Equilibrium And Evolution
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The Dynamics Of Evolution
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Author : Albert Somit
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
The Dynamics Of Evolution written by Albert Somit and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
Punctuated Equilibrium
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Author : Stephen Jay GOULD
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
Punctuated Equilibrium written by Stephen Jay GOULD and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Science categories.
In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould took the scientific world by storm with his paper on punctuated equilibrium. Challenging a core assumption of Darwin's theory of evolution, it launched the controversial idea that the majority of species originates in geological moments (punctuations) and persists in stasis. Now, thirty-five years later, Punctuated Equilibrium offers his only book-length testament on a theory he fiercely promoted, repeatedly refined, and tirelessly defended.
Equilibrium And Evolution
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Author : Brian J. Loasby
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 1991
Equilibrium And Evolution written by Brian J. Loasby and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Economics categories.
This work, based upon the two Manchester Special Lectures given by the author in 1989-90, and focusing on the central economic issues of co-ordination and change, treats these as problems of equilibrium in the case of co-ordination and as problems of evolution in the case of change.
Game Equilibrium Models I
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Author : Reinhard Selten
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Game Equilibrium Models I written by Reinhard Selten and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Mathematics categories.
There are two main approaches towards the phenotypic analysis of frequency dependent natural selection. First, there is the approach of evolutionary game theory, which was introduced in 1973 by John Maynard Smith and George R. Price. In this theory, the dynamical process of natural selection is not modeled explicitly. Instead, the selective forces acting within a population are represented by a fitness function, which is then analysed according to the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy or ESS. Later on, the static approach of evolutionary game theory has been complemented by a dynamic stability analysis of the replicator equations. Introduced by Peter D. Taylor and Leo B. Jonker in 1978, these equations specify a class of dynamical systems, which provide a simple dynamic description of a selection process. Usually, the investigation of the replicator dynamics centers around a stability analysis of their stationary solutions. Although evolutionary stability and dynamic stability both intend to characterize the long-term outcome of frequency dependent selection, these concepts differ considerably in the 'philosophies' on which they are based. It is therefore not too surprising that they often lead to quite different evolutionary predictions (see, e. g. , Weissing 1983). The present paper intends to illustrate the incongruities between the two approaches towards a phenotypic theory of natural selection. A detailed game theoretical and dynamical analysis is given for a generic class of evolutionary normal form games.
Equilibrium And Evolution
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Author : N. Hart
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-12-12
Equilibrium And Evolution written by N. Hart and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Alfred Marshall has traditionally been listed alongside pioneering 'neoclassical' economists. In this volume Neil Hart challenges this view, illuminating the ambiguities within Marshall's work, and exploring his reconciliation of two modes of thinking, equilibrium economics and evolutionary economics.
Evolutionary Games And Equilibrium Selection
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Author : Larry Samuelson
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1997
Evolutionary Games And Equilibrium Selection written by Larry Samuelson and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The author examines the interplay between evolutionary game theory and the equilibrium selection problem in noncooperative games. Evolutionary game theory is one of the most active and rapidly growing areas of research in economics. Unlike traditional game theory models, which assume that all players are fully rational and have complete knowledge of details of the game, evolutionary models assume that people choose their strategies through a trial-and-error learning process in which they gradually discover that some strategies work better than others. In games that are repeated many times, low-payoff strategies tend to be weeded out, and an equilibrium may emerge. Larry Samuelson has been one of the main contributors to the evolutionary game theory literature. In Evolutionary Games and Equilibrium Selection, he examines the interplay between evolutionary game theory and the equilibrium selection problem in noncooperative games. After providing an overview of the basic issues of game theory and a presentation of the basic models, the book addresses evolutionary stability, the dynamics of sample paths, the ultimatum game, drift, noise, backward and forward induction, and strict Nash equilibria.
Game Equilibrium Models I
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Author : Reinhard Selten
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-12-01
Game Equilibrium Models I written by Reinhard Selten and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-01 with Mathematics categories.
There are two main approaches towards the phenotypic analysis of frequency dependent natural selection. First, there is the approach of evolutionary game theory, which was introduced in 1973 by John Maynard Smith and George R. Price. In this theory, the dynamical process of natural selection is not modeled explicitly. Instead, the selective forces acting within a population are represented by a fitness function, which is then analysed according to the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy or ESS. Later on, the static approach of evolutionary game theory has been complemented by a dynamic stability analysis of the replicator equations. Introduced by Peter D. Taylor and Leo B. Jonker in 1978, these equations specify a class of dynamical systems, which provide a simple dynamic description of a selection process. Usually, the investigation of the replicator dynamics centers around a stability analysis of their stationary solutions. Although evolutionary stability and dynamic stability both intend to characterize the long-term outcome of frequency dependent selection, these concepts differ considerably in the 'philosophies' on which they are based. It is therefore not too surprising that they often lead to quite different evolutionary predictions (see, e. g. , Weissing 1983). The present paper intends to illustrate the incongruities between the two approaches towards a phenotypic theory of natural selection. A detailed game theoretical and dynamical analysis is given for a generic class of evolutionary normal form games.
Pillars Of Evolution
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Author : Douglas W. Morris
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2011-07-14
Pillars Of Evolution written by Douglas W. Morris and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-14 with Science categories.
Pillars of Evolution provides a fresh and provocative perspective on adaptive evolution. Readers new to the study of evolution will find a refreshing new insight that establishes evolutionary biology as a rigorous and predictive science, whilst practicing biologists will discover a provocative book that challenges traditional approaches. The book begins by leading readers through the mechanics of heredity, reproduction, movement, survival, and development. With that framework in place, it then explores the numerous ways that traits emerge from the interactions between genetics, development, and the environment. The key message is that adaptive changes in traits (and their underlying allelic frequencies) evolve through the traits' functions and their connection with fitness. The complex mappings from genes-to-traits-to-fitness are characterized in the structure of evolution. A single "structure matrix" describes why individuals vary in the values of adaptive traits, their ability to perform the function of those traits, and in the fitness they accrue. Fitness depends on how organisms interact with and perceive their environment in time and space. These relationships are made explicit in spatial, temporal, and organizational scale that also sets the stage for the crucially important role that ecology always plays in evolution. The ecological hallmarks of density- and frequency-dependent interactions allow the authors to explore new and exciting insights into evolution's dynamics. The theories and principles are then brought together in a final synthesis on adaptation. The book's unique approach unites genetic, development, and environmental influences into a single comprehensive treatment of the eco-evolutionary process.
Evolution
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Author : Ervin Laszlo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Evolution written by Ervin Laszlo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.
Part one of this work outlines the general theory of the fundamental dynamics that shape the world around us. Part two goes on to review the evolution of matter in the universe, the evolution of life in the biosphere and the evolution of society in the human world.
Evolutionary Dynamics
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Author : Martin A. Nowak
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2006-09-29
Evolutionary Dynamics written by Martin A. Nowak and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-29 with Science categories.
At a time of unprecedented expansion in the life sciences, evolution is the one theory that transcends all of biology. Any observation of a living system must ultimately be interpreted in the context of its evolution. Evolutionary change is the consequence of mutation and natural selection, which are two concepts that can be described by mathematical equations. Evolutionary Dynamics is concerned with these equations of life. In this book, Martin A. Nowak draws on the languages of biology and mathematics to outline the mathematical principles according to which life evolves. His work introduces readers to the powerful yet simple laws that govern the evolution of living systems, no matter how complicated they might seem. Evolution has become a mathematical theory, Nowak suggests, and any idea of an evolutionary process or mechanism should be studied in the context of the mathematical equations of evolutionary dynamics. His book presents a range of analytical tools that can be used to this end: fitness landscapes, mutation matrices, genomic sequence space, random drift, quasispecies, replicators, the Prisoner’s Dilemma, games in finite and infinite populations, evolutionary graph theory, games on grids, evolutionary kaleidoscopes, fractals, and spatial chaos. Nowak then shows how evolutionary dynamics applies to critical real-world problems, including the progression of viral diseases such as AIDS, the virulence of infectious agents, the unpredictable mutations that lead to cancer, the evolution of altruism, and even the evolution of human language. His book makes a clear and compelling case for understanding every living system—and everything that arises as a consequence of living systems—in terms of evolutionary dynamics.