Environmental Impacts Of Treated Wood
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Environmental Impacts Of Treated Wood
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Author : Timothy G. Townsend
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-06-02
Environmental Impacts Of Treated Wood written by Timothy G. Townsend and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-02 with Science categories.
Responding to a heightened awareness of the possible adverse effect of treated wood, this book presents multidisciplinary research results and fundamental information on regulations, wood treatment alternatives, and documentation of environmental releases. It examines the impact of treated wood on water, soil, and organisms. Several chapters discuss ways to measure exposure and review various approaches to risk assessment and management. Case studies address human health effects of exposure. The book also presents state-of-the-art disposal technologies, new preservative compounds, and recent developments related to phase outs of certain treated wood products.
Variability In Evaluating Environmental Impacts Of Treated Wood
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Author : Stan Lebow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Variability In Evaluating Environmental Impacts Of Treated Wood written by Stan Lebow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Wood preservatives categories.
Environmental Impact Of Preservative Treated Wood In A Wetland Boardwalk
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Environmental Impact Of Preservative Treated Wood In A Wetland Boardwalk written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Wood preservatives categories.
Assessment Of The Environmental Effects Associated With Wooden Bridges Preserved With Creosote Pentachlorophenol Or Chromated Copper Arsenate
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Author : Kenneth M. Brooks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Assessment Of The Environmental Effects Associated With Wooden Bridges Preserved With Creosote Pentachlorophenol Or Chromated Copper Arsenate written by Kenneth M. Brooks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Wood preservatives categories.
Timber bridges provide an economical alternative to concrete and steel structures, particularly in rural areas with light to moderate vehicle traffic. Wooden components of these bridges are treated with chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA), pentachlorophenol, or creosote to prolong the life of the structure from a few years to many decades. This results in reduced transportation infrastructure costs and increased public safety. However, the preservative used to treat the wooden components in timber bridges is lost to the environment in small amounts over time. This report describes the concentration of wood preservatives lost to adjacent environments and the biological response to these preservatives as environmental contaminants. Six bridges from various states were examined for risk assessment: two creosote treated bridges, two pentachlorophenol-treated bridges, and two CCA-treated bridges. In all cases, the largest bridges located in biologically active environments associated with slow-flowing water were selected to represent worst-case analyses. Sediment and water column concentrations of preservative were analyzed upstream from, under, and downstream from each bridge. The observed levels of contaminant were compared with available regulatory standards or benchmarks and with the quantitative description of the aquatic invertebrate community sampled from vegetation and sediments. Pentachlorophenol- and creosote-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were not observed in the water near any of the selected bridges. However, low levels of PAHs were observed in the sediments under and immediately downstream from these bridges. Pentachlorophenol concentrations did not approach toxicological benchmarks. Sediment concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene exceeded the probable effect level. Metal levels at the bridges treated with CCA were less than predicted effect levels, in spite of questionable construction practices. Adverse biological effects were not observed in the aquatic invertebrate community or laboratory bioassays conducted on water and sediments sampled at each of the bridges. Results of this study reveal the need to follow the construction information found in Best Management Practices for the Use of Treated Wood In Aquatic Environments published by Western Wood Preservers Institute. Regulatory benchmarks used in risk assessments of this type need to be indexed to local environmental conditions. The robust invertebrate communities associated with slow-moving streams over soft bottoms were not susceptible to the concentrations of PAHs that would be expected to affect more sensitive taxa, which typically are located in faster moving water over hard bottoms. Contaminants released from timber bridges into these faster systems (where more sensitive taxa are located) are significantly diluted and not found at biologically significant levels.
Preservative Treated Wood And Alternative Products In The Forest Service
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Author : James Scott Groenier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Preservative Treated Wood And Alternative Products In The Forest Service written by James Scott Groenier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Bridges categories.
Environmental Aspects Of Industrial Wood Preservation
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Author : Industry and Environment Programme Activity Centre
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Environment Programme
Release Date : 1994
Environmental Aspects Of Industrial Wood Preservation written by Industry and Environment Programme Activity Centre and has been published by United Nations Environment Programme this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Nature categories.
Wood Modification Technologies
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Author : Dick Sandberg
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-07-15
Wood Modification Technologies written by Dick Sandberg and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-15 with Nature categories.
The market for durable products using modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years. This is partly because of the restriction on the use of toxic preservatives due to environmental concerns, and to lower maintenance cost and time. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials is factored in planning by considering the whole life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. Wood is modified to improve its intrinsic properties, enhance the range of applications of timber, and to acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers without calling the environmental friendliness into question. Wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges faced in scaling up to industrial applications differ. The aim of this book is to put together the key elements of the changes of wood constituents and the related changes in wood properties of modified wood. Further, a selection of the principal technologies implemented in wood modification are presented. This work is intended for researchers, professionals of timber construction, as well as students studying the science of materials, civil engineering and architecture. This work is not exhaustive, but intends to deliver an outline of the scientific disciplines necessary to apprehend the technologies of wood modification and its behavior during treatment, as well as during its use.
Leaching Of Wood Preservative Components And Their Mobility In The Environment
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Author : Stan Lebow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Leaching Of Wood Preservative Components And Their Mobility In The Environment written by Stan Lebow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Leaching categories.
Assessment Of The Environmental Effects Associated With Wooden Bridges Preserved With Creosote Pentachlorophenol Or Chromated Copper Arsenate
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Author : Kenneth M. Brooks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001-12
Assessment Of The Environmental Effects Associated With Wooden Bridges Preserved With Creosote Pentachlorophenol Or Chromated Copper Arsenate written by Kenneth M. Brooks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-12 with categories.
Timber bridges provide an economic alternative to concrete & steel structures, particularly in rural areas. Wooden components of these bridges are treated with chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA), pentachlorophenol, or creosote to prolong the life of the structure. However, these preservatives are lost to the environment in small amounts over time. This report describes the concentration of wood preservatives lost to adjacent environments & the biological response to these preservatives as environmental contaminants. Six bridges from various states were examined for risk assessment. Includes: previous treated-wood assess.; materials & methods. Photos & maps.
Environmental Impacts Of Traditional And Innovative Forest Based Bioproducts
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Author : Andreja Kutnar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-03-21
Environmental Impacts Of Traditional And Innovative Forest Based Bioproducts written by Andreja Kutnar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a comprehensive description of traditional and innovative forest-based bioproducts, from pulp and paper, wood-based composites and wood fuels to chemicals and fiber-based composites. The descriptions of different types of forest-based bioproducts are supplemented by the environmental impacts involved in their processing, use, and end-of-life phase. Further, the possibility of reusing, recycling and upgrading bioproducts at the end of their projected life cycle is discussed. As the intensity of demand for forest biomass is currently changing, forest-based industries need to respond with innovative products, business models, marketing and management. As such, the book concludes with a chapter on the bioproducts business and these products’ role in bioeconomies.