materials as effective catalysts and as electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and mechanistic investigation of electrode reactions. It also provides perspectives and challenges for future research. A related book by the same editors is: Nanomaterials for Fuel Cell Catalysis.
Rational Design Of Graphene Based Architectures For High Performance Lithium Ion Battery Anodes
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Author : Huan Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Rational Design Of Graphene Based Architectures For High Performance Lithium Ion Battery Anodes written by Huan Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Advances in synthesis and processing of nanocarbon materials, particularly graphene, have presented the opportunity to design novel Li-ion battery (LIB) anode materials that can meet the power requirements of next-generation power devices. This thesis presents three studies on electrochemical behavior of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured anode materials formed by pure graphene sheets and graphene sheets coupled with conversion active materials (metal oxides). In the first project, a microgel-templated approach for fabrication of 3D macro/mesoporous reduced graphene oxide (RGO) anode is discussed. The mesoporous 3D structure provides a large specific surface area, while the macropores also shorten the transport length of Li ions. The second project involves the use of a novel magnetic field-induced method for fabrication of wrinkled Fe3O4@RGO anode materials. The applied magnetic field improves the interfacial contact between the anode and current collector and increases the stacking density of the active material. The magnetic field treatment facilitates the kinetics of Li ions and electrons and improves electrode durability and the surface area of the active material. In the third project, poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-induced self-assembly process was used to design super-mesoporous Fe3O4@RGO anode materials and their electrochemical performance as anode materials is also investigated. To establish correlations between electrode properties (morphological and chemical) and LIB performance, a variety of techniques were used to characterize the samples. The significant improvement in LIB performance of the 3D anodes mentioned above is largely attributed to the unique properties of graphene and the resulting 3D architecture.
Advanced Battery Materials
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Author : Chunwen Sun
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-03-26
Advanced Battery Materials written by Chunwen Sun and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Electrochemical energy storage has played important roles in energy storage technologies for portable electronics and electric vehicle applications. During the past thirty years, great progress has been made in research and development of various batteries, in term of energy density increase and cost reduction. However, the energy density has to be further increased to achieve long endurance time. In this book, recent research and development in advanced electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices are presented, including lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and metal-air batteries, sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors. The materials involve transition metal oxides, sulfides, Si-based material as well as graphene and graphene composites.
Advanced Characterization And Modeling Of Next Generation Lithium Ion Electrodes And Interfaces
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Author : Thomas Andrew Wynn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Advanced Characterization And Modeling Of Next Generation Lithium Ion Electrodes And Interfaces written by Thomas Andrew Wynn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Lithium ion batteries have proven to be a paradigm shifting technology, enabling high energy density storage to power the handheld device and electric automotive revolutions. However relatively slow progress toward increased energy and power density has been made since the inception of the first functional lithium ion battery. Materials under consideration for next generation lithium ion batteries include anionic-redox-active cathodes, solid state electrolytes, and lithium metal anodes. Li-rich cathodes harness anionic redox, showing increased first charge capacity well beyond the redox capacity of traditional transition metal oxides, though suffer from severe capacity and voltage fade after the first cycle. This is in part attributed to oxygen evolution, driving surface reconstruction. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer the potential for safer devices, serving as physical barriers for dendrite penetration, while hoping to enable the lithium metal anode. The lithium metal naturally exhibits the highest volumetric energy density of all anode materials. Here, we employ simulation and advanced characterization methodologies to understand the fundamental properties of a variety of next generation lithium ion battery materials and devices leading to their successes or failures. Using density functional theory, the effect of cationic substitution on the propensity for oxygen evolution was explored. Improvement in Li-rich cathode performance is predicted and demonstrated through doping of 4d transition metal Mo. Next, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), an SSE utilized in thin film batteries, was explored. LiPON has proven stable cycling against lithium metal anodes, though its stability is poorly understood. RF sputtered thin films of LiPON are examined via spectroscopic computational methods and nuclear magnetic resonance to reveal its atomic structure, ultimately responsible for its success as a thin film solid electrolyte. A new perspective on LiPON is presented, emphasizing its glassy nature and lack of long-range connectivity. Progress toward in situ methodologies for solid-state interfaces is described, and a protocol for FIB-produced nanobatteries is developed. Cryogenic methodologies are applied to a PEO/NCA composite electrode. Cryogenic focused ion beam was shown to preserve polymer structure and morphology, enabling accurate morphological quantification and preserving the crystallinity, as observed via TEM. Last, development of in situ solid-state interface characterization is discussed.
Nanowire Based Materials And Architectures As Anodes For Li Ion Batteries
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Author : Praveen Meduri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Nanowire Based Materials And Architectures As Anodes For Li Ion Batteries written by Praveen Meduri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Nanowires categories.
Energy independence requires that the nation reduce its dependence on foreign oil imports. This can be achieved through electrification of transportation vehicles if proper battery technology can be developed. In addition, the renewable energy sources such as solar and wind tend to be intermittent with time scales ranging from seconds to hours. So, a suitable energy storage technology is essential for integrating renewable sources for base load generation. Lithium ion battery technology is promising; however, the big challenge limiting its widespread implementation is with capacity, durability and safety. A dramatic advancement is needed in terms of materials used for both electrodes and electrolytes. Several materials such as tin, tin oxide (SnO2), cobalt oxide (CoO3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), intermetallic alloys and semiconductors like silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) potentially provide much higher theoretical capacity compared to conventionally used carbon based materials for anodes. Although most of these materials have favorable characteristics, they come at the expense of enormous volume changes associated with lithium alloying as a result of which the material integrity is lost. One-dimensional nanowires are believed to have better charge transport and strain relaxation properties but mostly unproven. In this dissertation, a generic hybrid architecture concept involving one-dimensional nanowires covered with nanoclusters IS proposed for improving the durability of anodes with high capacity retention. Specifically, this concept is demonstrated with metal-nanocluster-covered metal oxide nanowires using Sn/SnO2 system. The results showed that Sn nanocluster covered SnO2 nanowires exhibited a capacity retention of ~800 mAhg-1 for up to 100 cycles, the highest reported until now. In this study, the presence of well-spaced nanoclusters provides adequate room for metal volume expansion on lithiation preventing cluster coalescence leading to stable material structure while the metal oxide base provides various channels for electron conductivity. Cyclic voltammetric studies are conducted to understand the fundamental behavior of mono layers of nanoscale and micron scale tin clusters supported on both metallic substrates and hybrid architectures. The results suggest that tin clusters with sizes less than 50nm undergo complete de-lithiation while larger clusters exhibit incomplete delithiation due to diffusion limitation. The hybrid architecture concept can also be extended to other high capacity materials systems using unique carbon structures and molybdenum oxide nanowire arrays as base materials. In this direction, carbon microtubes (CMTs) are synthesized in large quantities and tested for their lithiation and de-lithiation characteristics. CMTs are micron sized tubes with 50nm walls comprised of random nanographite domains. The results indicated that CMTs exhibited capacity retention of ~440 mAhg-l, higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite. More importantly, CMTs show excellent rate capability of ~135 mAhg-1 at rates as high as 5C which makes them ideal as base materials in hybrid architectures. Another material of interest is molybdenum oxide (MoO3) which has excellent theoretical capacity and stability. Nanowire arrays are grown on conducting substrates providing direct charge conduction pathways eliminating the use of conducting polymer, generally used in powder based electrodes. These arrays show good capacity retention of ~630 mAhg-1 along with rate capability. In addition, the capacity retention below 0.7 V is ~500 mAhg-1 , which is better than the performance of any other MoO3 based materials and hence, makes the material viable for practical application as electrodes. Technologically, the proposed concept of hybrid architectured materials involving I-D materials with nanoclusters should result in the development of new materials architectures for high capacity, high rate and durable anodes. Scientifically, for the first time, the study showed fundamental differences in the lithiationlde-lithiation behavior of tin clusters at nanoscale which could apply to several other material systems. In addition, the interesting aspects involved in high capacity retention and durability have been aptly studied and understood for further application in other material systems.