English And German A Comparison Of Phonological And Inflectional Properties
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English And German A Comparison Of Phonological And Inflectional Properties
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Author : Hülya Atasoyi
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-01-04
English And German A Comparison Of Phonological And Inflectional Properties written by Hülya Atasoyi and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-04 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2.0, University of Duisburg-Essen (Anglophone Studies), course: Languages around the world, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at providing a comparison of phonological as well as inflectional properties of English and German. It presents an overview of how major differences between both languages correlate with potential problems in language learning. Furthermore, the problems in language learning of two languages of similar historical origin will be examined, in particular German native-speakers in learning English and vice versa. In addition, it might be significant to see how both languages are differently hard to learn. However, it has to be considered that the degree of difficulty in learning one of these languages differs for every individual person. Each section will concentrate on the question whether major differences between English and German correlate with potential problems in language learning, in particular sections 3.2, 4.3 and 5. At first, some background information on these languages will be given. Afterwards, by presenting the phoneme inventory, particularly focusing on interference, this paper takes a specific look at the pronunciation difficulties of second language learners. Additionally, a short definition of the term ‘suffixation’ will be given in order to introduce the topic ‘inflection’. Selected inflectional suffixes in English and German, with focus on nouns and pronouns, will be investigated separately with examples in order to give an overview about this morphologic process in both languages. What is also presented in this section is an extensive comparison of inflectional suffixes. Furthermore, a survey was conducted in which students and people with less English and/or German knowledge were questioned. The survey is concerned with difficulties in learning English and German.
Inflectional And Derivational Morphology
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Author : Julia Schönmann
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2014-05-16
Inflectional And Derivational Morphology written by Julia Schönmann and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-16 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Heidelberg (Institut für Übersetzen und Dolmetschen), language: English, abstract: Generally, Kortmann defines Contrastive Linguistics as the parallel comparison of two languages concerning their language parameters. According to him, it is especially important to identify separate bundles with structural differences and find the relation between them, the so-called “Kontrastbündel” (contrast bundles). Each one of these bundles can be deduced from the construction plan of the contrastive language. In this regard, Kortmann starts his analysis by comparing his purpose of Contrastive Linguistics to its original use. He refers to the fact that in the early 40s till 60s these language differences were considered the reason for the problems occurring when learning a foreign language. Hence, Contrastive Linguistics was primarily important for pedagogical use. The systematic comparison of two languages was supposed to improve the learner’s and teacher’s understanding of the foreign language by for example predicting mistakes often made. In this context, Kortmann sees the previously mentioned Contrastive Hypothesis from Lado as a good explanation for the main factors which trigger contrasts. The Contrastive Hypothesis indicates that similarities between the native language (L1) and the foreign language (L2) lead to an easy and fast learning process whereas differences lead to difficulties and are the main reason for making mistakes. Thus, the basic idea of the Contrastive Hypothesis is the transfer of the characteristics of the native language to the foreign language. Depending on whether this transfer promotes or represses the learning process, it is considered a positive or negative transfer. A negative transfer is also referred to as interference. The most important types of interference are substitution (1), over-differentiation, under-differentiation, over-representation and under-representation (2). Here, Kortmann comments that according to this basic assumption of Contrastive Linguistics only substitution, over-differentiation and under-differentiation can trigger mistakes.
Basic Structural Differences Within A Linguistic Comparison Of English And German Grammar
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Author : Theresa Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010
Basic Structural Differences Within A Linguistic Comparison Of English And German Grammar written by Theresa Schmidt and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with English language categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Comparative Literature, grade: 1,7, http: //www.uni-jena.de/ (Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: HpS Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Introduction Since German and English both belong to the same family of languages, i.e. West Germanic, they are - at least, from an historical point of view - closely related languages. By investigating their respective grammatical structures it is to be discussed whether the existing structural contrasts between English and German grammar are related as well. Within this paper the most general and basic of the occurring differences will be summarised and analysed by taking John Hawkins' A Comparative Typology of English and German. Unifying the Contrasts as a basic source. Hawkins argues that where German and English contrast the latter tends to show less correspondence between form and meaning. This is due to his central hypothesis which says that it is possible to establish general principles which unite the major contrasts between both languages (cf. 4). Hawkins assumes that the differences within the grammatical structures are not accidental ones; they are rather systematic and can be traced back to one "ultimate trigger " (5) in the history of the English language - phonological changes which caused all further structural differences as either direct or indirect consequences of this process (cf. 5-7). The attempt of this paper is to draw conclusions from this knowledge of the common historical background and apply it to the modern "versions" of the German and English language and the major patterns of variation. To get a descriptive and lucid image of the contrasts between the two languages, we first start on the level of individual words by considering their morphological structure, i.e. we will examine the inflection of the verb and the case marking of noun phrases. This will lead us directly to questi
The Pronounciation Of German Loanwords In English An Analysis Of Phonological Differences
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Author : Stefanie Dietzel
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-07-12
The Pronounciation Of German Loanwords In English An Analysis Of Phonological Differences written by Stefanie Dietzel and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-12 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Marburg (Fremdsprachliche Philologien), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: This paper will present the most frequently used German loan words in English and focus on their pronunciation. First, a list of items will represent my data collection via the Oxford English Dictionary. It will refer to the study of the etymology of the words. After that, the paper will show the results of the recording of native speakers of English. Then the words will be analysed with respect to phonetic realization. Finally, I will emphasise the main differences between English and German phonology. “English does not have many German loanwords – at least not many of common use – but those it does have are a rather more mixed bunch than such stereotypic lists might imply.” (Stubbs 1998:19) With his statement, Stubbs refers to those linguists who claim that the small number of German loanwords in English only originate from specific historical contexts. In his paper, he wants to revise this belief and show that also more general terms are adapted from German to English.
The German Language
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Author : Jean Boase-Beier
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
The German Language written by Jean Boase-Beier and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Foreign Language Study categories.
The German Language introduces students of German to a linguistic way of looking at the language. Written from a Chomksyan perspective, this volume covers the basic structural components of the German language: syntax, morphology, phonetics, phonology, and the lexicon. Explores the linguistic structure of German from current theoretical perspectives. Written from a Chomksyan perspective, this volume covers the basic structural components of the German language: syntax, morphology, phonetics, phonology, and the lexicon. Serves as a valuable resource for students of German language and literature and for linguists with little or no background in the language. Includes exercises, definitions of key terms, and suggestions for further reading.
Elements Of German
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Author : Elmer H. Antonsen
language : de
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
Release Date : 2007-09-09
Elements Of German written by Elmer H. Antonsen and has been published by University of Alabama Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-09 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Elements of German fills a gap in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate levels of German language study by presenting more advanced concepts of the language in a light intended for practical use rather than theoretical discourse. This text provides a means to improve knowledge and command of grammatically correct German as it is spoken and written. It also introduces methods and tools of linguistic analysis in the areas of phonology and morphology. Unlike books that treat phonology in a cursory way, this text delves into the problems of word formation and the intricacies o ...
English And German Consonant Systems Compared Phonemic And Phonetic Contrasts
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Author : Elisabeth Lyons
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2019-09-05
English And German Consonant Systems Compared Phonemic And Phonetic Contrasts written by Elisabeth Lyons and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-05 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, University of Salzburg (Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: DELS I, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to show the most important consonant-related differences between English and German. Not only are phonemic features compared, it also deals with the phonetic differences of consonants that are phonologically identical. The comparison also briefly looks at eventual difficulties in pronunciation of unfamiliar sounds for the learner of the respective language. The consonants are grouped according to the parameter manner of articulation, and each group, for example plosives, nasals, fricatives, affricates, laterals, R-variants and glides, is compared in a separate chapter. Additionally to the distinctive sounds, the most important allophonic variants of certain phonemes of both languages are looked at.The differences described in this comparison do not claim to be exhaustive, however the paper aims to give a general overview regarding the most predominant differences and similarities of the English and German consonant systems, phonologically as well as phonetically. Unless stated differently, the English referred to is RP.
English Linguistics
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Author : Bernd Kortmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-28
English Linguistics written by Bernd Kortmann and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This is the completely revised, updated and enlarged 2nd edition of a classic textbook used in many English and linguistics departments in Germany for more than 20 years. It serves both as an introduction for beginners and as a companion for more advanced undergraduate and graduate students, familiarizing its readers with the major and distinctive properties of English (Standard English as well major national, regional and social varieties), including an in-depth structural comparison with German. Written in an accessible style and with many reader-friendly features (including checklists with key terms and concepts, basic and advanced exercises with solutions), the book offers a state-of-the-art-survey of the core terminology and issues of the central branches of linguistics, including an account of the major current research traditions and methodologies.
The Phonology Of Pennsylvania German English As Evidence Of Language Maintenance And Shift
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Author : Achim Kopp
language : en
Publisher: Susquehanna University Press
Release Date : 1999
The Phonology Of Pennsylvania German English As Evidence Of Language Maintenance And Shift written by Achim Kopp and has been published by Susquehanna University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Foreign Language Study categories.
"The phonological differences found in the informants' varieties of English are reflected in the differences in the areas of language use and language attitude. In the final chapter, findings gained from the study of the latter two areas are used to suggest an explanation of the "Pennsylvania German paradox." An attempt is made to integrate the phonological findings into a larger theory of language change and to make predictions about future linguistic developments."--BOOK JACKET.
Patterns Of Variation In The Participle Formation Of English Loan Verbs In German
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Author : Roman Büttner
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2008-05-27
Patterns Of Variation In The Participle Formation Of English Loan Verbs In German written by Roman Büttner and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-27 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Marburg (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: In the last decades, modern English has evolved into one of the dominant world languages of science and technology, sports and pop culture. In that it also has a growing influence on other languages such as German. Recent linguistic research has not yet been able to come up with the actual percentage of anglicisms in modern German. Linguists like Zifonun and Kirkness do however estimate that 11-40 % of all neologisms that enter the German language are of English origin. The biggest word class among these are nouns because their morphosyntactic integration into the target language does not pose too great a problem for speakers of German. This is different with verbs: their morphological structure is more complicated than that of nouns due to their wider system of inflectional paradigms. In comparison to German, English syntax is much stricter which results in different syntactic treatments of verbs in both languages. Besides, nowadays the only productive class among these consists of the regular weak verbs. All new loans are incorporated into this class and must therefore rigorously follow its inflectional paradigms. In that, the integration of verbal anglicisms into German is different from the integration of nouns which provides a fruitful area of linguistic research. After all, they account for 10-20 % of all anglicisms, as linguist Stephanie Bohmann is said to have found out. The aim of this term paper is to take a look at variation in the formation of the past participle (“Partizip II”) of English verbs in German. For that purpose I will start with an introduction to previous research in that specific field, answering the general question how the past participle is formed in German and where problems may occur with verbal anglicisms. In a next step I will present the empirical study I conducted and the results collected from it in order to get a deeper insight into morphosyntactic variation in the process of word integration.