Epidemiology Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus In Australia
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Epidemiology Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus In Australia
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Author : Alexander Padiglione
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Epidemiology Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus In Australia written by Alexander Padiglione and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Drug resistance in microorganisms categories.
Emergence Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In Australia
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Author : Australia. National Health and Medical Research Council. Working Party on Antibiotics
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Emergence Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In Australia written by Australia. National Health and Medical Research Council. Working Party on Antibiotics and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Improving Interventions To Prevent The Acquisition Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In Hospitals
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Author : Surendra Karki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Improving Interventions To Prevent The Acquisition Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In Hospitals written by Surendra Karki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The emergence and spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals has adversely impacted patient management, quality of care, and outcomes of treatment. A widely recommended strategy for minimizing the risk of transmission of VRE is contact precautions (CPs). CPs mainly involve isolation of patients in a single room, and wearing gowns and gloves before entering the room. In Australia, many hospitals use CPs for patients colonised/infected with VRE on current and each subsequent hospital admission on the basis of a "once VRE, always VRE" policy. The recommendations for CPs are based on observational studies conducted primarily during outbreaks, inductive reasoning based on theory, and expert opinion. Thus, the implementation of CPs is highly debated as its value in the endemic setting is unclear, and increasing incidents of adverse patient outcomes are being reported in association with CPs.In the context of evolving epidemiology of VRE from outbreaks to endemicity, and mounting evidence on the adverse impacts of CPs, it is imperative to better understand the predictors of the current problem, reassess the prevention strategies, test the effectiveness of safer alternatives, and guide policy according to the emerging research evidence. Overall, this thesis aims to generate further evidence to improve interventions for prevention of the spread of VRE in hospitals once VRE acquisition is endemic. In order to accomplish the aim, three major research domains were identified.The first research domain included studies to better understand the natural history and risk factors of VRE colonisation. A cross-sectional study among inpatients in a hospital where VRE is endemic showed that exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the risk of VRE colonisation, whereas proximity to colonised patients was not associated with increased risks. Similarly, in a retrospective cohort study, we found that majority of outpatients clear detectable levels of VRE over the medium term, and no patient had persisting detectable levels of VRE for more than 4 years. The predictors of long-term carriage of VRE were again found to be exposure to antibiotics, and recent inpatient stay in hospital.9The second research domain included studies to quantify the adverse impact of CPs on access to care and patient safety outcomes in inpatients. In these retrospective studies, we observed that patients under CPs require longer time to access computed tomography scan services, and that they are at higher risk of medication administration errors and non-pressure injuries.Finally, the third research domain included studies to explore the impact of universal daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on incidence of colonisation/infection with VRE and other important hospital-acquired infections. A before-and-after study with the intervention of universal daily bathing with 2% CHG showed that the risk of VRE colonisation during the intervention period was halved compared to the standard care time period, although the result was not statistically significant. However, in the context of other published studies, a systematic review clearly showed that daily bathing with 2% CHG can significantly lower the risk of colonisation by VRE, as well as methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus. In addition, it significantly reduces the incidence of central line associated blood-stream infections and surgical site infections.In conclusion, the studies in this thesis suggest that broad-spectrum antibiotics are factor associated with VRE colonisation, and that long-term VRE colonisation is uncommon in the absence of recent exposure to antibiotics and hospital admission. CPs are associated with delayed access to care and increases in the risk of preventable adverse outcomes. Universal interventions, such as daily bathing of all patients with CHG is effective in reducing the incidence of VRE colonisation as well as other important hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Thus, implementation of CPs should not be regarded as life-long once colonised with VRE, rather a risk-based assessment should determine the requirement for CPs in each individual patient"s future hospital admissions. In addition, antibiotic stewardship should be a priority intervention in endemic VRE settings. Finally, horizontal interventions such as daily bathing with CHG should be favoured to control the wider problem of hospital-acquired infections including VRE in endemic situations.
Emergence Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In Australia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Emergence Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In Australia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Bacteria categories.
The Epidemiology Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In South Manchester
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Author : Paul R. Chadwick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Epidemiology Of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci In South Manchester written by Paul R. Chadwick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci
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Author : Marinus Antonie Schouten
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci written by Marinus Antonie Schouten and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Reemergence Of Established Pathogens In The 21st Century
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Author : I.W. Fong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11
Reemergence Of Established Pathogens In The 21st Century written by I.W. Fong and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Medical categories.
In the closing decade of the last century, we saw warnings that infectious diseases will require much more attention from patients and physicians in the 21 st century. Recently d- covered diseases such as AIDS pose a major threat to the population at large, and to that threat has been added the re-emergence of established pathogens, microbes that were re- ily treatable in the past. Since infectious diseases already play a major role in the burden of illness and mortality, health care providers and planners are worried. A large proportion of the problem is man-made, arising mainly from the unnecessary overuse of antimicrobials in hospital and community settings and from the agricultural misuse of the agents in animal feed. A consequence has been a dramatic increase in resi- ant strains of bacteria that were considered conquerable several decades ago. Community infections caused by multi-resistant pneumococci serve as an example. These organisms were readily treated with penicillin, but now the spread of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from continent to continent is becoming a worldwide problem. This is a major concern because pneumococcal infections are common in the community, being the le- ing cause of pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. Resistant bacteria in hospitals are also becoming more prevalent. We have become accustomed to hearing about methicill- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), but now we have to be concerned about multidrug-resistant coliform bacteria and pseudomonads.
Microbiology Australia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001-09
Microbiology Australia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-09 with categories.
Caring For People Who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances
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Author : National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Caring For People Who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances written by National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Aboriginal Australians categories.
These guidelines provide recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control. The recommendations were developed using the best available evidence and consensus methods by the Infection Control Steering Committee. They have been prioritised as key areas to prevent and control infection in a healthcare facility. It is recognised that the level of risk may differ according to the different types of facility and therefore some recommendations should be justified by risk assessment. When implementing these recommendations all healthcare facilities need to consider the risk of transmission of infection and implement according to their specific setting and circumstances.
Antimicrobial Therapy In Veterinary Medicine
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Author : Steeve Giguère
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-07-25
Antimicrobial Therapy In Veterinary Medicine written by Steeve Giguère and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-25 with Medical categories.
The Fifth Edition of Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, the most comprehensive reference available on veterinary antimicrobial drug use, has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the rapid advancements in the field of antimicrobial therapy. Encompassing all aspects of antimicrobial drug use in animals, the book provides detailed coverage of virtually all types of antimicrobials relevant to animal health. Now with a new chapter on antimicrobial therapy in zoo animals, Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine offers a wealth of invaluable information for appropriately prescribing antimicrobial therapies and shaping public policy. Divided into four sections covering general principles of antimicrobial therapy, classes of antimicrobial agents, special considerations, and antimicrobial drug use in multiple animal species, the text is enhanced by tables, diagrams, and photos. Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine is an essential resource for anyone concerned with the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, including veterinary practitioners, students, public health veterinarians, and industry and research scientists.