Essays In Labor Economics And Public Policy
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Essays In Labor Economics And Public Policy
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Author : Gabriela Liliana Galassi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays In Labor Economics And Public Policy written by Gabriela Liliana Galassi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Labor economics categories.
This thesis contains three chapters around two related questions: (1) what are the determinants of the decision to work?, and (2) what are the (unintended) effects of policies stimulating labor market participation? The first two chapters tackle the second question in the empirical setting of the Mini-Job reform in Germany, which expanded substantially the in-work benefits, or tax advantages for low-earning workers. The third chapter, dealing with the first question, focuses on the transmission of employment behavior and preferences for work across generations. The first chapter analyzes how firms respond to changes in tax benefits for low-earning workers and how, through equilibrium effects, such policies also affect non-targeted, highearning workers. Combining theoretical and empirical analysis, I document the presence of both job creation and substitution underlying firm responses induced by the Mini-Job Reform. In particular, I nd that firms with a high pre-reform use of low-earning workers increase the demand for workers with better earnings, an important result. The second essay provides an empirical analysis of the effects of the same reform on earnings and employment prospects of targeted workers. The findings question the role of in-work benefits as an antipoverty policy since they do not improve earnings of targeted workers. However, they also show that these benefits provide opportunities for jobless individuals to smoothly transit to better paid employment. Finally, in the third chapter, joint with Lukas Mayr and David Koll, we analyze how employment status and attitudes towards work are related across generations. Using data for the US, we find a significant positive correlation between the employment status of mothers and children, after controlling for productivity and other observable factors. We interpret this finding as evidence of transmission of preferences for work. We show that the correlation is unlikely to be driven by networks, transmission of specific human capital or local labor markets' conditions, and we provide suggestive evidence for a role model channel.
Essays On Labor Economics And Public Policy
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Author : Michael R. Strain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Essays On Labor Economics And Public Policy written by Michael R. Strain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The main component of this thesis, found in the first chapter, is an investigation of earnings instability, which can be thought of as the fluctuations around permanent earnings over time of a worker's labor market earnings. This chapter reflects my interests in labor economics and in economic analysis using longitudinal, linked worker-firm data. The instability of labor earnings in the United States contributes to earnings inequality and may diminish household welfare. Despite the importance of earnings instability little is known about its correlates or causes. This study seeks to better understand whom earnings instability affects and why it affects them. Using both parametric and semi-parametric techniques, I provide an in-depth investigation into the relationship between earnings instability and worker skill. I find that earnings instability follows a U-shape over skill, with low-skill workers experiencing the least stable earnings, middle-skill workers experiencing the most stable, and high-skill workers falling in between the two. This finding is robust to a number of controls, sample selections, and other statistical concerns, and is not driven by workers entering and leaving employment, changing jobs, or holding multiple jobs. I then investigate whether firm characteristics affect the stability of worker earnings. I am the first to directly test the relationship between earnings instability and firm employment instability using linked employer-employee data. I find a positive and statistically significant relationship between the two that remains when the effect is estimated using only within-firm variation. This suggests that the effect is a feature of the way workers are being paid by their employer. The size of the effect varies by a worker's position in the earnings distribution: low-earning worker are passed a greater share of firm employment instability than higher-earning workers. This finding helps to explain the left tail of the U-shape of earnings instability over skill. I find significant heterogeneity in the magnitude and significance of the effect across industries and explore how the competitiveness of an industry relates to the size of the industryspecific effect. My interest in the economics of education is reflected in the second essay of this thesis, which studies a public policy innovation using administrative records. The effects of single-sex education are hotly contested, both in academic and policy circles. Despite this heated debate, there exists little credible empirical evidence of the effect of a U.S. public school's decision to offer single-sex classrooms on the educational outcomes of students. This study seeks to fill this hole. Using administrative records for third through eighth graders in North Carolina public schools, the chapter finds evidence that the offering of single-sex mathematics courses is associated with lower performance on end-of-grade math exams, and finds no evidence that the offering of single-sex reading scores increases performance on reading exams. Evidence of significant heterogeneity in the effect across schools is also presented. Finally, my interest in public policy is further reflected in the third chapter of this thesis, coauthored with Donald Morgan and Ihab Seblani. Despite a dozen studies, the welfare effects of payday credit are still debatable. We contribute new evidence to the debate by studying how payday credit access affects bank overdrafts (such as returned checks), bankruptcy, and household complaints against lenders and debt collectors. We find some evidence that Chapter 13 bankruptcy rates decrease after payday credit bans, but where we find that, we also find that complaints against lenders and debt collectors increase. The welfare implications of these offsetting movements are unclear. Our most robust finding is that returned check numbers and overdraft fee income at banks increase after payday credit bans. Bouncing a check may cost more than a payday loan, so this finding suggests that payday credit access helps households avoid costlier alternatives. While our findings obviously do not settle the welfare debate over payday lending, we hope they resolve it to some extent by illuminating how households rearrange their financial affairs when payday loan supply changes. In summary, this thesis nicely reflects my interests in labor economics, public policy, economic analysis using linked and administrative data, and education economics, and the econometric and research skills I have acquired during my five years as a graduate student in economics at Cornell.
Three Essays On Labor Economics And Public Policy
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Author : Paul A. Torelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Three Essays On Labor Economics And Public Policy written by Paul A. Torelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with African Americans categories.
Essays In Labor Economics And Public Policy
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Author : Samuel M. Lundstrom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays In Labor Economics And Public Policy written by Samuel M. Lundstrom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In this dissertation I provide new evidence regarding the relationship between the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child Achievement, and I present evidence relating to the optimal usage of minimum wage policy. In chapter one, I estimate the contemporaneous impact of the EITC on the achievement of children of single mothers. I find little evidence of a relationship. In chapter two I review a paper that was recently published in The American Economic Review which finds a very strong positive relationship between the EITC and child achievement. I present evidence suggesting that this evidence is flawed. From the evidence presented in chapters one and two I conclude that, while it is certainly possible that the EITC affects child achievement, we are still looking for good evidence of an effect. In chapter three I analyze changes in the target efficiency of the federal minimum wage over the past 25 years. Using static simulation methods, I find that minimum wage target efficiency is currently close to its 25-year peak. Furthermore, I find a very strong positive relationship between minimum wage target efficiency and the real federal minimum wage. The implication is that, from an efficiency standpoint, a good time to raise the minimum wage is when it is already high. This discovery raises the possibility that the minimum wage increases the employment of low-skilled poor individuals relative to the employment of low-skilled non-poor individuals.
Human Resource Economics And Public Policy
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Author : Charles J. Whalen
language : en
Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute
Release Date : 2010
Human Resource Economics And Public Policy written by Charles J. Whalen and has been published by W.E. Upjohn Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
This book honors Vernon Briggs's professional contributions. This book contains important discussions on issues of human resource economics, which is now often described as workforce development. This book offers much research information and policy analysis that can be used to develop what is needed for an active set of national human resource policies.
Three Essays On Public Policy And Labor Economics
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Author : Max Matthew Schanzenbach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Three Essays On Public Policy And Labor Economics written by Max Matthew Schanzenbach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Essays In Economic Theory Growth And Labour Markets
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Author : George Bitros
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2002-01-01
Essays In Economic Theory Growth And Labour Markets written by George Bitros and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The distinguished contributors in this volume provide a variety of essays, which are written in honor of Emmanuel Drandakis. These essays fall into four uniform areas of economics: economic growth, general equilibrium, labor economics and game theory and applications. The editors focus on a select set of issues that stand high on the agenda of academic research. They provide fresh insights and approaches to the analysis of these issues, and thus open up wider avenues for our understanding of the dilemmas posed for theory and policy. Readers are offered new empirical evidence on such thorny social problems as, for example, unemployment, the intergenerational transmission of human capital and the response of wages to price and endowment changes.
Labor Markets Migration And Mobility
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Author : William Cochrane
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-02
Labor Markets Migration And Mobility written by William Cochrane and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.
Labor Markets And Wage Determination
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Author : Clark Kerr
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1977-01-01
Labor Markets And Wage Determination written by Clark Kerr and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
USA. Compilation of essays on labour market analysis and wage determination after 1946 - discusses the disaggregation of the labour market, effects of trade unionism on wage determination and income distribution, the impact of wage policy restraints on labour relations, etc. References and statistical tables.
Labor Markets In Action
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Author : Richard Barry Freeman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Labor Markets In Action written by Richard Barry Freeman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business & Economics categories.