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Essays On Applied Microeconomics

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Essays On Applied Microeconomics

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Author : Masahiro Watabe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Essays On Applied Microeconomics written by Masahiro Watabe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electronic dissertations categories.

This dissertation consists of three essays on applied microeconomics. The first two essays apply implementation theory to market design. The third essay develops a method for industrial organization from contract theory. In the first essay, I examine two types of mechanisms, demand revelation mechanisms and preference revelation mechanisms, in general matching problems with contracts, as in Hatfield and Milgrom (2005). I show that the core correspondence is not Nash-implementable by any demand/preference revelation mechanism. A strong version of Maskin monotonicity plays a crucial role for this impossibility result. Second, I show that Nash equilibrium outcomes of the preference revelation game induced by any Pareto efficient matching procedure coincide with the set of individually rational allocations. This is a generalization of Alcalde (1996)'s result for one-to-one matching problems without contracts. In addition, I show that there exists a stable Nash equilibrium outcome with respect to the true preferences. In the second essay of this dissertation, joint with Taro Kumano, we restrict attention to the deferred acceptance algorithm in school choice. We show that under substitutable and quota-filling choice functions, the deferred acceptance algorithm is dominant strategy implementable by the associated direct mechanism. We argue the pseudo-acyclicity of the revealed priority structure to characterize the set of preference revelation game outcomes in dominant strategies and Nash equilibria. The final essay of this dissertation builds a theoretical model of firm competition via nonlinear pricing. To capture certain documented features of actual markets, the model permits firms to be asymmetric and allows for asymmetric information. I show that for a delegated common agency game in this framework, an equilibrium exists and any equilibrium outcome (specifying allocation rules and who sells to which markets) is implementable by two-part tariffs. In addition, I show that there exists a Nash equilibrium outcome in which the allocation rules exhibit pooling in an intermediate region of the type space, and quality distortions disappear at the top and the bottom of the set of consumer types served by each principal.

Essays In Applied Microeconomics

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Author : Jay Kody Walker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Essays In Applied Microeconomics written by Jay Kody Walker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

My dissertation consists of three essays, each of which implements different data specification schemes to econometrically analyze specific topics in the realm of applied microeconomics and microeconometrics. Three separate questions are asked, and economic data is employed to empirically test the validity of alternative answers. These essays are encapsulated in ranging economic fields, but unified in that microeconomic principles and data analysis methods are employed. The initial essay, which is co-authored with Andrew Hussey and Alex Nikolsko-Rzhevskyy, titled "HIV and Recent Trends in Abortion Rates" tests an empirical link between the introduction of HIV/AIDS into the overall population and its possible impact on unwanted pregnancies as realized in lower abortions rates is in the realm of public and health economics. The second essay titled "Greeks Just Want to Have Fun or Do They? Fraternal Membership and College Outcomes" asks whether or not a student's decision to join a Greek organization during their undergraduate college tenure has significant impacts on collegiate outcomes, which delves into the economics of education, peer effects, and public economics. The third essay titled "A Structural Model of the U.S. Orange Juice Market: Alternative Evaluation Methods for Dumping Charges" takes a particular instance where a domestic industry has claimed that foreign producers have dumped products into the United States domestic market and econometrically tests the validity of those claims. This paper's topic is in the realm of international trade, public choice, and public economics.

Essays In Applied Microeconomics

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Author : Moon Moon Haque
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Essays In Applied Microeconomics written by Moon Moon Haque and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

My dissertation comprises three essays in applied microeconomics. They mostly focused on the evaluation and recommendation of policy issues in the fields of health economics and labor economics, with a direct objective toward to alleviate inequality, and to promote efficient and effective economic policies. The first essay studies how the coverage of health insurance can contribute to obesity (BMI index). First, I extend the the theoretical model of Ehrlich and Becker (1972) to find the relationship between health insurance and obesity; and then supplement the theoretical findings with empirical evidence, using BRFSS data from 2001to 2011 among American young adults. IV regression approach and Lewbel IV (2007) techniques were used to estimate the relationship. The results show that a mere switch from from no health insurance to having insurance is associated with a decrease in BMI of 0.188 kg/m2; which means a weight loss of 1.33 pounds. The second essay explores the possible determinants of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE) and catastrophic expenditure (CE) in a developing Asian country setting, utilizing a nationally representative random sample of 12,240 households from Bangladesh. Using a Double Hurdle model (Cragg, 1971) approach, I analyze what are the major socioeconomic, demographic and regional factors that are possible determinants of OOPHE and CE. Contrary to common perception that the decesion of whether to spend on healthcare services and how much to spend depend primaily on an individual's health and illness, my analysis shows that illness is but one of the many many factors involved in demand for healthcare. Other influences, such as household characteristics, level of education, types of medical consultants, location, and wealth variable plays a significant role. In addition, expenditure on pharmaceutical drugs is the major component (57%-72%) of healthcare expenditure, and rural households are more likely to suffer CE. Lastly, the third essay studies the empirical evaluations of the effectiveness of reservation policies in Indian labor market. The effectiveness of such prejudicial treatment policies was measured by comparing the relative performance of wage differencials as well as returns to educational attainment accross social caste structure. The study shows that the effectiveness of such policies was positive across all socials groups, although its effect has not been uniform across social structure and in addition, the trend indicates a general decline in benefits of such policies enacted in favor of underprivileged social groups over the survey years. Given the findings, the issue of prejudicial treatment policies still have immense importance from a government policy perspective. .

Three Essays In Applied Microeconomics

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Author : Lori Lynn Parcel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Three Essays In Applied Microeconomics written by Lori Lynn Parcel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

Essays In Applied Microeconomics

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Author : Patrick Blanchenay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Essays In Applied Microeconomics written by Patrick Blanchenay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Essays In Applied Microeconomics

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Author : Mitchell H. Hoffman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Essays In Applied Microeconomics written by Mitchell H. Hoffman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

This dissertation consists of three essays. All are in personnel economics, using data from the trucking industry. Training by firms is a central means by which workers accumulate human capital, yet firms may be reluctant to train if workers can quit and use their gained skills elsewhere. "Training contracts" that impose a penalty for premature quitting can help alleviate this inefficiency. The first essay from this dissertation studies training contracts in the U.S. trucking industry where they are widely used, focusing on data from one leading firm. Exploiting two plausibly exogenous contract changes that introduced penalties for quitting, I confirm that training contracts significantly reduce quitting. To analyze the optimal design of training contracts and their welfare consequences, I develop and estimate a structural learning model with heterogeneous beliefs that accounts for many key features of the data. The estimation combines weekly productivity data with weekly subjective productivity forecasts for each worker and reveals a pattern of persistent overconfidence whereby many workers believe they will achieve higher productivity than they actually attain. If workers are overconfident about their productivity at the firm relative to their outside option, they will be less likely to quit and more likely to sign training contracts. Counterfactual analysis shows that workers' estimated overconfidence increases firm profits by over $7,000 per truck, but reduces worker welfare by 1.5%. Banning training contracts decreases profits by $4,600 per truck and decreases retention by 25%, but increases worker welfare by 4%. Despite the positive effect of training contracts on profits, training may not be profitable unless some workers are overconfident. A robust finding in experimental psychology and economics is that people tend to be overconfident about their ability. However, much less is known about whether overconfidence can be reduced or eliminated, particularly in field settings. The second essay of this dissertation provides new evidence using data from the workplace. A field experiment with a large trucking firm shows that workers tend to systematically overpredict their productivity and that their overconfidence is unaffected by whether workers receive financial incentives of different sizes for accurate guessing. Randomly informing workers about other workers' overconfidence reduces overconfidence in the short-run, but the effect fades within two weeks. Neither the incentives or information treatments have any effect on worker satisfaction or search behavior. Using long-term survey data from a second firm, I show that experience reduces overconfidence, but only quite slowly. Although workers at both firms exhibit aspects of Bayesian updating, overconfidence appears to be sticky and difficult to change. The third essay analyzes worker referrals. Many firms use referrals in their recruitment and hiring procedures. Are these practices profitable, and if so, why? A model is developed where referrals may improve selection and reduce moral hazard. The model is tested using extremely detailed personnel and survey data from a leading firm in the trucking industry. Referred workers are similar to non-referred workers across a large number of background characteristics and lab experimentally-measured dimensions of preferences. Referred workers are between 10-25% less likely to quit; the effects are strong across all groups of drivers, including new workers for whom the firm invests in expensive firm-sponsored general training. However, referred workers attain similar initial productivity and productivity growth as non-referred workers, and are no more likely to engage in various forms of moral hazard. The accumulation of friends after the starting work does not positively affect retention, productivity, or moral hazard. On net, the evidence is consistent with the idea that referrals benefit firms by selecting workers with a better fit for the job, as opposed to selecting workers with higher overall quality, by affecting worker behavior, or by changing job amenities.

Essays On Applied Microeconomics

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