Environmental Stress Adaptation And Evolution
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Environmental Stress Adaptation And Evolution
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Author : K. Bijlsma
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2013-03-08
Environmental Stress Adaptation And Evolution written by K. Bijlsma and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Science categories.
Most organisms and populations have to cope with hostile environments, threatening their existence. Their ability to respond phenotypically and genetically to these challenges and to evolve adaptive mechanisms is, therefore, crucial. The contributions to this book aim at understanding, from a evolutionary perspective, the impact of stress on biological systems. Scientists, applying different approaches spanning from the molecular and the protein level to individuals, populations and ecosystems, explore how organisms adapt to extreme environments, how stress changes genetic structure and affects life histories, how organisms cope with thermal stress through acclimation, and how environmental and genetic stress induce fluctuating asymmetry, shape selection pressure and cause extinction of populations. Finally, it discusses the role of stress in evolutionary change, from stress induced mutations and selection to speciation and evolution at the geological time scale. The book contains reviews and novel scientific results on the subject. It will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students and may serve as a text for graduate courses.
Stress Ecology
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Author : Christian E.W. Steinberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-02
Stress Ecology written by Christian E.W. Steinberg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-02 with Science categories.
Not all stress is stressful; instead, it appears that stress in the environment, below the mutation threshold, is essential for many subtle manifestations of population structures and biodiversity, and has played a substantial role in the evolution of life. Intrigued by the behavior of laboratory animals that contradicted our current understanding of stress, the author and his group studied the beneficial effects of stress on animals and plants. The seemingly “crazy” animals demonstrated that several stress paradigms are outdated and have to be reconsidered. The book describes the general stress responses in microorganisms, plants, and animals to abiotic and biotic, to natural and anthropogenic stressors. These stress responses include the activation of oxygen, the biotransformation system, the stress proteins, and the metal-binding proteins. The potential of stress response lies in the transcription of genes, whereas the actual response is manifested by proteins and metabolites. Yet, not all stress responses are in the genes: micro-RNAs and epigenetics play central roles. Multiple stressors, such as environmental realism, do not always act additively; they may even diminish one another. Furthermore, one stressor often prepares the subject for the next one to come and may produce extended lifespans and increased offspring numbers, thus causing shifts in population structures. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of the ecological and evolutionary effects of stress.
Morphogenesis Environmental Stress And Reverse Evolution
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Author : Jean Guex
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-23
Morphogenesis Environmental Stress And Reverse Evolution written by Jean Guex and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-23 with Science categories.
It is widely acknowledged that life has adapted to its environment, but the precise mechanism remains unknown since Natural Selection, Descent with Modification and Survival of the Fittest are metaphors that cannot be scientifically tested. In this unique text, invertebrate and vertebrate biologists illuminate the effects of physiologic stress on epigenetic responses in the process of evolutionary adaptation from unicellular organisms to invertebrates and vertebrates, respectively. This book offers a novel perspective on the mechanisms underlying evolution. Capacities for morphologic alterations and epigenetic adaptations subject to environmental stresses are demonstrated in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Furthermore, the underlying cellular-molecular mechanisms that mediate stress for adaptation will be elucidated wherever possible. These include examples of ‘reverse evolution’ by Professor Guex for Ammonites and for mammals by Professor Torday and Dr. Miller. This provides empiric evidence that the conventional way of thinking about evolution as unidirectional is incorrect, leaving open the possibility that it is determined by cell-cell interactions, not sexual selection and reproductive strategy. Rather, the process of evolution can be productively traced through the conservation of an identifiable set of First Principles of Physiology that began with the unicellular form and have been consistently maintained, as reflected by the return to the unicellular state over the course of the life cycle.
Evolutionary Genetics And Environmental Stress
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Author : Ary A. Hoffmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1991
Evolutionary Genetics And Environmental Stress written by Ary A. Hoffmann and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Although unpredictable and of short duration, periods of extreme environmental stress have been found to occur throughout the entire course of evolution. This book concentrates on the evolutionary changes that take place during these critical periods, when populations are driven to the extreme limits of resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that it is precisely during such moments that fundamental changes in the natural order of systems are likely, both in terms of species extinctions and bursts of evolutionary activity. This study thus offers much potential for understanding the basic forces underlying the development of life on our planet. The book is necessarily multidisciplinary in approach, with an emphasis on the interaction between ecology, genetics, physiology, and the study of behavior and development. The book concludes with a discussion of the range expansion of species, and insightful observations regarding conservation strategies under rapidly changing conditions, including those created by environmental pollution.
Environmental Stressors And Gene Responses
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Author : J.M. Storey
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2000-07-31
Environmental Stressors And Gene Responses written by J.M. Storey and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-31 with Science categories.
Cell and Molecular Responses to Stress is a new multi-volume book series from Elsevier Science that focuses on how organisms respond at a molecular level to environmental stresses imposed upon them. All organisms deal with variations in multiple environmental factors including temperature, oxygen, salinity, and water availability. Many show amazing tolerances to extreme stress with remarkable biochemical adaptations that allow life to persist under very difficult circumstances. This series explores the molecular mechanisms by which cells and organisms respond to stress, focusing on the variations in metabolic response that allow some cells and organisms to deal with extreme stress, others to endure stress within strict limits, and others to have a very low tolerance for changes in environmental parameters.Articles from within the series highlight the elastic limits of molecular responses in Nature, with examples drawn from animal, plant and bacteria systems.Volume 1, begins by considering some of the roles of environmental stress in determining the geographic distribution of animals and in promoting species divergence and then explores gene expression and metabolic responses to environmental stress with examples of adaptation to high and low temperature, osmotic, anoxia/ischemia, desiccation, high pressure and heavy metal stresses.
Struggle Of Life
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Author : Martial Rossignol
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Struggle Of Life written by Martial Rossignol and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Adaptation (Biology) categories.
"Life emprisons stress and puts it to work. It often does so by symbiosis. Struggle is a property of life. This book presents Life as a struggle to bring the order of Mendel's Laws of heredity. The physical world tends to run out of useful energy like an old-fashioned clock. The secret of Life is, that it brings order where useful energy has gone, by a process called adaptation. This struggle of life so fashions biodiversity at all levels. Many decades of long-term experiments in test-tubes, long-term study of oceans and climates and forest ecosystem research allowed the authors to compare adaptation of life, from submicroscopic nucleotides to huge ecosystems. The sun's atomic clock beats the rhythm of environmental stress. Behaviour, rhythm and architecture were studied and explained at all levels, from molecule to plant or animal and to ecosystems. All evolution in Life follows pathways of a few steps only, joined by `biological clasps '. A clasp is like a coded biological lock at the end of a chain. A clasp opens or closes each half-path around the DNA helix., A meristem-with-leaf ('leaf-plus') opens or closes the pathway of shoot growth in plants, a ` minimal axis ' allows or blocks branching, perhaps ` homeotic genes ' in animals possess clasps. ` Critical eco-units ' stop or start ecosystem succession. Adaptation to stress requires a change of the code of the lock, that is a changed clasp, and so produces new instructions for new, adapted development. Codes are changed by plasmid transfer in DNA, meristem differentiation in plants, selective activation of seeds and eggs in mini-ecosystems. The sheer number of processes causes development to be complex and fuzzy. The struggle of Life has no mechanical precision. It creates similar but not quite the same, new, unexpected, diverse places for new, diverse structures and organisms to grow."--Site web www.nhbs.com.
Evolution Ecology And Environmental Stress
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Author : Peter Calow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Evolution Ecology And Environmental Stress written by Peter Calow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Adaptation (Biology). categories.
Papers from a symposium. The aim was to clarify the concept of stress and to consider its use as a probe of ecological systems and evolutionary processes. There was also an effort to consider the impact of stress at various levels of biological organization and to investigate the extent to which impacts at one level might be related to changes at others.
Environmental Stress And Behavioural Adaptation
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Author : John Davenport
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Environmental Stress And Behavioural Adaptation written by John Davenport and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
It is generally agreed that animal life originated in the sea and that adaptive radiation subsequently led to the colonisaHon of other environments - shores and estuaries, streams and lakes, bog, mountain and desert. In their invasion of these habitats animals left the equable, relatively stabl.e surroundings of the open sea and subjected themselves to the rigours of temperature fluctuations and extremes, a variety of ionic backgrounds, areas of depleted oxygen or the possibility of aerial exposure and potential desiccation. The spur for this radiation presumably lay in the prize of access to unexploited habitats and sources of energy. The survival of these more adventurous species has depended upon them evolving mechanisms to protect the integrity of their cellular constituents. Protoplasm can only exist within physiochemical limits which are quite narrow for each species. Water activity, salt and gas concentrations and temperature all have to be appropriate for enzyme catalysed processes to function properly within cells. Except in the open sea, environmental conditions regularly vary outside these limits. To take a familiar example; humans can only remain conscious (and hence functional) if their core (Le. deep tissues - brain, heart, liver, etc.) body temperature is maintained between about 30 and 43°C.
Adaptation And Environment
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Author : Robert N. Brandon
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-07-14
Adaptation And Environment written by Robert N. Brandon and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-14 with Science categories.
By focusing on the crucial role of environment in the process of adaptation, Robert Brandon clarifies definitions and principles so as to help make the argument of evolution by natural selection empirically testable. He proposes that natural selection is the process of differential reproduction resulting from differential adaptedness to a common selective environment. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Extreme Environmental Change And Evolution
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Author : Ary A. Hoffmann
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1997-07-10
Extreme Environmental Change And Evolution written by Ary A. Hoffmann and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-07-10 with Science categories.
Most natural populations intermittently experience extremely stressful conditions. This book discusses how such conditions can cause periods of intense selection, increasing both phenotypic and genetic variation, and allowing organisms with novel characteristics to be first generated and then established in the population. The authors argue that stressful conditions can have a major impact on the environment, backing up their arguments with evidence from the fossil record. They suggest further that, as a consequence, periods of stress must be taken into consideration when long term conservation strategies are planned, particularly as stressful conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent as a result of human activities. This broad overview will be of great interest to students and researchers in the field of evolutionary biology, genetics, ecology, palaeontology and conservation biology.