Epistemology Of Ordinary Knowledge
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Epistemology Of Ordinary Knowledge
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Author : Paolo Piccari
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-25
Epistemology Of Ordinary Knowledge written by Paolo Piccari and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-25 with Philosophy categories.
Many philosophers reduce ordinary knowledge to sensory or, more generally, to perceptual knowledge, which refers to entities belonging to the phenomenic world. However, ordinary knowledge is not only the result of sensory-perceptual processes, but also of non-perceptual (noetic) contents that are present in any mind. From an epistemological point of view, ordinary knowledge is a form of knowledge that not only allows epistemic access to the world, but also enables the formulation of models of it with different degrees of reliability. Usually epistemologists focus their attention on scientific knowledge, believing that ordinary knowledge does not, or cannot, have an epistemology for it is not in any way rigorous. The papers collected in this volume analyse different aspects of ordinary knowledge and of its epistemology.
Glossary Epistemology
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Author : James Fetzer
language : en
Publisher: Paragon House Publishers
Release Date : 1993
Glossary Epistemology written by James Fetzer and has been published by Paragon House Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Philosophy categories.
Epistemology is the study of ordinary knowledge in every day life. Philosophy of Science examines the nature of knowledge as it is discovered through scientific inquiry. Here is an accessible, down-to-earth reference for students, scholars, and general readers who want to understand both disciplines. Entries define key concepts and foreign terms, introduce major thinkers, and elucidate fine distinctions. Contents: preface; glossary; references; bibliography; about the authors.
On Folk Epistemology
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Author : Mikkel Gerken
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-09-22
On Folk Epistemology written by Mikkel Gerken and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Philosophy categories.
On Folk Epistemology explores how we ascribe knowledge to ourselves and others. Empirical evidence suggests that we do so early and often in thought as well as in talk. Since knowledge ascriptions are central to how we navigate social life, it is important to understand our basis for making them. A central claim of the book is that factors that have nothing to do with knowledge may lead to systematic mistakes in everyday ascriptions of knowledge. These mistakes are explained by an empirically informed account of how ordinary knowledge ascriptions are the product of cognitive heuristics that are associated with biases. In developing this account, Mikkel Gerken presents work in cognitive psychology and pragmatics, while also contributing to epistemology. For example, Gerken develops positive epistemic norms of action and assertion and moreover, critically assesses contextualism, knowledge-first methodology, pragmatic encroachment theories and more. Many of these approaches are argued to overestimate the epistemological significance of folk epistemology. In contrast, this volume develops an equilibristic methodology according to which intuitive judgments about knowledge cannot straightforwardly play a role as data for epistemological theorizing. Rather, critical epistemological theorizing is required to interpret empirical findings. Consequently, On Folk Epistemology helps to lay the foundation for an emerging sub-field that intersects philosophy and the cognitive sciences: The empirical study of folk epistemology.
Epistemology For The Rest Of The World
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Author : Stephen Stich
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-06
Epistemology For The Rest Of The World written by Stephen Stich and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-06 with Philosophy categories.
Since the heyday of ordinary language philosophy, Anglophone epistemologists have devoted a great deal of attention to the English word 'know' and to English sentences used to attribute knowledge. Even today, many epistemologists, including contextualists and subject-sensitive invariantists are concerned with the truth conditions of "S knows that p," or the proposition it expresses. In all of this literature, the method of cases is used, where a situation is described in English, and then philosophers judge whether it is true that S knows that p, or whether saying "S knows that p" is false, deviant, etc. in that situation. However, English is just one of over 6000 languages spoken around the world, and is the native language of less than 6% of the world's population. When Western epistemology first emerged, in ancient Greece, English did not even exist. So why should we think that facts about the English word "know," the concept it expresses, or subtle semantic properties of "S knows that p" have important implications for epistemology? Are the properties of the English word "know" and the English sentence 'S knows that p' shared by their translations in most or all languages? If that turned out to be true, it would be a remarkable fact that cries out for an explanation. But if it turned out to be false, what are the implications for epistemology? Should epistemologists study knowledge attributions in languages other than English with the same diligence they have shown for the study of English knowledge attributions? If not, why not? In what ways do the concepts expressed by 'know' and its counterparts in different languages differ? And what should epistemologists make of all this? The papers collected here discuss these questions and related issues, and aim to contribute to this important topic and epistemology in general.
How Do You Know
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Author : Russell Hardin
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2014-04-24
How Do You Know written by Russell Hardin and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-24 with Philosophy categories.
How do ordinary people come to know or believe what they do? We need an account of this process to help explain why people act as they do. You might think I am acting irrationally--against my interest or my purpose--until you realize that what you know and what I know differ significantly. My actions, given my knowledge, might make eminently good sense. Of course, this pushes our problem back one stage to assess why someone knows or believes what they do. That is the focus of this book. Russell Hardin supposes that people are not usually going to act knowingly against their interests or other purposes. To try to understand how they have come to their knowledge or beliefs is therefore to be charitable in assessing their rationality. Hardin insists on such a charitable stance in the effort to understand others and their sometimes objectively perverse actions. Hardin presents an essentially economic account of what an individual can come to know and then applies this account to many areas of ordinary life: political participation, religious beliefs, popular knowledge of science, liberalism, culture, extremism, moral beliefs, and institutional knowledge. All of these can be enlightened by the supposition that people are attempting reasonable actions under the severe constraints of acquiring better knowledge when they face demands that far outstretch their possibilities.
I Know
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Author : Wolfgang Freitag
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
I Know written by Wolfgang Freitag and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Scepticism, the view that knowledge is impossible, threatens our conception of ourselves as epistemic subjects as much as it endangers our conception of the external world. The book develops a modal account of knowledge and provides an answer to scepticism based on a detailed examination of the main sceptical argument. It discusses prominent contemporary theories of knowledge, in particular safety and sensitivity theories, and shows that they cannot handle Gettier-type examples of a new kind. An alternative analysis of knowledge in terms of relevantly normal possibilities is developed. The sce.
Treatise On Basic Philosophy Volume 6
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Author : M. Bunge
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Treatise On Basic Philosophy Volume 6 written by M. Bunge and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Science categories.
The Concept Of Knowledge
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Author : Panayot Butchvarov
language : en
Publisher: Panayot Butchvarov
Release Date : 1970
The Concept Of Knowledge written by Panayot Butchvarov and has been published by Panayot Butchvarov this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Philosophy categories.
Skepticism And The Definition Of Knowledge
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Author : Gilbert Harman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-06-05
Skepticism And The Definition Of Knowledge written by Gilbert Harman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-05 with Philosophy categories.
Originally published in 1990. This study argues that scepticism is an intelligible view and that the issue scepticism raises is whether or not certain sceptical hypotheses are as plausible as the ordinary views we accept. It discusses psychological concepts, definitions of knowledge, belief and hypothetic inference (inference to the best explanation). Starting from ‘Is skepticism a problem for epistemology’, the book takes us through the argument for the possibility of scepticism, including looking at sense data and considering memory and perception.
The Epistemology Of A Priori Knowledge
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Author : the late Tamara Horowitz
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-12-08
The Epistemology Of A Priori Knowledge written by the late Tamara Horowitz and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-08 with Philosophy categories.
This volume collects four published articles by the late Tamara Horowitz and two unpublished papers on decision theory: "Making Rational Decisions When Preferences Cycle" and the monograph-length "The Backtracking Fallacy." An introduction is provided by editor Joseph Camp. Horowitz preferred to recognize the diversity of rationality, both practical and theoretical rationality. She resisted the temptation to accept simple theories of rationality that are quick to characterize ordinary reasoning as fallacious. This broadly humanist approach to philosophy is exemplified by the articles in this collection. As just one example, in "The Backtracking Fallacy," she argues that there are policies for decision-making a person may adopt if the person prefers to do so, but need not adopt. A person who employs such a policy no longer can regard standard expected utility theory as exceptionless, thereby sacrificing theoretical simplicity. But it is a mistake, Horowitz argues, to preserve theoretical simplicity by falsifying the decision making methods real people really use.