Essays On Economic And Social Networks
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Essays On Economic And Social Networks
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Author : Adrien Vigier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Essays On Economic And Social Networks written by Adrien Vigier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Essays On The Economics Of Social Networks
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Author : Won Hee Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Essays On The Economics Of Social Networks written by Won Hee Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This dissertation consists of two projects, both concerned with how social networks form and how they affect economic decisions. In the first project, entitled Identifying Influential Agents in a Social Network, I define influence centrality, a new measure of influence which combines information on node and neighbor characteristics as well as information on the network structure, by building a model of friendship formation and peer effects and calculating the change in the equilibrium behavior of the network when one node changes its behavior. I apply the model to the context of smoking among middle and high school students and show that a targeted anti-smoking intervention in which a small number of influential smoking students are treated may be more efficient than a uniform program where every student in the school receives the same anti-smoking treatment. The second project, entitled Quantifying Spillovers in Network Formation Over Time, is a joint work with Sean Chu and Shankar Kalyanaraman at Facebook. The goal of the project is to separately identify and understand the relative importance of network effects and unobserved heterogeneity in a multi-period network formation model. Here, we define network effects to be the effect of the number of mutual friends on the probability of friendship and assume that unobserved heterogeneity is time-consistent. We estimate the model on a de-identified panel data set from a small group of users on Facebook and find that both network effects and unobserved heterogeneity are statistically and economically significant predictors of friendship formation on Facebook. We further re-estimate the model first, without network effects and next, without unobserved heterogeneity. Comparing the results from these specifications, we find that network effects play a more important role than unobserved heterogeneity in network formation models on Facebook.
Essays In The Economic Theory Of Social Networks
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Author : Wang Xiang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Essays In The Economic Theory Of Social Networks written by Wang Xiang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
In this dissertation, I provide three social network models addressing different aspects of the economy.First, I consider the issue of social network formation. Meeting with strangers and meeting with friends friends are two common patterns when observing the formation of social networks and thus are widely adopted in many statistical network formation settings. I establish a network formation model trying to find the individual level incentive behind the two patterns. Each agent enters the network sequentially choosingbetween forming global random links or connecting with friends' friends, knowing that his payoff depends on the distance between the player with valuable information and himself. I find that the distance between players in the resulting network asymptotically follows a Weibull distribution and the link formation decision depends on how easily information can be transmitted under the network. When the transmission is relatively easy and information can be received from far away, players prefer to meet with strangers. Otherwise they prefer to connect with friends friends. The second model considers a moral hazard scenario in which a monitor must detect deviations so as to provide proper incentives to attain an efficient outcome. What if the monitor himself were to deviate after being bribed by his monitored subject? I explore a multi-agent public-good provision game in which each player prefers shirking to working in the absence of exogenous enforcement and can bribe those assigned to monitor him. I find that when players agree to cooperate in choosing an optimally designed monitoringnetwork, a core-periphery monitoring network results, with a small group of heavily monitored players who monitor all others. Under this network, a perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) is supported in which shirking is prevented, bribing among players ceases and total monitoring costs are minimized. Further, the efficiency of this core-periphery structure is robust under various settings, including the dynamic spread of bribing, and under different punishments and monitoring schedules.Lastly, I consider a phenomenon of innovation adoption and diffusion. Innovations are crucial to the long run economic growth; however, not all new ideas are adopted by the majority of the society even though similar ones which appear later turn out to be commercial successes. I establish a model in which multiple potential entrants each can bring a new technology into a market with consumers connected under a social network.Technology has the character of network externality and entrants must rely on the word-of-mouth communication under the social network to promote their products. I find that high quality innovations are not guaranteed to perform better than low quality ones under the scenario and timing is a crucial determinant of their commercial performances. Low quality innovation firms are likely to enter the market whenever possible but high quality ones might strategically wait for a proper time to acquire a better market share.
Rethinking The Role Of Social Networks In Knowledge Diffusion
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Author : Nazmun Nahar Ratna
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Rethinking The Role Of Social Networks In Knowledge Diffusion written by Nazmun Nahar Ratna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Communication in economic development categories.
Essays On Information Technologies Social Networks And Individual Economic Outcomes
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Author : Guillaume B. Saint-Jacques
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays On Information Technologies Social Networks And Individual Economic Outcomes written by Guillaume B. Saint-Jacques and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
This four-part thesis focuses on the effect of Information Technologies and individual economic outcomes. The first two papers investigate the relationship between technology and individual pay. The last two focus on connectivity through social and communication networks and labor market outcomes. The first paper offers a simple model of how technology may be reshaping the distribution of individual income in the US between 1960 and 2008. First, is shows fractal patterns of the income distribution, which indicate the presence of an increasingly unequal power law distribution at the top. Then, using IRS individual tax data, it shows two main trends: first, more and more individuals seem to draw their income from a Pareto distribution rather than a Lognormal distribution (typical of the "industrial economy"). Second, the tail index of the Pareto distribution seems to be getting lower, indicating increasing inequality at the top. The second paper investigates the relationship between Information Technologies and CEO Pay. It shows, both at the industry and at the firm level, that IT intensity seems to increase CEO Pay. It shows support for three distinct mechanisms: first, IT makes firms bigger. Second, it increases their effective size (the size effectively affected by CEO decisions). Third, it increases mobility of CEOs, possibly because managing IT-intensive companies requires relatively more general skills. The third paper is the first to match, at the individual level, complete Call Detail Records data with individual income for over 100,000 individuals. This allows to describe the associations between individual income and patterns of individual's social networks. We find that wealthier individuals have higher degree, much higher network diversity, higher local centrality, and more social engagement, but lower density and reciprocity in their individual networks. The last paper attempts a causal study of the relationship between social tie strength and individual labor market outcomes (measured as job mobility) using LinkedIn's People-You- May-Know randomizations. It shows an inverted U-shape relationship between tie strength and job transmissions, as well as a globally negative relationship between clustering coefficient and labor market mobility, suggesting that even individually, strong ties are not always more useful than weak ties.
Essays On Social Networks In Development Economics
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Author : Arun Gautham Chandrasekhar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Essays On Social Networks In Development Economics written by Arun Gautham Chandrasekhar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
(cont.) substitutes for commitment. On net, savings allows individuals to smooth risk that cannot be shared interpersonally, with the largest benefits for those who are weakly connected in the network. The final chapter (co-authored with my classmates Horacio Larreguy and Juan Pablo Xandri) attempts to determine which models of social learning on networks best describe empirical behavior. Theory has focused on two leading models of social learning on networks: Bayesian and DeGroot rules of thumb learning. These models can yield greatly divergent behavior; individuals employing rules of thumb often double-count information and may not exhibit convergent behavior in the long run. By conducting a unique lab experiment in rural Karnataka, India, set up to exactly differentiate between these two models, we test which model best describes social learning processes on networks. We study experiments in which seven individuals are placed into a network, each with full knowledge of its structure. The participants attempt to learn the underlying (binary) state of the world. Individuals receive independent, identically distributed signals about the state in the first period only; thereafter, individuals make guesses about the underlying state of the world and these guesses are transmitted to their neighbors at the beginning of the following round. We consider various environments including incomplete information Bayesian models and provide evidence that individuals are best described by DeGroot models wherein they either take simple majority of opinions in their neighborhood.
Three Essays On Social Networks And Economic History
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Author : Javier Mejía Cubillos
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays On Social Networks And Economic History written by Javier Mejía Cubillos and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
"This dissertation intends to open the discussion on 1- How did non-market interactions shape the economy in the long-term? 2- How did economic activity shape non-market interactions in the long-term? Three papers compose the dissertation. Paper 1: The Network Formation Origin of Tribal Societies. Paper 2: Social Interactions and Modern Economic Growth. Paper 3 (JMP): Social Networks and Entrepreneurship. Evidence from a Historical Episode of Industrialization." -- Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado.
Essays In Social Networks And Development Economics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays In Social Networks And Development Economics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This dissertation is a collection of three essays on social networks and development economics. The first chapter examines the effect of peer networks on self-control problems. I construct a theoretical model to describe the way in which peer networks influence consumption behaviors through social norms, which guide individuals to conform to their friends' behavior. Using comprehensive data from a monthly survey conducted in 16 villages in Thailand from 1999 through 2004, I empirically examine peer effects on temptation consumption patterns, and test the mechanism underlying this relationship. Detailed social network information in the dataset allows the identification of impacts using a friend of a friend (excluded network) as the instrument. The empirical results provide evidence that peer decisions significantly impact individuals' temptation consumption such as alcohol and gambling, as well as savings. These peer effects are driven primarily by social norms, rather than by risk sharing. In the second chapter, co-authored with professor Laura Schechter, we first conduct an extensive review of the disparate literature studying the stability of preferences measured in experiments. Then, we test the stability of individuals' choices in panel data from rural Paraguay, including both experimental and survey measures of risk, time, and social preferences collected over almost a decade. Answers to survey questions are quite stable, while experimental measures are less so. If choices made in experiments are not stable, it may be because these choices are influenced by shocks, or because they include high levels of noise. We find no evidence that real-world shocks influence play in games. We suggest that in a developing country context, researchers may want to design simpler experiments or make more use of survey questions to measure preferences. The third chapter explores the impact of weather shocks on farmers' income diversification strategies. I combine historical weather data with household data in India to explore whether farmers employ different responses toward weather shocks in regions with different levels of historical variation. I find that weather shocks can negatively affect agricultural income, but this effect decreases in a riskier place where people have, over time, diversified their income into off-farm employment. I also find evidence that caste-networks can potentially determine people's income diversification strategies. Households who are within a different caste from the majority of their village peers will be more likely to seek for off-farm jobs, while households who are in a similar caste to the majority of the people within the village will seek agricultural wage jobs from others in the village.
Three Essays On Economic Development
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Author : Vania Bitia Salas García
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Three Essays On Economic Development written by Vania Bitia Salas García and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Essays On The Formation Of Social And Economic Networks
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Author : Liza Charroin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Essays On The Formation Of Social And Economic Networks written by Liza Charroin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In a world where networks become a dominant form of organization, the structure of networks and the position of individuals in these networks affect individual behavior and aggregate economic outcomes. The analysis of network formation by a central planner or by individuals themselves is at the heart of this thesis on the economics of networks.Chapter 1 theoretically studies the optimal formation and protection of networks by a central planner knowing that an external agent can destroy k links. The protection of the network can be guaranteed either by densifying the links between nodes, or by protecting the links. When the cost of protection is relatively small, a minimally connected network composed of protected links guarantees the communication flow; if this cost is high, the optimal solution is to form a symmetric network where each node has at least k+1 non-protected links.Chapter 2 explores the decentralized formation of networks in the laboratory by analyzing individual linking formation decisions when one agent has a higher value than others and that the linking formation process is sequential. The results show that sequentiality facilitatesthe coordination on efficient networks but that do not correspond to the Subgame PerfectEquilibrium. The heterogeneity across agents increases the asymmetry of networks because of the polarization of links on the agent with a higher value.Chapter 3 studies the impact of the endogenous formation of networks on the importance of peer effects, applied to dishonest behavior. In order to identify the effects of social comparisons, two controlled environments are designed in the laboratory in which individuals choose or not their peers, and then observe their behavior. The results show that peer effects on dishonest behavior are significantly higher when individuals can choose their peers.