Environmental Valuation As Part Of Project Appraisal By The World Bank
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Environmental Valuation As Part Of Project Appraisal By The World Bank
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Author : Michael Reitinger
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2017-01-11
Environmental Valuation As Part Of Project Appraisal By The World Bank written by Michael Reitinger and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 1,0, University of Manchester (School of Environment and Development), course: International Development, language: English, abstract: In face of scarce resources and growing population, sustainability became the term used to consider the needs of future generations in the decision making process referring projects. The World Bank, as one of the major players in the field of development research and practice, aggregates information from different areas in the project appraisal document (PAD) in order to allow for sustainability. One of the approaches used to measure environmental impacts of a project is economic valuation of environmental goods and services. The results of this approach flow into the cost benefit analysis, which is part of the economic analysis. Although substantial critique has been expressed over the last decades, environmental valuation and costbenefit analysis are considered sensible tools in the context of decision making over project funding. This is especially the case because of tremendous development of these techniques over the last decades. This study shows that the World Bank, as one of the leading institutions in the world, treats this topic from two different perspectives. First, there is the theoretical side. Here the World Bank sets out ideal procedures, under their rules and guidelines, and publishes papers and reports with respect to further development of underlying methods. The aim here is to allow for measurement of total social welfare, or in other words measurement of the complete picture of environmental costs and benefits associated with a project. Second there is the practical side, were the World Bank adjusts environmental valuation techniques in order to understand the most important costs and benefits associated with a project, where measurement of the total social welfare of a project is not the target. In this case the aim is to collect sufficient information to allow making a funding decision, rather than understanding the complete picture. This impression is caused by findings from the case study which showed that during project appraisal obvious environmental benefits have not been measured.
Project Appraisal And Valuation Of The Environment
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Author : P. Abelson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1996-06-12
Project Appraisal And Valuation Of The Environment written by P. Abelson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-12 with Business & Economics categories.
'The book is a pioneering attempt to see exactly what difference economic valuation of environmental effects would have made to six actual, on-going, development projects, if it had been done at the time of appraisal. It combines theoretical rigour with applied economic skills, presented with robust common sense.' - James Winpenny, Overseas Development Institute This book is a practical and readable guide to valuing the environment and the implications for public investment and policy, useful for students as well as professional economists, policy-makers, engineers, environmental and social planners. It describes how the environment can be valued and how these valuation concepts can be applied to investment decisions. The book provides first a general introduction to the key issues and concepts, considering the nature and magnitude of environmental problems, the cost-benefit method of evaluation and detailed methods for valuing the environment. It then analyses in detail six case-studies, based on actual or proposed major investment projects by the UK Overseas Development Administration or the World Bank. These include water quality in China, the supply of electricity in Bangladesh, slum improvements in India, mass transit in Nigeria, forest conservation in Kenya and soil quality in Bolivia. Thus the book is expected to be of special interest to professionals and students in developing countries, although much of the material has general application in developed as well as in developing countries.
The Economics Of Project Appraisal And The Environment
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Author : John Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 1994
The Economics Of Project Appraisal And The Environment written by John Weiss and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Business & Economics categories.
A group of economists have prepared these papers to address issues relating to project appraisal and environment effects in developing countries. Adopting no single approach, the papers in this collection show the advantages of alternative approaches to environmental appraisal. This work illustrates the current state of knowledge on this subject and should be of interest to both academic and professional development economists.
Values For The Environment
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Author : J. T. Winpenny
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Values For The Environment written by J. T. Winpenny and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Cost effectiveness categories.
Time and resources are often limiting factors to the project analyst, so practicality forms an integral part of this guide to the economic evaluation of the impact of projects on the environment. It makes use of case material, using cost-benefit analysis as the decision framework.
Sustainable Development In A Developing World
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Author : Colin H. Kirkpatrick
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 1997
Sustainable Development In A Developing World written by Colin H. Kirkpatrick and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
Evaluates the three main forms of appraising sustainable development projects--environmental impact assessment, social impact assessment, and economic appraisal--then concludes that the three must be further integrated and explains some methods for doing so. Among the topics are an OECD perspective on the environmental assessment of trade liberalization, a methodology for investigating the impact of policy decisions on the natural resource environment in developing countries, community impact evaluation in the development process, river sand harvesting in Kenya, and the public valuation of solid waste impacts in Bangkok. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Environmental Assessment In Developing And Transitional Countries
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Author : Norman Lee
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-06-10
Environmental Assessment In Developing And Transitional Countries written by Norman Lee and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Since the 1980s, and especially since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, there has been a substantial extension in the adoption and use of Environmental Assessment (EA) procedures in developing countries and countries in transition (low and middle income countries). However, few existing texts in environmental assessment or development studies have reflected this trend sufficiently, until this publication. Divided into two main parts: * EA Principles, Processes and Practice. * Country and Institutional Studies of EA Procedures and Practice. This book explains the essentials of environmental impact association in the context of developing countries and assesses its importance to both developed and developing countries.
Social Assessments For Better Development
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Author : Michael M. Cernea
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Social Assessments For Better Development written by Michael M. Cernea and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This annual report lists and describes the World Bank Group's portfolio of projects designed to improve or protect the environment, all of which were under implementation during fiscal year 1996 (July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996). The first part of the report discusses significant environmental issues for each sector and region and describes the environmental activities of various parts of the World Bank Group. Boxes, tables, and figures supplement the narrative. A useful bibliography of World Bank publications on environmental topics closes the section. The second part consists of reports on environmentally targeted projects; World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) projects that required a full environmental assessment because of their potential impacts; investment operations supporting projects launched by the Global Environment Facility; and projects designed to help developing countries comply with the Montreal Protocol--a multilateral treaty that controls the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substance.
The Impact Of Environmental Assessment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997-01-01
The Impact Of Environmental Assessment written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
China is in the throes of two transitions: from a command economy to a market-based one and from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one. So far, both transitions have been spectacularly successful. China is the fastest-growing economy in the world, with per capita incomes more than quadrupling since 1978, achieving in two generations what took other countries centuries. Although swift growth and structural change have resolved many problems, they also have created new challenges: employment insecurity, growing inequality, stubborn poverty, mounting environmental pressures, rising costs of food self-sufficiency, and periods of macroeconomic instability stemming from incomplete reforms. Unmet, these challenges could undermine the sustainability of growth, and China's promise could fade. China 2020, a seven-volume set, examines China's recent history, where it is today, and the path it should follow during the first two decades of the 21st century. The volume in the set entitled, Old Age Security: Pension Reform in China highlights two severe difficulties with China's current pension system: the urgent and immediate problem of the pension burden placed on state-owned enterprises, and the longer-term predicament arising from a rapidly aging population. State enterprises inherited heavy pension obligations from the central planning era. With the transition to a market economy, employment in the state enterprise sector is declining, while the number of pensioners is rising rapidly. The study recommends a unified pension system that includes both mandatory funded individual accounts and a social insurance scheme. It also endorses a sustainable contribution rate that attaches considerable importance to long-term financial viability (more than 60 years) and examines the risks associated with low compliance rates and low interest rates.
Economic Valuation And The Natural World
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Author : David William Pearce
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1992
Economic Valuation And The Natural World written by David William Pearce and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Analisis costo-beneficio categories.
Economic valuation can help improve decisions about protecting the environment . By inputing values to unpriced goods, it can make public choices more cost-efficient and thus allow limited public income to be optimally spent.
Economic Analysis Of Investment Operations
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Author : Pedro Belli
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Economic Analysis Of Investment Operations written by Pedro Belli and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This books presents general principles and methodologies of quantitative risk analysis; provides theory and practice of how to evaluate health, transport and education projects and describes how to assess the environmental impact of projects. It looks at how the tools of cost benefit analysis can be applied from the point of view of the private sector, public sector, bankers, and the country as a whole. It encourages analysts to answer a number of key questions that are likely to increase success rather than simply describing techniques. This book as aimed at all concerned with resource allocation and is presented in an accessible fashion. It is required reading at World bank Institute courses.